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aamc exams > p/s new cards part 2 > Flashcards

p/s new cards part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

three phases of kohlberg thinking

A

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

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2
Q

obedience

A

preconventional morality, a self oriented perspective that focuses on the negative consequences for disobeying

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3
Q

self interest

A

preconventional morality, a self oriented perspective focused on achieving benefits or rewards

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4
Q

conformity

A

conventional, concerned with the approval of others based on social expectations

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5
Q

law and order

A

conventional, the understanding that social expectations and rules help ensure a stable society as a whole

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6
Q

social construct

A

postconventional , laws are seen as a ways to reinforce the greater good through a complex network of interrelated rights and responsibilities

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7
Q

universal human ethics

A

postconventional, individuals can make abstract ethical judgements and engage in reasoning based on justice

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8
Q

three parts of human psyche

A

Id, Ego, Superego

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9
Q

Id

A

bundle of basic unconscious urges, survival, reproduction, immediate gratification
Pleasure principle, wish fulfillment

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10
Q

ego

A

The component of our personality that interacts with the world and makes decisions.
The reality principles… what is actually possible

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11
Q

superego

A

Focuses on what we are supposed to do and the ideal version of ourselves.
Drives us to perfectionism and socially internalized ideals.

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12
Q

Regression

A

returning to an earlier developmental stage. coping mechanism

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13
Q

reaction formation

A

an unconscious transmutation of unacceptable desires into their opposite

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14
Q

displacement

A

transferring a desire from an unacceptable object to a more acceptable one

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15
Q

sublimation

A

the redirection of desires that are felt to inappropriate into another behavior

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16
Q

projection

A

an individual attributed unwanted feelings to someone else

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17
Q

rationalization

A

coming up with excuses

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18
Q

suppression

A

attempt to disregard feelings

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19
Q

repression

A

UNCONSCIOUS suppression of feelings

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20
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

talking with a patient in order to uncover unconscious ideas

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21
Q

psychosexual perspective

A

the human libido persists throughout life

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22
Q

oedipus complex

A

boys attach to mothers

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23
Q

electra complex

A

girls attach to fathers

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24
Q

Carl Jung

A

humans can access a collective unconscious that contains various archetypes. Persona, shadow, anima

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25
Q

Persona

A

how we present ourselves

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26
Q

shadow

A

our hidden desires

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27
Q

anima

A

internalize view of the opposite gender

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28
Q

humanistic psychology

A

emphases the importance of empathy as a therpeutic technique.

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29
Q

Unconditioned positive regard

A

Carl Rogers, Humanistic psychology, therapist verbally accepts patient. Person centered

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30
Q

self-actualization

A

fully live up to their personality

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31
Q

trait theories

A

reduce personalities into a limited set of traits that combine in different ways. Big five theory.

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32
Q

Big five theory

A

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

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33
Q

neuroticism

A

degree to which a person experiences intense emotion in a stressful situation

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34
Q

PEN model

A

Psychoticism (nonconformity), extraversion, neuroticism

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35
Q

Why is Big five theory valid?

A

considered more valid because factor analysis promotes consistency

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36
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

promoted by Bandura. (Bobo doll)

37
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

our behaviors, choices and personalities influence each other. (Bandura)

38
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

development involved the interplay between the I and Me. The “I” = internal self. The “me” = version of self the environment reflects back. (Bandura)

39
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

the more knowledgable other. Focused on cognition as well as personality. Also emphasized the role of others in how the personality is shaped.

40
Q

Jung

A

psychoanalytical approach

41
Q

bandura

A

social learning theory

42
Q

mead

A

social behaviorist approach

43
Q

eysenck, hans, sibil

A

trait theorist.

44
Q

rogers

A

humantistic

45
Q

biomedical approach

A

disorders are physically based conditions

46
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

still recognize the biological causative factors, emphasize the role played by psychological factors and sociological factors

47
Q

major depressive disorder

A

one major depressive episode: intense saddness, anhedonia, weight change, sleep disturbance, appetite, guilt, reduced energy, attention, death/suicide.

48
Q

dysthemia

A

less intense form of depression for at least 2 years

49
Q

persistence depressive disorder

A

significant depressive symptoms for two years or longer

50
Q

bipolar I

A

primarily mania, can also have depressive episodesi

51
Q

bipolar II

A

hypomania, mainly depression

52
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

similar to bipolar II, hypomania, less depression

53
Q

illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)

A

concern about medical conditions

54
Q

OCD

A

obsessions/compulsions.
Obsessions: intrusive thoughts
compulsion: repetitive behaviors

55
Q

PTSD

A

occurs in people who are exposed to intense acute or chronic trauma, intrusive recollections, altered patterns of reactive and arousal

56
Q

somatic disorder

A

excessive preoccupation or focus on a physical symptom

57
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

retrograde amnesia in which people lose episodic memories about their lives

58
Q

depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

people feel unreality about their own existence

59
Q

schizophrenia

A
  • hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts, abnormal movements (positive symptoms).
  • low levels of emotional intensity (negative symptoms)
  • early 20s
59
Q

positive symptoms

A

addition of something extra onto ones baseline patterns

60
Q

negative symptoms

A

absence of ones emotional experience

61
Q

prodromal phase

A

person displays a pattern of poor social adjustment and integration

62
Q

delusions

A

beliefs that conflict with reality

63
Q

delusions of persecution

A

powerful forces are acting against the persons best interests

64
Q

delusions of grandeur

A

outsizes belief in ones exceptional nature

65
Q

Thought broadcasting

A

belief that the individuals thoughts are visible to others

66
Q

thought insertion

A

belief that thoughts can be transmitted into your head

67
Q

delusion of reference

A

belief that aspects of the publicly-available external environment are specifically targeted towards you

68
Q

catatonia

A

energy consuming but unusual movements, repeating (echopraxia, echolalia), lethargic

69
Q

disturbance of affect

A

how emotion is expressed, affect may be blunted or flat, mismatch with social conventions

70
Q

Cluster A disorders

A

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

71
Q

paranoid personality

A

distrsut, jealousy, malevolent intent of others

72
Q

schizoid personality

A

solitude, form few relationships

73
Q

schizotypal personality

A

intense discomfort in social contexts, unusual beliefs that are not quite to the level of delusions

74
Q

cluster B

A

Antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, borderline

75
Q

antisocial personality

A

pervasive pattern of disregard for others, violence and lack of remorse

76
Q

narcissistic

A

pervasive sense of ones unique talents, brilliance, unlimited success and power, shallow conflict driven relationships,

77
Q

histronic peronality

A

flashy, attention seeking, exaggerated

78
Q

borderline personality

A

extremely intense, unstable emotions and mood, splitting, risky, impulsive behavior

79
Q

splitting

A

people are either completely good or bad

80
Q

cluster C

A

avoidant, dependent, OCD

81
Q

avoidant personality

A

persistent sense of inadequacy and hypersensitive to criticism, avoid social situations or challenges

82
Q

dependent personality

A

need to be taken care of, hard to be alone

83
Q

OCD personality disorder

A

excessive concern with order, rules, regulations, perfectionism, controlling, stubborn

84
Q

biological basis of schizophrenia

A

strong genetic component, highly heritable, excess levels of dopamine

85
Q

biological basis of parkinsons

A

cell death in substantia nigra, reduces dopamine

86
Q

biological basis of depression

A

caused by deficiencies in serotonin and dopamine. SSRIs are a major class of antidepressants

87
Q

biological basis of alzheimers disease

A

beta amyloid and fibrillary tangles of tau proteins. Reduced acetylcholine

88
Q

ego-syntonic

A

behaviors that are in line with a persons goals of self image

aamc exams (14 decks)

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