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aamc exams > p/s new cards part 2 > Flashcards

p/s new cards part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

three phases of kohlberg thinking

A

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

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2
Q

obedience

A

preconventional morality, a self oriented perspective that focuses on the negative consequences for disobeying

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3
Q

self interest

A

preconventional morality, a self oriented perspective focused on achieving benefits or rewards

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4
Q

conformity

A

conventional, concerned with the approval of others based on social expectations

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5
Q

law and order

A

conventional, the understanding that social expectations and rules help ensure a stable society as a whole

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6
Q

social construct

A

postconventional , laws are seen as a ways to reinforce the greater good through a complex network of interrelated rights and responsibilities

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7
Q

universal human ethics

A

postconventional, individuals can make abstract ethical judgements and engage in reasoning based on justice

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8
Q

three parts of human psyche

A

Id, Ego, Superego

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9
Q

Id

A

bundle of basic unconscious urges, survival, reproduction, immediate gratification
Pleasure principle, wish fulfillment

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10
Q

ego

A

The component of our personality that interacts with the world and makes decisions.
The reality principles… what is actually possible

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11
Q

superego

A

Focuses on what we are supposed to do and the ideal version of ourselves.
Drives us to perfectionism and socially internalized ideals.

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12
Q

Regression

A

returning to an earlier developmental stage. coping mechanism

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13
Q

reaction formation

A

an unconscious transmutation of unacceptable desires into their opposite

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14
Q

displacement

A

transferring a desire from an unacceptable object to a more acceptable one

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15
Q

sublimation

A

the redirection of desires that are felt to inappropriate into another behavior

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16
Q

projection

A

an individual attributed unwanted feelings to someone else

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17
Q

rationalization

A

coming up with excuses

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18
Q

suppression

A

attempt to disregard feelings

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19
Q

repression

A

UNCONSCIOUS suppression of feelings

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20
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

talking with a patient in order to uncover unconscious ideas

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21
Q

psychosexual perspective

A

the human libido persists throughout life

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22
Q

oedipus complex

A

boys attach to mothers

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23
Q

electra complex

A

girls attach to fathers

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24
Q

Carl Jung

A

humans can access a collective unconscious that contains various archetypes. Persona, shadow, anima

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25
Persona
how we present ourselves
26
shadow
our hidden desires
27
anima
internalize view of the opposite gender
28
humanistic psychology
emphases the importance of empathy as a therpeutic technique.
29
Unconditioned positive regard
Carl Rogers, Humanistic psychology, therapist verbally accepts patient. Person centered
30
self-actualization
fully live up to their personality
31
trait theories
reduce personalities into a limited set of traits that combine in different ways. Big five theory.
32
Big five theory
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
33
neuroticism
degree to which a person experiences intense emotion in a stressful situation
34
PEN model
Psychoticism (nonconformity), extraversion, neuroticism
35
Why is Big five theory valid?
considered more valid because factor analysis promotes consistency
36
social cognitive perspective
promoted by Bandura. (Bobo doll)
37
reciprocal determinism
our behaviors, choices and personalities influence each other. (Bandura)
38
Symbolic interaction
development involved the interplay between the I and Me. The "I" = internal self. The "me" = version of self the environment reflects back. (Bandura)
39
Lev Vygotsky
the more knowledgable other. Focused on cognition as well as personality. Also emphasized the role of others in how the personality is shaped.
40
Jung
psychoanalytical approach
41
bandura
social learning theory
42
mead
social behaviorist approach
43
eysenck, hans, sibil
trait theorist.
44
rogers
humantistic
45
biomedical approach
disorders are physically based conditions
46
biopsychosocial approach
still recognize the biological causative factors, emphasize the role played by psychological factors and sociological factors
47
major depressive disorder
one major depressive episode: intense saddness, anhedonia, weight change, sleep disturbance, appetite, guilt, reduced energy, attention, death/suicide.
48
dysthemia
less intense form of depression for at least 2 years
49
persistence depressive disorder
significant depressive symptoms for two years or longer
50
bipolar I
primarily mania, can also have depressive episodesi
51
bipolar II
hypomania, mainly depression
52
cyclothymic disorder
similar to bipolar II, hypomania, less depression
53
illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria)
concern about medical conditions
54
OCD
obsessions/compulsions. Obsessions: intrusive thoughts compulsion: repetitive behaviors
55
PTSD
occurs in people who are exposed to intense acute or chronic trauma, intrusive recollections, altered patterns of reactive and arousal
56
somatic disorder
excessive preoccupation or focus on a physical symptom
57
dissociative amnesia
retrograde amnesia in which people lose episodic memories about their lives
58
depersonalization/derealization disorder
people feel unreality about their own existence
59
schizophrenia
- hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts, abnormal movements (positive symptoms). - low levels of emotional intensity (negative symptoms) - early 20s
59
positive symptoms
addition of something extra onto ones baseline patterns
60
negative symptoms
absence of ones emotional experience
61
prodromal phase
person displays a pattern of poor social adjustment and integration
62
delusions
beliefs that conflict with reality
63
delusions of persecution
powerful forces are acting against the persons best interests
64
delusions of grandeur
outsizes belief in ones exceptional nature
65
Thought broadcasting
belief that the individuals thoughts are visible to others
66
thought insertion
belief that thoughts can be transmitted into your head
67
delusion of reference
belief that aspects of the publicly-available external environment are specifically targeted towards you
68
catatonia
energy consuming but unusual movements, repeating (echopraxia, echolalia), lethargic
69
disturbance of affect
how emotion is expressed, affect may be blunted or flat, mismatch with social conventions
70
Cluster A disorders
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
71
paranoid personality
distrsut, jealousy, malevolent intent of others
72
schizoid personality
solitude, form few relationships
73
schizotypal personality
intense discomfort in social contexts, unusual beliefs that are not quite to the level of delusions
74
cluster B
Antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, borderline
75
antisocial personality
pervasive pattern of disregard for others, violence and lack of remorse
76
narcissistic
pervasive sense of ones unique talents, brilliance, unlimited success and power, shallow conflict driven relationships,
77
histronic peronality
flashy, attention seeking, exaggerated
78
borderline personality
extremely intense, unstable emotions and mood, splitting, risky, impulsive behavior
79
splitting
people are either completely good or bad
80
cluster C
avoidant, dependent, OCD
81
avoidant personality
persistent sense of inadequacy and hypersensitive to criticism, avoid social situations or challenges
82
dependent personality
need to be taken care of, hard to be alone
83
OCD personality disorder
excessive concern with order, rules, regulations, perfectionism, controlling, stubborn
84
biological basis of schizophrenia
strong genetic component, highly heritable, excess levels of dopamine
85
biological basis of parkinsons
cell death in substantia nigra, reduces dopamine
86
biological basis of depression
caused by deficiencies in serotonin and dopamine. SSRIs are a major class of antidepressants
87
biological basis of alzheimers disease
beta amyloid and fibrillary tangles of tau proteins. Reduced acetylcholine
88
ego-syntonic
behaviors that are in line with a persons goals of self image

aamc exams (14 decks)

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