p/s fl 4

Question 1

traditional behaviorist theory

Answer 1

actual outcomes of a behavior determine whether that behavior will be repeated

Question 2

extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

any motivation that results from incentives to perform behavior.

Question 3

external motivation

Answer 3

social pressure

Question 4

incongruence

Answer 4

the gap between a persons actual self and the ideal self

Question 5

observer bias

Answer 5

any bias on the part of the observers recording the data.

Question 6

base rate fallacy

Answer 6

errors people make when they ignroe the base rates (prior probabilities) when evaluating the probabilities (frequency) of events.

Question 7

retina

Answer 7

detect light rays and convert them to signals for the brain

Question 8

glass escalator concept

Answer 8

men who pursue occupations that have high proportions of women will quickly ascend the career ladder with promotions.

Question 9

reaction formation

Answer 9

unconsciously replaces an unwanted or anxiety-provoking impulse with its opposite,

Question 10

statistical deviancy

Answer 10

rare

Question 11

cross sectional

Answer 11

one specific point in time

Question 12

the naming explosion

Answer 12

learning up to 8 new words a day as a child

Question 13

overextension

Answer 13

applying a term for one class of objects to other objects that bear a resemblance

Question 14

categorical p erception

Answer 14

perceive items belonging to a category as being more similar to each other an less similar to items from other categories.

Question 15

bootstrapping

Answer 15

initially stages of grammatical development

Question 16

systematic desensitization

Answer 16

classical conditioning… intensity of an unconditioned stimulus is gradually increased until it no longer elicits the conditioned response

Question 17

elaborative encoding

Answer 17

combining new information with existing memory representations which enhances the probability of retrieving that new information

Question 18

anomie

Answer 18

lack/breaking down of social or ethical standards

Question 19

relative deprivation

Answer 19

expectations surpass the material resources that a group or individual has

Question 20

binocular cues

Answer 20

• depth.
• retinal disparity
• convergence (far away = eyes relaxed)

Question 21

monocular cues

Answer 21

• form
• relative size
• interposition
• relative height
• shading
• motion (parallax)
• constancy

Question 22

webers law

Answer 22

change must be 0.1 of initial intensity to be noticeable

Question 23

bottom up vs top down

Answer 23

bottom up = begin with stimulus
top down = use background knowledge

Question 24

law of common fate

Answer 24

ex: two arrays, one array moving up other moving down. view as two units