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aamc exams > p/s gap filling > Flashcards

p/s gap filling Flashcards

1
Q

schizophrenia

A

perceptual abnormalities, like hallucinations as well as delusional and disjointed thought patterns

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2
Q

shizotypal personality disorder

A

odd and disturbed thought patterns as well as perceptual distortions that lead the individual to attribute excessive personal significance to normal events. Typically do not include hallucinations

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3
Q

shizoid personality disorder

A

feeling of separation, coldness, apathy towards others.

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4
Q

cultural diffusion

A

spread of specific cultural phenomenon from one society to another

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5
Q

cultural assimilation

A

process by which one culture resembles another

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6
Q

culture lag

A

material culture evolves faster than symbolic culture

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7
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

study of how people interact through the collective understanding of symbols and their meanings

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8
Q

mores

A

A norm based on societal sense of right and wrong. There might be harsher consequences for breaking a more than a folkway, but still relatively light. Examples include lying or adultery.

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9
Q

taboos

A

informal laws that forbid certain things, such as incest

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10
Q

folkways

A

informal customs that are socially approved but not morally significant.

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11
Q

controlled vs automatic processing

A

controlled: completing an action that is unfamiliar
automatic: completing an action that is very familiar

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12
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

theta waves, NREM

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13
Q

stage 2 sleep

A

theta waves, sleep spindles (bursts of activity), NREM

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14
Q

stage 3 and 4 sleep

A

delta waves, deepest sleep, NREM

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15
Q

stage 5 sleep

A

beta waves, REM sleep

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16
Q

shadowing

A

repeating information given into a specific ear

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17
Q

negative correlation

A

fewer errors in one section lead to higher scores in other sections

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18
Q

IQ scale

A

normalized to a mean of 100, and a SD of 15. 68% (more than two thirds) will be between 85 and 115.

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19
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintain homeostatic equilibrium.

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20
Q

What affect might stimulants have on the body

A

may cause an increase in glucose metabolism, as stimulants have a similar physiological effect to stress

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21
Q

Why is continuous reinforcement important in the beginning of operant conditioning?

A

schedule unambiguously informs the subject which behavior is correct

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22
Q

instinctual drift

A

phenomenon whereby established habits, learned using operant techniques, eventually are replaced by innate food-related behaviors

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23
Q

operant extinction

A

weakening and eventual stop of the voluntary, conditioned response

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24
Q

aging does NOT diminish

A

crystalline intelligence, the ability to retrieve general information

25
Q

declarative information

A

SAME AS EXPLICIT MEMORY
(facts and information)

26
Q

semantic memory

A

long term, general knowledge

27
Q

socialization

A

process of learning the norms and vlaues in a society. An agent of socialization is parts of society that are important for socialization. (school, family, friends, religion, music)

28
Q

culture transmission

A

how culture is learned.

29
Q

proximal stimulus

A

stimulus registered by sensory receptors

30
Q

incentive stimulus

A

external stimulus such as a condition or an object that enhances the motivation for a behavior

31
Q

distal stimulus

A

actual physical stimulus

32
Q

psychophysical discrimination testing

A

directly assesses our perception of stimuli in relation to their true physical properties

33
Q

partial report technique

A

when in memory testing they flash a square with 9 numbers total and ask the subject to recall only one row they are able to do it perfectly.

34
Q

operational span testing

A

a widely used task to assess working memory capacity, in which participants try to remember sequentially presented words in their correct order while simultaneously solving simple math equations.

35
Q

practice effect

A

Practice effects occur when a participant in an experiment is able to perform a task and then perform it again at some later time.

36
Q

proactive interference

A

when memories from the past interfere with your ability to remember new information

37
Q

sensitive period

A

also known as critical point, a point in early development that can have a significant influence on physiological or behavioral functioning later in life.

38
Q

incentive theory

A

how factors outside of individuals can motivate behavior. THese can be community, culture, money, etc…

39
Q

exchange rational choice

A

Rational choice theory: people are motivated to do things based on what is best for them

exchange theory: this is an application of the rational choice theory onto societal interactions.

40
Q

social epidemiology

A

contribution of social and cultural factors to disease in populations

41
Q

social cognitive theory

A

also known as social learning theory, suggests behaviors are learned through observing others and modeling their actions.

42
Q

intersectionality

A

identity categories intersect in a system of social stratification.

43
Q

functionalism

A

focuses on the purpose, on the function of the behavior. William James

44
Q

looking-glass self

A

self-concept is influenced by how we perceive that others are viewing us.

45
Q

how does fMRI measure brain activity

A

measure brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow

46
Q

parallel processing

A

ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli of differing quality.

47
Q

interposition

A

monocular cue in which one object partially obscures or covers another object, giving the perception the object that is partially covered is farther away

48
Q

accomadation

A

the way we modify our cognitive schemas in order to incorporate new information or experiences

49
Q

place theory

A

we hear different pitches because different areas of the cochlea respond to higher and lower pitches

50
Q

priming uses…

A

implicit memory. Priming creates an unconscious response to something

51
Q

fluid intelligence

A

the ability to be adaptable and solve problems somewhat quick

52
Q

alzehimers

A

loss of memory, cognitive disfunction, decline in implicit memory, difficulty speaking

53
Q

independent vs dependent stressors

A

independent stressors are independent of ones actions. (ex: death of a loved one)

Dependent stressors = stressful events that they influence

54
Q

General Adaptation syndrome

A

alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Exhaustion = PROLONGED STRESS

55
Q

unidirectional relationship

A

a relationship between two unrelated things

56
Q

reciprocal relationship

A

give and take… relationship between two factors that influence each other

57
Q

corpus callosum

A

nerve fibers that connect the cerebral hemisphere. If there is a leisure in this region, information on one side of the brain may have a hard time reaching the other side.

For example: a person can speak a word that is being projected to the right visual field, but cannot process a word being projected to the left visual field. (right visual field goes to the left side of the brain to be verbalized by language centers)

58
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

beliefs different from actions. tend to change attitudes to match their behavior rather than the other way around

59
Q
A

aamc exams (14 decks)

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