Exam 1 P/S

Question 1

state dependency effect

Answer 1

you retain stuff better if youre in the same state as when you learned it

Question 2

misinformation effect

Answer 2

memory errors in which some information introduced and encoded after the target information is retrieved along with some portions of target information. Trouble identifyign original info . Source confusion

Question 3

dual coding

Answer 3

the idea of using different types of stimuli to help learners encode information in their brains more effectively, enabling it to be more easily retrieved later on.

Question 4

spreading activation theory

Answer 4

when representation of a concept is activated in memory, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related.

Question 5

source monitoring

Answer 5

the context of where the information came from?

A source-monitoring error is a type of memory error where the source of a memory is incorrectly attributed to some specific recollected experience

Question 6

piagets theory of cognitive development

Answer 6

sensorimotor: 0-2
preopertational:2-7
concrete operational: 7-11
formal operational: 11+

Question 7

psychodynamic theory

Answer 7

the study of psychological forces underlying human behavior/emotions

Question 8

discriminatory stimuli

Answer 8

allow an organism to tell whether an appetitive stimulus or aversive stimulus is forthcoming in an operant conditioning situation

Question 9

signaling stimuli

Answer 9

neutral stimuli that may become conditioned stimuli

Question 10

reticular activation system

Answer 10

involves reticular formation, deep in brainstem. Concerned with arousal, such as sleep wake cycle and attention.

Question 11

limbic system

Answer 11

thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala.

Question 12

top-down processes

Answer 12

perceiving the world around us by drawing from what we already know in order to interpret new information.

Question 13

affective processes

Answer 13

attitudes/emotions affect our decisions/actions

Question 14

order of eye structure

Answer 14

cornea > iris>pupil>lens>retina>choroid

Question 15

actor-observer bias

Answer 15

tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes.

Question 16

electrical conductivity of the skin

Answer 16

can be used to measure the degree of sympathetic arousal. brain imaging is not likely to provide an indication of the levels of sympathetic arousal.

Question 17

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 17

an organisms stress response always follows a similar course, regardless of the exact nature of the stressor.

Question 18

social loafing

Answer 18

someone puts in less effort when theyre judged as part of a group.

Question 19

egocentrism

Answer 19

excessive interest in oneself and concern for ones own welfare

Question 20

social facilitation

Answer 20

being in the presence of others improves individual task performance

Question 21

median versus mean

Answer 21

Median represents the middle of the distribution, splitting the sample distribution of values in half. Ex: a median of 25 = half of the participants had a score over 25 and the other half under 25

Question 22

social network analysis

Answer 22

used in epidemiological studies. maps the social relationships that exist among a set of individuals

Question 23

social stratification

Answer 23

hierarchy of social positions in a society

Question 24

social reproduction analysis

Answer 24

perpetuation of inequality through social institutions.

Question 25

trust v mistrust

Answer 25

0-1 year, infancy

Question 26

autonomy vs shame/doubt

Answer 26

1-3, early childhood

Question 27

initiative v guilt

Answer 27

3-6 play age

Question 28

industry v inferiority

Answer 28

7-11 school age

Question 29

indentity v confusion

Answer 29

12-18 adolescence

Question 30

intimacy v isolation

Answer 30

19-29 early adulthood

Question 31

generativity v stagnation

Answer 31

30-64 middle age

Question 32

integrity v despair

Answer 32

65 onward, old age

Question 33

nativist hypothesis

Answer 33

acquisition of a childs first language

Question 34

scachter-singer two factor theory

Answer 34

relationship between emotions and cognitive awareness of ones emotional state.

Question 35

linguistic relativity

Answer 35

weak version of the whorf-sapir hypothesis, language affects perceptions of its speakers.

Question 36

working memory of an adult

Answer 36

between 5 and 9 .
magical number 7 +- 2

Question 37

implicit memory

Answer 37

unintentionally memorized information that we cannot consciously bring into awareness

Question 38

semantic memory

Answer 38

type of long term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts or numbers.

Question 39

explicit memory

Answer 39

conscious intentional recollection of factual information