Exam 1 P/S Flashcards
state dependency effect
you retain stuff better if youre in the same state as when you learned it
misinformation effect
memory errors in which some information introduced and encoded after the target information is retrieved along with some portions of target information. Trouble identifyign original info . Source confusion
dual coding
the idea of using different types of stimuli to help learners encode information in their brains more effectively, enabling it to be more easily retrieved later on.
spreading activation theory
when representation of a concept is activated in memory, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related.
source monitoring
the context of where the information came from?
A source-monitoring error is a type of memory error where the source of a memory is incorrectly attributed to some specific recollected experience
piagets theory of cognitive development
sensorimotor: 0-2
preopertational:2-7
concrete operational: 7-11
formal operational: 11+
psychodynamic theory
the study of psychological forces underlying human behavior/emotions
discriminatory stimuli
allow an organism to tell whether an appetitive stimulus or aversive stimulus is forthcoming in an operant conditioning situation
signaling stimuli
neutral stimuli that may become conditioned stimuli
reticular activation system
involves reticular formation, deep in brainstem. Concerned with arousal, such as sleep wake cycle and attention.
limbic system
thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala.
top-down processes
perceiving the world around us by drawing from what we already know in order to interpret new information.
affective processes
attitudes/emotions affect our decisions/actions
order of eye structure
cornea > iris>pupil>lens>retina>choroid
actor-observer bias
tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes.
electrical conductivity of the skin
can be used to measure the degree of sympathetic arousal. brain imaging is not likely to provide an indication of the levels of sympathetic arousal.
general adaptation syndrome
an organisms stress response always follows a similar course, regardless of the exact nature of the stressor.
social loafing
someone puts in less effort when theyre judged as part of a group.
egocentrism
excessive interest in oneself and concern for ones own welfare
social facilitation
being in the presence of others improves individual task performance
median versus mean
Median represents the middle of the distribution, splitting the sample distribution of values in half. Ex: a median of 25 = half of the participants had a score over 25 and the other half under 25
social network analysis
used in epidemiological studies. maps the social relationships that exist among a set of individuals
social stratification
hierarchy of social positions in a society
social reproduction analysis
perpetuation of inequality through social institutions.
