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PMLS 2 > (P) Lesson 2: Infection Control > Flashcards

(P) Lesson 2: Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Process by which a pathogen enters, multiplies, and causes illness to the body

A

Infection

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2
Q

Microorganisms that cause disease are called what?

A

Pathogens

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3
Q

Non-pathogenic microorganisms on our skin and GIT

A

Normal Flora

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4
Q

T or F: Normal flora can become pathogenic

A

True (if they exist in a location they aren’t meant to be in)

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5
Q

Infection that affects only one area of the body

A

Local infection

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6
Q

Infection that affects the entire body

A

Systemic infection

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7
Q

Infection caused by one’s own flora

A

Autogenous infection

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8
Q

Diseases that spread from one person to another

A

Communicable disease

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9
Q

Infections acquired in healthcare facilities

A

Nosocomial infections

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10
Q

Microorganisms that develop resistances to specific antibiotics

A

Antibiotic Resistant Infections

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11
Q

Microorganisms that develop resistances to multiple antibiotics; aka superbugs

A

Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms

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12
Q

The continuous link in the transmission of pathogens between a source and host

A

Chain of Infection

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13
Q

The causative agent for infections that may be bacteria, protozoa, virus, etc.

A

Infectious Agent

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14
Q

The place where pathogens can grow, survive, and multiply (animals, humans, plants, soil, etc.)

A

Reservoir

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15
Q

The pathway where an infectious agent can leave a reservoir host; can be secretions from the eyes, nose, mouth, blood, feces, urine, etc.

A

Exit Pathway

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16
Q

Refers to contact that may be direct or indirect

A

Means of Transmission

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17
Q

Physical transfer from the source to the host through close or intimate contact

A

Direct Contact

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18
Q

Transfer of pathogens via an object such as bed linings, instruments, furniture, etc.

A

Indirect Contact

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19
Q

Transfer of pathogens through the mucus membranes of the host via water particles

A

Droplet Transmission

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20
Q

T or F: Droplet size is less than 5 micrometers

A

False (more than 5 micrometers)

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21
Q

T or F: Droplet pathogens do not remain suspended in the air

A

True

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22
Q

Droplet nuclei develop when the fluid evaporates in this type of transmission

A

Airborne Transmission

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23
Q

T or F: Airborne pathogens remain infective in particles larger than 5 micrometers

A

False (less than 5 micrometers)

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24
Q

T or F: Airborne pathogens can stay suspended in the air for several hours

A

True

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25
Q

A transfer via contaminated materials such as food or water

A

Vehicle

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26
Q

Transmission via insects or animals

A

Vector-borne

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27
Q

Pathway to which an agent enters a host body through orifices, membranes, or breaks in the skin

A

Entry Pathway

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28
Q

T or F: Usually, the exit pathway is not the same as the entry pathway

A

False (usually the same)

29
Q

Someone prone to infection due to decreased ability to resist them (immunocompromised)

A

Susceptible Host

30
Q

An effective way to prevent the spread of infection using soap and water

A

Hand Hygiene

31
Q

“Sepsis” means what?

A

Microbial

32
Q

T or F: One should bring the blood collection trays inside the nursery when doing these procedures

A

False (leave them outside the nursery/ICU)

33
Q

This isolation procedure is done if you were exposed to someone carrying a transmissible disease

A

Quarantine

34
Q

This isolation procedure is done if you are the one who’s sick and carrying a transmissible disease

A

Isolate

35
Q

This isolation procedure is done for patients who are highly susceptible to infections (separating the immunocompromised)

A

Protective/Reverse Isolation

36
Q

Type of microorganisms in human blood that are infectious and can cause disease

A

Blood-borne pathogens

37
Q

T or F: Hepatitis B can survive for a week on objects

A

True

38
Q

T or F: Hepatitis B’s mode of transmission is airborne

A

False (needle sticks and sexual contact)

39
Q

Ability of a microbe to survive on surfaces for a long period of time

A

Viability

40
Q

Degree of a microbe to cause disease

A

Virulence

41
Q

T or F: HIV is more viable and more virulent than Hepatitis B

A

False (Hepatitis B is more viable and more virulent than HIV)

42
Q

T or F: Disinfectant ratio of bleach solution should be 1:10

A

True (sodium hypochlorite)

43
Q

Any material that could be harmful to one’s health

A

Biohazard

44
Q

Safe handling of biological substances that pose a risk to health; prevents and protects clinical laboratories from harmful incidents caused by hazardous specimens

A

Biosafety

45
Q

Protecting the organism from people that plan to steal or manipulate the specimen

A

Biosecurity

46
Q

Permucosal transmission refers to transferring diseases through?

A

Mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes

47
Q

Percutaneous transmission refers to transferring diseases through?

A

Intact skin via needle sticks and sharp objects

48
Q

What are the 4 components of the fire tetrahedron?

A

Heat, fuel, oxygen, and a chemical reaction

49
Q

T or F: Fire can be extinguished even if you remove just 1 element from the tetrahedron

A

True

50
Q

Class of fire caused by ordinary combustible materials

A

Class A

51
Q

Class A fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguishers?

A

A (Water), AB (Foam) or ABC (Dry Chemical)

52
Q

Class of fire caused by flammable liquids and vapors (paint, oil, grease, gasoline)

A

Class B

53
Q

Class B fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguishers?

A

AB (Foam), ABC (Dry Chemical), or BC (Dry Chemical)

54
Q

Class of fire caused by electrical equipment

A

Class C

55
Q

Class C fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguishers?

A

CO2-containing, ABC and BC (dry chemicals)

56
Q

T or F: You can use foam in extinguishing Class C fires

A

False (NEVER use foam for electrical fires)

57
Q

Class of fire caused by combustible chemical/reactive metals

A

Class D

58
Q

Class C fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguisher?

A

D (Dry Powder)

59
Q

Class of fire caused by cooking oil or grease fats

A

Class K

60
Q

Class K fires can be extinguished using what types of extinguisher?

A

K (potassium-based alkaline liquid)

61
Q

What does PASS mean for using fire extinguishers?

A

Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, and Sweep nozzle

62
Q

What does RACE stand for in emergency fires?

A

Rescue people in danger, Activate fire alarms, Close all doors, and Extinguish the fire

63
Q

T or F: You can pour water on acid

A

False

64
Q

Injury characterized by abnormal or profuse bleeding

A

External Hemorrhage

65
Q

Refers to insufficient return of blood to the heart which results to a lack of oxygen supply to all organs and tissue

A

Shock

66
Q

Emergency procedure performed when the heart stops beating

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

67
Q

How many inches should each push be when performing CPR?

A

2 inches

68
Q

What is the ratio of compressions to rescue breaths?

A

30:2 respectively

PMLS 2 (16 decks)

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