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PMLS 2 > (M) Lesson 1: Performing Venipuncture > Flashcards

(M) Lesson 1: Performing Venipuncture Flashcards

1
Q

→ aka “phlebotomy”
→ process of collecting or drawing blood from a vein
→ the most common way to collect blood specimens for laboratory testing

A

Venipuncture

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2
Q

Lack of this skill will manifests the most common error in the laboratory (i.e mislabeling of patient or specimen)

A

Administrative/Clerical Skills

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3
Q

This lists the information needed for the phlebotomist to collect blood samples; a form in which test orders are entered by the doctor

A

Requisition Form

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4
Q

T or F: Verbal test requests are not allowed during emergencies

A

False (they are allowed but you still need to document it afterwards)

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5
Q

A patient’s medical record number and room number will only be included in the requisition form if they are what type of patient?

A

Inpatient

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6
Q

The date of when the test is to be performed, billing information, and ICD-9 codes will only be included in the requisition form if the patient is of what type?

A

Outpatient

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7
Q

This form contains a number to identify all paperwork and supplies associated with each patient; commonly used for tracking the sample, entering the result, and checking and reporting patient results

A

Accession Order

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8
Q

T or F: Bar codes in accession forms can be applied to both inpatient and outpatient

A

False (only for inpatient)

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9
Q

This type of accession order contains actual labels that are placed on specimen tubes immediately after collection

A

Computerized

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10
Q

This type of accession order comes in a multipart carbon form and has three parts: request, report, and billing

A

Manual

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11
Q

T or F: Manual accession forms can be printed

A

False (handwritten only)

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12
Q

A manual accession form can be given to the phlebotomist by a nurse for what type of patient?

A

Inpatient

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13
Q

A manual accession form can be handed directly to a patient if they are of what type?

A

Outpatient

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14
Q

T or F: Manual accession forms act as backups incase computer systems fail

A

True

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15
Q

T or F: The receipt of a test request for inpatients should be printed out at a special computer terminal at the phlebotomist station in the laboratory

A

True

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16
Q

T or F: Outpatients receive laboratory requisitions or prescription slips with test orders written on them by their physicians

A

True

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17
Q

T or F: In accessioning test requests, one must do it in the order of which the requests come in simultaneously

A

False (chronologically)

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18
Q

T or F: You must arrange requisition forms according to status of priority

A

True

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19
Q

T or F: You can review requisitions in order to see what equipment is needed while in the patient’s quarters

A

False (review it BEFORE meeting with the patient)

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20
Q

T or F: Outpatients are summoned from the waiting area to the blood drawing station according to order of arrival

A

True

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21
Q

These refer to things a phlebotomist must look for before interacting with a patient (e.g precautions, allergy status, DNR, etc.)

A

Signs

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22
Q

These are messages left by other healthcare workers on how you should approach the patient

A

Codes

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23
Q

T or F: When entering a patient’s room knock regardless if the door is open or not

A

True

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24
Q

T or F: If a physician or clergy is present in the room, you may enter politely and inform them of the scheduled blood draw

A

False (do not interrupt, wait for your turn, draw blood from another patient if applicable and come back)

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25
Q

T or F: Family members can stay in the room when performing blood draws

A

False (ask them to step out the room)

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26
Q

T or F: If a patient is unavailable during the time you arrive for a blood draw, the only thing you need to do is inform the head nurse that you will come back

A

False (fill out a form declaring you are unable to collect blood)

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27
Q

T or F: Only verbal patient consent is looked out for before performing venipuncture

A

False (consent through actions is looked for as well)

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28
Q

T or F: Patient refusal for blood draw can be verified verbally

A

False (objections should be written or reported to personnel)

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29
Q

Refers to the behavior of the healthcare worker towards the patient

A

Bedside Manner

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30
Q

This is the the most important step in the collection process

A

Patient Identification

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31
Q

T or F: Do not collect samples if information contains discrepancies

A

True

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32
Q

Instead of asking yes or no questions, what should you ask the patient to say or do when identifying them?

A

State their full name and date of birth or you can let them spell their last name

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33
Q

If there are ID discrepancies, which staff should you inform first?

A

Nurses

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34
Q

If the patient suffers from a burn and cannot give consent, who should you ask consent from?

A

Family or their nurse

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35
Q

T or F: Never verify information and collect specimens from an ID band not attached to a patient

A

True

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36
Q

The identification procedure of verbally asking for a full name and confirming using ID bracelets is used for what type of patients?

A

Conscious or Hospitalized Patients

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37
Q

The identification procedure of awakening them before collection and to do the same as for the conscious patients is used for what type of patients?

A

Sleeping Patients

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38
Q

The identification procedure of awakening them before collection and to do the same as for the conscious patients is used for what type of patients?

A

Sleeping Patients

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39
Q

The identification procedure of asking relatives, nurses, physicians, and recording the name before comparing the ID bracelets is used for what type of patients?

A

Unconscious Patients and Infants, Children, or Mentally Incompetent Patients

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40
Q

The identification procedure where the receptionist will verify the ID after the patient surrenders it is used for what type of patients?

A

Outpatients

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41
Q

This type of identification procedure involves collecting the name, date of birth, patient record number, mother’s last name, and gender for what type of patients?

A

Babies and Neonates

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42
Q

Where can infant ID bands be found?

A

On their lower leg

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43
Q

T or F: Both temporary and permanent numbers can be assigned for emergency room patients

A

True

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44
Q

T or F: Permanent numbers need not be cross-referenced to the previous temporary numbers of emergency room patients

A

False

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45
Q

T or F: You must address objects in the patient’s mouth before proceeding with blood draws

A

True (e.g. chewing of food)

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46
Q

How long is the fasting period for FBS?

A

8-10 hours

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47
Q

How long is the fasting period for a lipid profile test?

A

10-12 hours

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48
Q

T or F: Arms can be bent when drawing blood

A

False (must be downward and comfortable)

49
Q

T or F: Inpatients are seated or reclined while Outpatients are lying down on their beds during blood draws

A

False (inpatients are on the bed while outpatients are on chairs)

50
Q

T or F: Proper hand hygiene is preferably done in the presence of the patient

A

True

51
Q

This equipment obstructs blood flow and makes veins more prominent

A

Tourniquet

52
Q

The tourniquet should be applied how many inches above the puncture site?

A

3-4 inches

53
Q

A tourniquet should be applied not longer than how many minutes?

A

1 minute

54
Q

When using blood pressure cuffs for obese patients, what is the pressure needed to obstruct blood flow?

A

60mmHg (between systolic and diastolic)

55
Q

Why is the thumb not appropriate for palpating veins?

A

Because it has a pulse

56
Q

T or F: Veins must be soft and bouncy

A

True

57
Q

If the blood vessel you are palpating has a pulse, what is it?

A

Artery

58
Q

What is the first priority vein for blood draw in the median cubital fossa?

A

Median cubital

59
Q

What is the second priority vein for blood draw in the median cubital fossa?

A

Cephalic

60
Q

What is the last priority vein for blood draw in the median cubital fossa?

A

Basilic

61
Q

Why is the basilic vein the last choice for blood draw in the cubital fossa?

A

It lies near to the brachial artery

62
Q

T or F: You cannot extract blood from a patient’s arm if they’ve recently undergone a mastectomy

A

True

63
Q

T or F: If veins are not found, you can wrap a cold wet towel around the arm or hand

A

False (warm towels will promote vasodilation)

64
Q

T or F: You can use a pen to mark the puncture site on a patient’s skin

A

False (use an alcohol pad instead)

65
Q

How long until you reapply the tourniquet after the first palpation?

A

2 minutes

66
Q

What is the motion of cleaning the site with alcohol?

A

Circular motion from the inside going outward

67
Q

T or F: You can blow or fan on the alcohol to make it dry faster

A

False

68
Q

T or F: No traces of alcohol should be left on the skin

A

True (alcohol penetrating the skin can cause hemolysis and contaminates glucose testing)

69
Q

How long must you allot for the alcohol to naturally dry?

A

30 seconds to 1 minute

70
Q

T or F: You can place the phlebotomy tray on the patient’s bed

A

False (it can get contaminated)

71
Q

How many inches must you anchor the vein below the puncture site?

A

1-2 inches

72
Q

In what direction must you pull the skin when anchoring a vein?

A

Towards the wrist (downwards)

73
Q

What can happen to the blood when the fist is overly clenched or is vigorously opened and closed?

A

Hemoconcentration (increased concentration of cells and solids in the blood usually resulting from loss of fluid to the tissues)

74
Q

T or F: Position the needle perpendicularly to the vein

A

False (parallel or running in the same direction as the vein)

75
Q

How many degrees must the needle be inserted in?

A

15-30 degrees

76
Q

T or F: The more superficial the vein, the higher the angle

A

False (lower angle)

77
Q

What can be felt the moment you hit a vein?

A

A pop

78
Q

The bevel should be facing in what direction when performing blood draws?

A

Upwards

79
Q

T or F: You can insert the needle at the same spot you palpated

A

False (insert it a few inches below)

80
Q

What can propagate in the syringe if you pull the plunger too fast?

A

Air bubbles

81
Q

What is an indicator that you’ve hit a vein for the syringe method?

A

As soon as blood enters the hub

82
Q

T or F: Remove the tourniquet after withdrawing the needle

A

False (remove the tourniquet first before withdrawing the needle)

83
Q

This is a piece of equipment that lets you put the blood from the syringe into an evacuated tube in a clean and safe manner

A

Transfer device

84
Q

This method is performed when no transfer device is available

A

Puncturing the tube stopper

85
Q

What is present inside the evacuated tubes that make it easy to transfer the blood?

A

Vacuum

86
Q

T or F: The tourniquet can be left on until after the evacuated tubes have been filled

A

True

87
Q

On what angle is a butterfly needle inserted in the skin?

A

5-10 degrees

88
Q

A process of recapping the needle in a safe manner

A

Fishing out

89
Q

How many minutes should you apply pressure on the puncture site after blood extraction?

A

3-5 minutes (max. of 15)

90
Q

T or F: The needle and tube holder/transfer device can be discarded separately

A

False (must be disposed of as a single unit)

91
Q

T or F: The needle and syringe can be discarded both together or separately

A

True

92
Q

T or F: You can pre-label the samples before performing blood draws

A

False (always label after the procedure)

93
Q

Computers can generate this piece of technology which carries all the information of the patient without utilizing too much space on paper

A

Bar Codes

94
Q

T or F: Bar codes are directly attached to the tubes using adhesives

A

True

95
Q

Refers to increased number of formed elements in the blood

A

Hemoconcentration

96
Q

This is the product of blood escaping from the punctured vein and traveling to the surrounding tissue

A

Hematoma

97
Q

What is the remedy for hematomas?

A

Apply ice in the first 24 hours then apply warm compress after 1 day

98
Q

What type of complication does hemoconcentration, failure of blood to enter syringe, hematoma, and bleeding fall under?

A

Immediate local

99
Q

An abnormal vascular condition involving thrombus development within the blood vessel

A

Thrombosis

100
Q

Refers to the inflammation of a vein accompanied by a clot resulting from trauma to the vessel wall

A

Thrombophlebitis

101
Q

What type of complication does thrombosis and thrombophlebitis fall under?

A

Late local

102
Q

Medical condition for fainting caused by:
- lack of oxygen in the brain
- inability to stay put in an upright position
- anxiety of the patient because of the procedure

A

Syncope

103
Q

What is inhaled as part of an old method for treating fainted patients?

A

Ammonia

104
Q

T or F: If patient feels faint, withdraw the needle and have their head lifted between their legs

A

False (head must be lowered in between the legs before breathing deeply)

105
Q

What complication does circulatory failure and syncope fall under?

A

Immediate general

106
Q

Refers to anemia that is hospital-induced

A

Iatrogenic anemia

107
Q

What complication does contracting hepatitis, AIDS, anemia, and nerve injury fall under?

A

Late general

108
Q

Refers to the breaking or rupturing of the RBC membrane

A

Hemolysis

109
Q

Refers to yellowish or orange color of serum due to high bilirubin levels in the blood

A

Jaundice

Edit: hindi ba icterus ‘to?

110
Q

When referring to jaundice but used for the sample and not the patient, it is called as what?

A

Ictericia

111
Q

Refers to a white and milky color of blood due to large amounts of fats and lipids

A

Lipemia

112
Q

How many mg/dL of hemoglobin does a pinkish color manifest?

A

20

113
Q

How many mg/dL of hemoglobin does a reddish color manifest?

A

100

114
Q

What two colors of the sample indicate hemolysis?

A

Pinkish and reddish

115
Q

T or F: Small bores can cause RBCs to rupture

A

True

116
Q

Hemolysis can occur if subjected to extreme temperatures especially when?

A

Cold

117
Q

T or F: It is advisable to slap or flick the patient’s arm

A

False

118
Q

Refers to the process of rotating the needle inside the skin when locating a vein

A

Probing

119
Q

How many attempts does a phlebotomist have before they can ask for assistance from another phlebotomist or physician?

A

2

PMLS 2 (16 decks)

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