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PMLS 2 > (F) Lesson 3.1: Blood Donor Phlebotomy > Flashcards

(F) Lesson 3.1: Blood Donor Phlebotomy Flashcards

1
Q

Process of collection, testing, preparation, and storage of blood from volunteer donors

A

Blood donation

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2
Q

What body fluid is used for transfusion purposes?

A

Blood

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3
Q

Amounts are referred to as what?

A

Units

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4
Q

T or F: 1 bag is 0.5 units

A

False (1:1)

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5
Q

What is the main site for acquiring contamination infections during blood donation?

A

Patient’s arm (skin flora)

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6
Q

T or F: Antiseptic application is the same for blood donation and blood culture

A

True

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7
Q

T or F: Blood donation requires special training and exceptional venipuncture skills

A

True

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8
Q

These are facilities that provide blood products for transfusion purposes

A

Donor Blood Banks

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9
Q

Donor blood banks offer BTS which stands for?

A

Blood Transfusion Services

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10
Q

One blood donation could save up to how many lives?

A

3-4 lives

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11
Q

T or F: 2 units of blood can be separated into components for multiple purposes

A

False (1 unit)

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12
Q

T or F: Stab wounds are considered as natural disasters

A

False (man-made)

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13
Q

T or F: Accidents are considered as man-made disasters

A

False (natural)

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14
Q

T or F: Donors are screened to see if they are fit to donate

A

True

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15
Q

T or F: BP is not measured during donation

A

False (it is)

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16
Q

T or F: There must be a lenient process of donor selection to assess stability

A

False (rigorous)

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17
Q

T or F: Contamination of blood can come from external sources

A

True

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18
Q

Blood’s shelf life depends on what 2 substances used?

A

Anticoagulant and preservatives used

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19
Q

How much blood is to be collected in one standard bag?

A

450mL

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20
Q

T or F: Blood is considered safe if it was donated by a patient screened after the procedure

A

False

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21
Q

T or F: Donations must come from populations known to have low infection rates for blood-borne diseases

A

True

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22
Q

What type of document is used for donor selection?

A

Questionnaires

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23
Q

T or F: Paid donors are considered safe

A

False (preferably unpaid and voluntary)

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24
Q

T or F: If one has a history of IV drug use, they are not considered safe

A

True

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25
Q

T or F: Blood is transfused only upon the need for the patient’s health and well-being

A

True

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26
Q

T or F: You may transfuse additional elements in the blood to boost the recipient’s health

A

False (only exclusively transfuse the components needed, not the entire undivided unit of blood)

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27
Q

This type of donor donates blood of his own free will and receives no payment (in cash or gifts)

A

Voluntary or non-remunerated

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28
Q

This process involves donating blood voluntarily to be used by anyone in need (the donor and recipient are different)

A

Allogenic donation

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29
Q

This process refers to an individual who gives blood for his own use (e.g. elective surgeries, pre-surgical procedures, surgeries to be done in the future, etc.)

A

Autologous donation

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30
Q

T or F: All individuals are advised to undergo autologous donation

A

False

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31
Q

T or F: One must secure a written order from a physician before performing an autologous donation

A

True

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32
Q

In autologous donation, the donation process must be done for more than how many hours or days prior to the procedure?

A

72 hours or 3 days minimum

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33
Q

T or F: DO NOT donate if the surgery date for an autologous donation is 3 days away

A

True (cells must have time to regenerate prior to procedure)

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34
Q

T or F: In autologous donation, there is still a risk for disease transmission and incompatibility between blood products

A

False

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35
Q

This process refers to when a donor donates blood for the benefit of a particular person (when family and friends donate blood for a specific recipient)

A

Directed donation

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36
Q

People who perform directed donations are referred to as what?

A

“Family donors” or “Replacement blood donors”

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37
Q

This is the process of removing specific blood components (e.g. RBCs, platelets, etc.) and returning the remaining components to the donor

A

Apheresis

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38
Q

The actual donation process takes about how many minutes

A

5-10 minutes (6-10)

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39
Q

The entire donation process (from registration to post-donation refreshments) takes about how many minutes?

A

45-60 minutes

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40
Q

T or F: Donors should be generally healthy

A

True

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41
Q

At what age is a donor eligible to donate?

A

16 and above

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42
Q

16 and 17 year olds may donate but they must have a document known as?

A

Parent’s/Guardian’s consent

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43
Q

What is the weight qualification for donors?

A

110 pounds (50kg) and up

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44
Q

T or F: The weight classification is the same for men and women

A

False

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45
Q

T or F: Before donation, the patient must be adequately full to reduce syncope risks

A

True

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46
Q

T or F: You may proceed even if patient is hungry

A

False (make sure they come back after they eat)

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47
Q

T or F: Blood donation is allowed if the donor has given blood in the last 16 weeks

A

False

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48
Q

How many days should a donor wait before donating again?

A

56 days after initial donation

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49
Q

T or F: Cough, sore throat, and active cold sores can be excused in donation

A

False (grounds for deferral as it indicates infection)

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50
Q

Disease incubation is observed for how long?

A

1 year

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51
Q

T or F: Possible use of unsterile needles is a grounds for rejection

A

True

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52
Q

T or F: HIV testing is included in the screening tests for a minimal fee

A

False (free)

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53
Q

T or F: Screening also helps to identify if a donor is a sex worker or rape victim

A

true

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54
Q

T or F: Injection of illegal drugs 10 years prior can be considered eligible for donation now

A

False (presents a risk for usage of unsterile needles and can host diseases that are currently incubating)

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55
Q

This assesses the suitability of an individual to donate blood against a defined selection criteria

A

Donor selection

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56
Q

T or F: Health, lifestyle, and disease risk factor questions are kept confidential

A

True

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57
Q

This form assesses donor health and safety to reduce the risks of infection transmission

A

Donor questionnaire

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58
Q

T or F: The questionnaire must be available in local languages

A

True

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59
Q

T or F: Most people do not understand medical jargon hence assistance must be provided

A

True

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60
Q

This contains essential information like full name, date of birth, gender, address, and contact details

A

Donor registration form

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61
Q

First time donors will be given what as a record for their donations?

A

Card

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62
Q

T or F: Returning donors will get issued new cards every time they donate

A

False (returning donors just always need to bring their original card with them)

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63
Q

The donor card contains what important code as a reference number?

A

Unique donor number

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64
Q

T or F: The donor number must be attached to a donor questionnaire, primary blood collection bag, satellite bags, and blood sample tubes

A

True

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65
Q

T or F: The donor should confirm if they have any health issues and disease risk factors

A

True

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66
Q

This is to be performed briefly by a healthcare personnel/physicians and ensures that the donor has met the general donor requirements

A

Donor interview

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67
Q

T or F: Relevant travel information may or may not be included

A

False (should be included)

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68
Q

T or F: The blood group of the donor will be determined, if they don’t know, they are to be tested

A

True

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69
Q

This is also known as a short health exam

A

Physical examination

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70
Q

What is the normal pulse rate?

A

60-100 per minute

71
Q

What is the normal systolic pressure?

A

90-160

72
Q

What is the normal diastolic pressure?

A

60-100

73
Q

What is the normal hemoglobin level?

A

At least 125g/L

74
Q

T or F: Hemoglobin levels may be different for men and women

A

True

75
Q

What is the normal body temperature?

A

37 degrees Celsius (36.6 to 37.2)

76
Q

These analytes are tested to ensure that the blood iron levels are suitable for donation

A

Hemoglobin and hematocrit

77
Q

T or F: Some doctors perform additional tests with the donor after the physical examination

A

True

78
Q

A short briefing on the procedure will be given by who?

A

Health personnel

79
Q

This kit will be used to draw blood from the vein in the donor’s arm

A

Donation kit

80
Q

T or F: Patients who experienced adverse effects were more likely to return

A

False

81
Q

T or F: Donor should remain standing before leaving the room to ensure that there is no dizziness

A

False (sitting)

82
Q

What are the 2 most common donor reactions post-procedure?

A

Vasovagal syncope and hematomas

83
Q

How many minutes should the donor stay seated after the procedure?

A

10-15 minutes

84
Q

T or F: Pressure is common to rise after the procedure due to blood loss

A

False (drop)

85
Q

What drink is advised to give to the patient prior to the procedure?

A

Water

86
Q

The donor must increase fluid intake for the next how many hours?

A

24-48

87
Q

T or F: The donor should engage in strenuous physical exertion after the procedure

A

False

88
Q

Avoid heavy lifting or pulling with the donation arm for about how many hours?

A

5

89
Q

Avoid smoking or drinking alcohol for the next how many hours after procedure?

A

24

90
Q

What to do if the donor is feeling light-headed?

A

Lie down

91
Q

What to do if bleeding occurs after bandage removal?

A

Apply pressure and raise the arm for 3-5 minutes

92
Q

What to do if there is a hematoma?

A

Apply a cold pack periodically for the first 24 hours then warm with moist heat intermittently

93
Q

Refers to the non-acceptance of a potential blood donor to donate blood or blood components

A

Donor deferral

94
Q

How many months is a woman temporarily deferred from donating after pregnancy or termination?

A

6 months

95
Q

T or F: You may accept a donor if there are no signs of intoxication

A

True

96
Q

How many months is someone deferred for after getting a tattoo or piercing?

A

12 months (target the incubation period of certain diseases)

97
Q

Until when is a patient of minor surgery temporarily deferred?

A

Until treatment is complete and successful

98
Q

Until when is a patient of major surgery temporarily deferred?

A

12 months

99
Q

Until when is a patient of a neurosurgical procedure deferred?

A

Permanently

100
Q

T or F: Cancer is a grounds for permanent deferral

A

True

101
Q

T or F: Cardiac disease is a grounds for permanent deferral

A

True

102
Q

T or F: Hepatitis A is a grounds for permanent deferral

A

False (B and C)

103
Q

T or F: HIV, AIDS, and STDs are grounds for permanent deferral

A

True

104
Q

T or F: Lung disease is a grounds for temporary deferral

A

False

105
Q

T or F: Sex workers are permanently deferred

A

True

106
Q

T or F: Unexplained weight loss of more than 3kg over 6 months is a grounds for permanent deferral

A

False (5kg over 6 months)

107
Q

Refers to a decision made by a potential donor to defer themselves from donation

A

Self-deferral

108
Q

T or F: Men who have had sexual contact with other men are deferred permanently

A

True

109
Q

T or F: Anyone who has received clotting factor concentrates are deferred temporarily

A

False (permanently)

110
Q

T or F: Assemble everything needed for the procedure ahead of time

A

True

111
Q

Blood bank refrigerators are kept at what temperature range?

A

2-6 degrees Celsius

112
Q

T or F: Furniture and equipment must be made of cleanable surfaces (e.g. fabric)

A

False (vinyl)

113
Q

T or F: Containers for transport should be cleanable by disinfectants like hypochlorite bleach solutions

A

True

114
Q

T or F: Fabric or textile carriers should be hand-washable

A

False (machine-washable)

115
Q

This is a closed collection system with a sterile blood collection bag containing anticoagulants attached with a tube and needle

A

Collection unit

116
Q

T or F: All blood bags include diversion pouches with clamps to minimize contamination from skin flora and core

A

False (some)

117
Q

How much mL does the diversion pouch collect initially?

A

20

118
Q

T or F: Diversion pouches can be used directly to obtain blood for testing (e.g. cross matching)

A

True

119
Q

A single blood bag is used for what specimen?

A

Whole blood

120
Q

A double blood bag is used for what specimen?

A

For RBCs and plasma

121
Q

A triple blood bag is used for what specimen?

A

RBCs, plasma, and platelets

122
Q

This specimen contains RBCs, WBCs, and platelets all suspended in plasma

A

Whole blood

123
Q

Whole blood can last up to how many days depending on the anticoagulant?

A

35

124
Q

CPD means?

A

Citrate-phosphate-dextrose

125
Q

CPDA 1 means?

A

Citrate-phosphate-dextrose plus adenine

126
Q

This anticoagulant prevents clotting by chelating calcium

A

Citrate

127
Q

This compound stabilizes the pH

A

Phosphate

128
Q

This substance provides energy to the cells

A

Dextrose

129
Q

This compound improves ATP synthesis in stored blood which prolongs its storage

A

Adenine

130
Q

This blood component carries oxygen and can treat anemia

A

RBCs

131
Q

RBCs are refrigerated for a maximum of how many days depending on the anticoagulant?

A

42

132
Q

RBCs can be frozen for how many years?

A

10

133
Q

This blood component controls bleeding and is used in patients with leukemia and other forms of cancer

A

Platelets

134
Q

If platelets are to be kept at room temperature, how many days can it last?

A

Maximum of 5

135
Q

This blood component controls bleeding due to low levels of some clotting factors

A

Fresh frozen plasma

136
Q

Fresh frozen plasma can be frozen for how long

A

1 year

137
Q

T or F: The waiting area should be outside of the collection area

A

True

138
Q

T or F: Floors of the collection area must be carpeted

A

False (should not)

139
Q

What is the preferred site for blood donation?

A

Antecubital fossa

140
Q

T or F: Small and thin veins are grounds for deferral

A

True

141
Q

What needle gauge is used for donation?

A

16-18 gauge

142
Q

What pressure must a BP cuff be on as an alternative to a tourniquet?

A

40-60mmHg

143
Q

How much alcohol should be used in cleaning the hands?

A

3mL

144
Q

T or F: The one step procedure for antisepsis is preferred than the two step procedure

A

True

145
Q

What antiseptic is used for the one step procedure?

A

Combination of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol

146
Q

How many minutes is the cleaning of the site in the one step procedure?

A

1 minute

147
Q

How many seconds should the site be air dried?

A

30

148
Q

The two-step cleaning procedure is done if what disinfectant is unavailable?

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol

149
Q

How many minutes is the two-step cleaning procedure done?

A

2 minutes

150
Q

What substances are used to clean using the two-step method?

A

70% isopropyl alcohol and a tincture of iodine or 2% chlorhexidine

151
Q

Step 1of the 2-step cleaning procedure involves using what kind of alcohol?

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

152
Q

How many seconds must the alcohol be administered in the 2-step procedure?

A

30 seconds

153
Q

T or F: A tincture of iodine is more effective than povidone iodine

A

True

154
Q

How many seconds should iodine be administered in the cleaning procedure?

A

60

155
Q

How many seconds should 2% chlorhexidine be administered in the 2-step procedure?

A

30

156
Q

At what angle must the needle be inserted in the vein?

A

30 or less

157
Q

T or F: Release the tourniquet once blood has been collected after withdrawing the needle

A

False (before)

158
Q

T or F: The blood bag should be lower than the arm

A

True (to induce blood flow due to gravity)

159
Q

Warn the donor to not bend their arm in order to avoid what condition?

A

Hematoma

160
Q

T or F: You cut off the blood bag post-procedure

A

False (the needle)

161
Q

Ask the donor to open and close their fist every how many seconds during the procedure?

A

10-12 seconds

162
Q

T or F: Remove the tourniquet once blood flow is established or after 5 minutes

A

False (2 minutes)

163
Q

This is referred to when there is complaints of feeling faint

A

Pallor

164
Q

A change in blood flow indicates what?

A

Needle movement in the vein—needs to be repositioned

165
Q

The blood must be gently mixed with the anticoagulant in the bag every how many seconds?

A

30 seconds

166
Q

What tool should be placed below the needle or a plastic stopper to stop bleeding?

A

Hemostat

167
Q

Blood to be tested for donor unit laboratory testing is placed in what containers?

A

Evacuated tubes

168
Q

Collected units are to be transferred to what type of containers?

A

Leak-proof storage containers

169
Q

Whole blood should be kept at what temperature?

A

Refrigerator temperature

170
Q

Multiple tubes are to be placed in what equipment to prevent breakage?

A

Rack or padded holder

171
Q

T or F: The mixing of anticoagulant can be manual or continuous mechanical mixing

A

True

172
Q

T or F: 450mL is the full volume of the blood bag

A

False (500mL is the full volume INCLUDING the anticoagulants, but only 450mL will be for the blood)

173
Q

T or F: Only one needle puncture can be used to fill a unit

A

True

174
Q

T or F: If the unit is partially filled and requires repetition, you may use the same bag again

A

False (an entire new unit must be used; discard the partially filled one)

PMLS 2 (16 decks)

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