(F) Lesson 3.1: Blood Donor Phlebotomy Flashcards
Process of collection, testing, preparation, and storage of blood from volunteer donors
Blood donation
What body fluid is used for transfusion purposes?
Blood
Amounts are referred to as what?
Units
T or F: 1 bag is 0.5 units
False (1:1)
What is the main site for acquiring contamination infections during blood donation?
Patient’s arm (skin flora)
T or F: Antiseptic application is the same for blood donation and blood culture
True
T or F: Blood donation requires special training and exceptional venipuncture skills
True
These are facilities that provide blood products for transfusion purposes
Donor Blood Banks
Donor blood banks offer BTS which stands for?
Blood Transfusion Services
One blood donation could save up to how many lives?
3-4 lives
T or F: 2 units of blood can be separated into components for multiple purposes
False (1 unit)
T or F: Stab wounds are considered as natural disasters
False (man-made)
T or F: Accidents are considered as man-made disasters
False (natural)
T or F: Donors are screened to see if they are fit to donate
True
T or F: BP is not measured during donation
False (it is)
T or F: There must be a lenient process of donor selection to assess stability
False (rigorous)
T or F: Contamination of blood can come from external sources
True
Blood’s shelf life depends on what 2 substances used?
Anticoagulant and preservatives used
How much blood is to be collected in one standard bag?
450mL
T or F: Blood is considered safe if it was donated by a patient screened after the procedure
False
T or F: Donations must come from populations known to have low infection rates for blood-borne diseases
True
What type of document is used for donor selection?
Questionnaires
T or F: Paid donors are considered safe
False (preferably unpaid and voluntary)
T or F: If one has a history of IV drug use, they are not considered safe
True
T or F: Blood is transfused only upon the need for the patient’s health and well-being
True
T or F: You may transfuse additional elements in the blood to boost the recipient’s health
False (only exclusively transfuse the components needed, not the entire undivided unit of blood)
This type of donor donates blood of his own free will and receives no payment (in cash or gifts)
Voluntary or non-remunerated
This process involves donating blood voluntarily to be used by anyone in need (the donor and recipient are different)
Allogenic donation
This process refers to an individual who gives blood for his own use (e.g. elective surgeries, pre-surgical procedures, surgeries to be done in the future, etc.)
Autologous donation
T or F: All individuals are advised to undergo autologous donation
False
T or F: One must secure a written order from a physician before performing an autologous donation
True
In autologous donation, the donation process must be done for more than how many hours or days prior to the procedure?
72 hours or 3 days minimum
T or F: DO NOT donate if the surgery date for an autologous donation is 3 days away
True (cells must have time to regenerate prior to procedure)
T or F: In autologous donation, there is still a risk for disease transmission and incompatibility between blood products
False
This process refers to when a donor donates blood for the benefit of a particular person (when family and friends donate blood for a specific recipient)
Directed donation
People who perform directed donations are referred to as what?
“Family donors” or “Replacement blood donors”
This is the process of removing specific blood components (e.g. RBCs, platelets, etc.) and returning the remaining components to the donor
Apheresis
The actual donation process takes about how many minutes
5-10 minutes (6-10)
The entire donation process (from registration to post-donation refreshments) takes about how many minutes?
45-60 minutes
T or F: Donors should be generally healthy
True
At what age is a donor eligible to donate?
16 and above
16 and 17 year olds may donate but they must have a document known as?
Parent’s/Guardian’s consent
What is the weight qualification for donors?
110 pounds (50kg) and up
T or F: The weight classification is the same for men and women
False
T or F: Before donation, the patient must be adequately full to reduce syncope risks
True
T or F: You may proceed even if patient is hungry
False (make sure they come back after they eat)
T or F: Blood donation is allowed if the donor has given blood in the last 16 weeks
False
How many days should a donor wait before donating again?
56 days after initial donation
T or F: Cough, sore throat, and active cold sores can be excused in donation
False (grounds for deferral as it indicates infection)
Disease incubation is observed for how long?
1 year
T or F: Possible use of unsterile needles is a grounds for rejection
True
T or F: HIV testing is included in the screening tests for a minimal fee
False (free)
T or F: Screening also helps to identify if a donor is a sex worker or rape victim
true
T or F: Injection of illegal drugs 10 years prior can be considered eligible for donation now
False (presents a risk for usage of unsterile needles and can host diseases that are currently incubating)
This assesses the suitability of an individual to donate blood against a defined selection criteria
Donor selection
T or F: Health, lifestyle, and disease risk factor questions are kept confidential
True
This form assesses donor health and safety to reduce the risks of infection transmission
Donor questionnaire
T or F: The questionnaire must be available in local languages
True
T or F: Most people do not understand medical jargon hence assistance must be provided
True
This contains essential information like full name, date of birth, gender, address, and contact details
Donor registration form
First time donors will be given what as a record for their donations?
Card
T or F: Returning donors will get issued new cards every time they donate
False (returning donors just always need to bring their original card with them)
The donor card contains what important code as a reference number?
Unique donor number
T or F: The donor number must be attached to a donor questionnaire, primary blood collection bag, satellite bags, and blood sample tubes
True
T or F: The donor should confirm if they have any health issues and disease risk factors
True
This is to be performed briefly by a healthcare personnel/physicians and ensures that the donor has met the general donor requirements
Donor interview
T or F: Relevant travel information may or may not be included
False (should be included)
T or F: The blood group of the donor will be determined, if they don’t know, they are to be tested
True
This is also known as a short health exam
Physical examination
What is the normal pulse rate?
60-100 per minute
What is the normal systolic pressure?
90-160
What is the normal diastolic pressure?
60-100
What is the normal hemoglobin level?
At least 125g/L
T or F: Hemoglobin levels may be different for men and women
True
What is the normal body temperature?
37 degrees Celsius (36.6 to 37.2)
These analytes are tested to ensure that the blood iron levels are suitable for donation
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
T or F: Some doctors perform additional tests with the donor after the physical examination
True
A short briefing on the procedure will be given by who?
Health personnel
This kit will be used to draw blood from the vein in the donor’s arm
Donation kit
T or F: Patients who experienced adverse effects were more likely to return
False
T or F: Donor should remain standing before leaving the room to ensure that there is no dizziness
False (sitting)
What are the 2 most common donor reactions post-procedure?
Vasovagal syncope and hematomas
How many minutes should the donor stay seated after the procedure?
10-15 minutes
T or F: Pressure is common to rise after the procedure due to blood loss
False (drop)
What drink is advised to give to the patient prior to the procedure?
Water
The donor must increase fluid intake for the next how many hours?
24-48
T or F: The donor should engage in strenuous physical exertion after the procedure
False
Avoid heavy lifting or pulling with the donation arm for about how many hours?
5
Avoid smoking or drinking alcohol for the next how many hours after procedure?
24
What to do if the donor is feeling light-headed?
Lie down
What to do if bleeding occurs after bandage removal?
Apply pressure and raise the arm for 3-5 minutes
What to do if there is a hematoma?
Apply a cold pack periodically for the first 24 hours then warm with moist heat intermittently
Refers to the non-acceptance of a potential blood donor to donate blood or blood components
Donor deferral
How many months is a woman temporarily deferred from donating after pregnancy or termination?
6 months
T or F: You may accept a donor if there are no signs of intoxication
True
How many months is someone deferred for after getting a tattoo or piercing?
12 months (target the incubation period of certain diseases)
Until when is a patient of minor surgery temporarily deferred?
Until treatment is complete and successful
Until when is a patient of major surgery temporarily deferred?
12 months
Until when is a patient of a neurosurgical procedure deferred?
Permanently
T or F: Cancer is a grounds for permanent deferral
True
T or F: Cardiac disease is a grounds for permanent deferral
True
T or F: Hepatitis A is a grounds for permanent deferral
False (B and C)
T or F: HIV, AIDS, and STDs are grounds for permanent deferral
True
T or F: Lung disease is a grounds for temporary deferral
False
T or F: Sex workers are permanently deferred
True
T or F: Unexplained weight loss of more than 3kg over 6 months is a grounds for permanent deferral
False (5kg over 6 months)
Refers to a decision made by a potential donor to defer themselves from donation
Self-deferral
T or F: Men who have had sexual contact with other men are deferred permanently
True
T or F: Anyone who has received clotting factor concentrates are deferred temporarily
False (permanently)
T or F: Assemble everything needed for the procedure ahead of time
True
Blood bank refrigerators are kept at what temperature range?
2-6 degrees Celsius
T or F: Furniture and equipment must be made of cleanable surfaces (e.g. fabric)
False (vinyl)
T or F: Containers for transport should be cleanable by disinfectants like hypochlorite bleach solutions
True
T or F: Fabric or textile carriers should be hand-washable
False (machine-washable)
This is a closed collection system with a sterile blood collection bag containing anticoagulants attached with a tube and needle
Collection unit
T or F: All blood bags include diversion pouches with clamps to minimize contamination from skin flora and core
False (some)
How much mL does the diversion pouch collect initially?
20
T or F: Diversion pouches can be used directly to obtain blood for testing (e.g. cross matching)
True
A single blood bag is used for what specimen?
Whole blood
A double blood bag is used for what specimen?
For RBCs and plasma
A triple blood bag is used for what specimen?
RBCs, plasma, and platelets
This specimen contains RBCs, WBCs, and platelets all suspended in plasma
Whole blood
Whole blood can last up to how many days depending on the anticoagulant?
35
CPD means?
Citrate-phosphate-dextrose
CPDA 1 means?
Citrate-phosphate-dextrose plus adenine
This anticoagulant prevents clotting by chelating calcium
Citrate
This compound stabilizes the pH
Phosphate
This substance provides energy to the cells
Dextrose
This compound improves ATP synthesis in stored blood which prolongs its storage
Adenine
This blood component carries oxygen and can treat anemia
RBCs
RBCs are refrigerated for a maximum of how many days depending on the anticoagulant?
42
RBCs can be frozen for how many years?
10
This blood component controls bleeding and is used in patients with leukemia and other forms of cancer
Platelets
If platelets are to be kept at room temperature, how many days can it last?
Maximum of 5
This blood component controls bleeding due to low levels of some clotting factors
Fresh frozen plasma
Fresh frozen plasma can be frozen for how long
1 year
T or F: The waiting area should be outside of the collection area
True
T or F: Floors of the collection area must be carpeted
False (should not)
What is the preferred site for blood donation?
Antecubital fossa
T or F: Small and thin veins are grounds for deferral
True
What needle gauge is used for donation?
16-18 gauge
What pressure must a BP cuff be on as an alternative to a tourniquet?
40-60mmHg
How much alcohol should be used in cleaning the hands?
3mL
T or F: The one step procedure for antisepsis is preferred than the two step procedure
True
What antiseptic is used for the one step procedure?
Combination of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol
How many minutes is the cleaning of the site in the one step procedure?
1 minute
How many seconds should the site be air dried?
30
The two-step cleaning procedure is done if what disinfectant is unavailable?
Chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol
How many minutes is the two-step cleaning procedure done?
2 minutes
What substances are used to clean using the two-step method?
70% isopropyl alcohol and a tincture of iodine or 2% chlorhexidine
Step 1of the 2-step cleaning procedure involves using what kind of alcohol?
70% isopropyl alcohol
How many seconds must the alcohol be administered in the 2-step procedure?
30 seconds
T or F: A tincture of iodine is more effective than povidone iodine
True
How many seconds should iodine be administered in the cleaning procedure?
60
How many seconds should 2% chlorhexidine be administered in the 2-step procedure?
30
At what angle must the needle be inserted in the vein?
30 or less
T or F: Release the tourniquet once blood has been collected after withdrawing the needle
False (before)
T or F: The blood bag should be lower than the arm
True (to induce blood flow due to gravity)
Warn the donor to not bend their arm in order to avoid what condition?
Hematoma
T or F: You cut off the blood bag post-procedure
False (the needle)
Ask the donor to open and close their fist every how many seconds during the procedure?
10-12 seconds
T or F: Remove the tourniquet once blood flow is established or after 5 minutes
False (2 minutes)
This is referred to when there is complaints of feeling faint
Pallor
A change in blood flow indicates what?
Needle movement in the vein—needs to be repositioned
The blood must be gently mixed with the anticoagulant in the bag every how many seconds?
30 seconds
What tool should be placed below the needle or a plastic stopper to stop bleeding?
Hemostat
Blood to be tested for donor unit laboratory testing is placed in what containers?
Evacuated tubes
Collected units are to be transferred to what type of containers?
Leak-proof storage containers
Whole blood should be kept at what temperature?
Refrigerator temperature
Multiple tubes are to be placed in what equipment to prevent breakage?
Rack or padded holder
T or F: The mixing of anticoagulant can be manual or continuous mechanical mixing
True
T or F: 450mL is the full volume of the blood bag
False (500mL is the full volume INCLUDING the anticoagulants, but only 450mL will be for the blood)
T or F: Only one needle puncture can be used to fill a unit
True
T or F: If the unit is partially filled and requires repetition, you may use the same bag again
False (an entire new unit must be used; discard the partially filled one)
