(F) Lesson 3.1: Blood Donor Phlebotomy Flashcards
1
Q
Process of collection, testing, preparation, and storage of blood from volunteer donors
A
Blood donation
2
Q
What body fluid is used for transfusion purposes?
A
Blood
3
Q
Amounts are referred to as what?
A
Units
4
Q
T or F: 1 bag is 0.5 units
A
False (1:1)
5
Q
What is the main site for acquiring contamination infections during blood donation?
A
Patient’s arm (skin flora)
6
Q
T or F: Antiseptic application is the same for blood donation and blood culture
A
True
7
Q
T or F: Blood donation requires special training and exceptional venipuncture skills
A
True
8
Q
These are facilities that provide blood products for transfusion purposes
A
Donor Blood Banks
9
Q
Donor blood banks offer BTS which stands for?
A
Blood Transfusion Services
10
Q
One blood donation could save up to how many lives?
A
3-4 lives
11
Q
T or F: 2 units of blood can be separated into components for multiple purposes
A
False (1 unit)
12
Q
T or F: Stab wounds are considered as natural disasters
A
False (man-made)
13
Q
T or F: Accidents are considered as man-made disasters
A
False (natural)
14
Q
T or F: Donors are screened to see if they are fit to donate
A
True
15
Q
T or F: BP is not measured during donation
A
False (it is)
16
Q
T or F: There must be a lenient process of donor selection to assess stability
A
False (rigorous)
17
Q
T or F: Contamination of blood can come from external sources
A
True
18
Q
Blood’s shelf life depends on what 2 substances used?
A
Anticoagulant and preservatives used
19
Q
How much blood is to be collected in one standard bag?
A
450mL
20
Q
T or F: Blood is considered safe if it was donated by a patient screened after the procedure
A
False
21
Q
T or F: Donations must come from populations known to have low infection rates for blood-borne diseases
A
True
22
Q
What type of document is used for donor selection?
A
Questionnaires
23
Q
T or F: Paid donors are considered safe
A
False (preferably unpaid and voluntary)
24
Q
T or F: If one has a history of IV drug use, they are not considered safe
A
True
25
T or F: Blood is transfused only upon the need for the patient’s health and well-being
True
26
T or F: You may transfuse additional elements in the blood to boost the recipient's health
False (only exclusively transfuse the components needed, not the entire undivided unit of blood)
27
This type of donor donates blood of his own free will and receives no payment (in cash or gifts)
Voluntary or non-remunerated
28
This process involves donating blood voluntarily to be used by anyone in need (the donor and recipient are different)
Allogenic donation
29
This process refers to an individual who gives blood for his own use (e.g. elective surgeries, pre-surgical procedures, surgeries to be done in the future, etc.)
Autologous donation
30
T or F: All individuals are advised to undergo autologous donation
False
31
T or F: One must secure a written order from a physician before performing an autologous donation
True
32
In autologous donation, the donation process must be done for more than how many hours or days prior to the procedure?
72 hours or 3 days minimum
33
T or F: DO NOT donate if the surgery date for an autologous donation is 3 days away
True (cells must have time to regenerate prior to procedure)
34
T or F: In autologous donation, there is still a risk for disease transmission and incompatibility between blood products
False
35
This process refers to when a donor donates blood for the benefit of a particular person (when family and friends donate blood for a specific recipient)
Directed donation
36
People who perform directed donations are referred to as what?
“Family donors” or “Replacement blood donors”
37
This is the process of removing specific blood components (e.g. RBCs, platelets, etc.) and returning the remaining components to the donor
Apheresis
38
The actual donation process takes about how many minutes
5-10 minutes (6-10)
39
The entire donation process (from registration to post-donation refreshments) takes about how many minutes?
45-60 minutes
40
T or F: Donors should be generally healthy
True
41
At what age is a donor eligible to donate?
16 and above
42
16 and 17 year olds may donate but they must have a document known as?
Parent's/Guardian's consent
43
What is the weight qualification for donors?
110 pounds (50kg) and up
44
T or F: The weight classification is the same for men and women
False
45
T or F: Before donation, the patient must be adequately full to reduce syncope risks
True
46
T or F: You may proceed even if patient is hungry
False (make sure they come back after they eat)
47
T or F: Blood donation is allowed if the donor has given blood in the last 16 weeks
False
48
How many days should a donor wait before donating again?
56 days after initial donation
49
T or F: Cough, sore throat, and active cold sores can be excused in donation
False (grounds for deferral as it indicates infection)
50
Disease incubation is observed for how long?
1 year
51
T or F: Possible use of unsterile needles is a grounds for rejection
True
52
T or F: HIV testing is included in the screening tests for a minimal fee
False (free)
53
T or F: Screening also helps to identify if a donor is a sex worker or rape victim
true
54
T or F: Injection of illegal drugs 10 years prior can be considered eligible for donation now
False (presents a risk for usage of unsterile needles and can host diseases that are currently incubating)
55
This assesses the suitability of an individual to donate blood against a defined selection criteria
Donor selection
56
T or F: Health, lifestyle, and disease risk factor questions are kept confidential
True
57
This form assesses donor health and safety to reduce the risks of infection transmission
Donor questionnaire
58
T or F: The questionnaire must be available in local languages
True
59
T or F: Most people do not understand medical jargon hence assistance must be provided
True
60
This contains essential information like full name, date of birth, gender, address, and contact details
Donor registration form
61
First time donors will be given what as a record for their donations?
Card
62
T or F: Returning donors will get issued new cards every time they donate
False (returning donors just always need to bring their original card with them)
63
The donor card contains what important code as a reference number?
Unique donor number
64
T or F: The donor number must be attached to a donor questionnaire, primary blood collection bag, satellite bags, and blood sample tubes
True
65
T or F: The donor should confirm if they have any health issues and disease risk factors
True
66
This is to be performed briefly by a healthcare personnel/physicians and ensures that the donor has met the general donor requirements
Donor interview
67
T or F: Relevant travel information may or may not be included
False (should be included)
68
T or F: The blood group of the donor will be determined, if they don't know, they are to be tested
True
69
This is also known as a short health exam
Physical examination
70
What is the normal pulse rate?
60-100 per minute
71
What is the normal systolic pressure?
90-160
72
What is the normal diastolic pressure?
60-100
73
What is the normal hemoglobin level?
At least 125g/L
74
T or F: Hemoglobin levels may be different for men and women
True
75
What is the normal body temperature?
37 degrees Celsius (36.6 to 37.2)
76
These analytes are tested to ensure that the blood iron levels are suitable for donation
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
77
T or F: Some doctors perform additional tests with the donor after the physical examination
True
78
A short briefing on the procedure will be given by who?
Health personnel
79
This kit will be used to draw blood from the vein in the donor’s arm
Donation kit
80
T or F: Patients who experienced adverse effects were more likely to return
False
81
T or F: Donor should remain standing before leaving the room to ensure that there is no dizziness
False (sitting)
82
What are the 2 most common donor reactions post-procedure?
Vasovagal syncope and hematomas
83
How many minutes should the donor stay seated after the procedure?
10-15 minutes
84
T or F: Pressure is common to rise after the procedure due to blood loss
False (drop)
85
What drink is advised to give to the patient prior to the procedure?
Water
86
The donor must increase fluid intake for the next how many hours?
24-48
87
T or F: The donor should engage in strenuous physical exertion after the procedure
False
88
Avoid heavy lifting or pulling with the donation arm for about how many hours?
5
89
Avoid smoking or drinking alcohol for the next how many hours after procedure?
24
90
What to do if the donor is feeling light-headed?
Lie down
91
What to do if bleeding occurs after bandage removal?
Apply pressure and raise the arm for 3-5 minutes
92
What to do if there is a hematoma?
Apply a cold pack periodically for the first 24 hours then warm with moist heat intermittently
93
Refers to the non-acceptance of a potential blood donor to donate blood or blood components
Donor deferral
94
How many months is a woman temporarily deferred from donating after pregnancy or termination?
6 months
95
T or F: You may accept a donor if there are no signs of intoxication
True
96
How many months is someone deferred for after getting a tattoo or piercing?
12 months (target the incubation period of certain diseases)
97
Until when is a patient of minor surgery temporarily deferred?
Until treatment is complete and successful
98
Until when is a patient of major surgery temporarily deferred?
12 months
99
Until when is a patient of a neurosurgical procedure deferred?
Permanently
100
T or F: Cancer is a grounds for permanent deferral
True
101
T or F: Cardiac disease is a grounds for permanent deferral
True
102
T or F: Hepatitis A is a grounds for permanent deferral
False (B and C)
103
T or F: HIV, AIDS, and STDs are grounds for permanent deferral
True
104
T or F: Lung disease is a grounds for temporary deferral
False
105
T or F: Sex workers are permanently deferred
True
106
T or F: Unexplained weight loss of more than 3kg over 6 months is a grounds for permanent deferral
False (5kg over 6 months)
107
Refers to a decision made by a potential donor to defer themselves from donation
Self-deferral
108
T or F: Men who have had sexual contact with other men are deferred permanently
True
109
T or F: Anyone who has received clotting factor concentrates are deferred temporarily
False (permanently)
110
T or F: Assemble everything needed for the procedure ahead of time
True
111
Blood bank refrigerators are kept at what temperature range?
2-6 degrees Celsius
112
T or F: Furniture and equipment must be made of cleanable surfaces (e.g. fabric)
False (vinyl)
113
T or F: Containers for transport should be cleanable by disinfectants like hypochlorite bleach solutions
True
114
T or F: Fabric or textile carriers should be hand-washable
False (machine-washable)
115
This is a closed collection system with a sterile blood collection bag containing anticoagulants attached with a tube and needle
Collection unit
116
T or F: All blood bags include diversion pouches with clamps to minimize contamination from skin flora and core
False (some)
117
How much mL does the diversion pouch collect initially?
20
118
T or F: Diversion pouches can be used directly to obtain blood for testing (e.g. cross matching)
True
119
A single blood bag is used for what specimen?
Whole blood
120
A double blood bag is used for what specimen?
For RBCs and plasma
121
A triple blood bag is used for what specimen?
RBCs, plasma, and platelets
122
This specimen contains RBCs, WBCs, and platelets all suspended in plasma
Whole blood
123
Whole blood can last up to how many days depending on the anticoagulant?
35
124
CPD means?
Citrate-phosphate-dextrose
125
CPDA 1 means?
Citrate-phosphate-dextrose plus adenine
126
This anticoagulant prevents clotting by chelating calcium
Citrate
127
This compound stabilizes the pH
Phosphate
128
This substance provides energy to the cells
Dextrose
129
This compound improves ATP synthesis in stored blood which prolongs its storage
Adenine
130
This blood component carries oxygen and can treat anemia
RBCs
131
RBCs are refrigerated for a maximum of how many days depending on the anticoagulant?
42
132
RBCs can be frozen for how many years?
10
133
This blood component controls bleeding and is used in patients with leukemia and other forms of cancer
Platelets
134
If platelets are to be kept at room temperature, how many days can it last?
Maximum of 5
135
This blood component controls bleeding due to low levels of some clotting factors
Fresh frozen plasma
136
Fresh frozen plasma can be frozen for how long
1 year
137
T or F: The waiting area should be outside of the collection area
True
138
T or F: Floors of the collection area must be carpeted
False (should not)
139
What is the preferred site for blood donation?
Antecubital fossa
140
T or F: Small and thin veins are grounds for deferral
True
141
What needle gauge is used for donation?
16-18 gauge
142
What pressure must a BP cuff be on as an alternative to a tourniquet?
40-60mmHg
143
How much alcohol should be used in cleaning the hands?
3mL
144
T or F: The one step procedure for antisepsis is preferred than the two step procedure
True
145
What antiseptic is used for the one step procedure?
Combination of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol
146
How many minutes is the cleaning of the site in the one step procedure?
1 minute
147
How many seconds should the site be air dried?
30
148
The two-step cleaning procedure is done if what disinfectant is unavailable?
Chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol
149
How many minutes is the two-step cleaning procedure done?
2 minutes
150
What substances are used to clean using the two-step method?
70% isopropyl alcohol and a tincture of iodine or 2% chlorhexidine
151
Step 1of the 2-step cleaning procedure involves using what kind of alcohol?
70% isopropyl alcohol
152
How many seconds must the alcohol be administered in the 2-step procedure?
30 seconds
153
T or F: A tincture of iodine is more effective than povidone iodine
True
154
How many seconds should iodine be administered in the cleaning procedure?
60
155
How many seconds should 2% chlorhexidine be administered in the 2-step procedure?
30
156
At what angle must the needle be inserted in the vein?
30 or less
157
T or F: Release the tourniquet once blood has been collected after withdrawing the needle
False (before)
158
T or F: The blood bag should be lower than the arm
True (to induce blood flow due to gravity)
159
Warn the donor to not bend their arm in order to avoid what condition?
Hematoma
160
T or F: You cut off the blood bag post-procedure
False (the needle)
161
Ask the donor to open and close their fist every how many seconds during the procedure?
10-12 seconds
162
T or F: Remove the tourniquet once blood flow is established or after 5 minutes
False (2 minutes)
163
This is referred to when there is complaints of feeling faint
Pallor
164
A change in blood flow indicates what?
Needle movement in the vein—needs to be repositioned
165
The blood must be gently mixed with the anticoagulant in the bag every how many seconds?
30 seconds
166
What tool should be placed below the needle or a plastic stopper to stop bleeding?
Hemostat
167
Blood to be tested for donor unit laboratory testing is placed in what containers?
Evacuated tubes
168
Collected units are to be transferred to what type of containers?
Leak-proof storage containers
169
Whole blood should be kept at what temperature?
Refrigerator temperature
170
Multiple tubes are to be placed in what equipment to prevent breakage?
Rack or padded holder
171
T or F: The mixing of anticoagulant can be manual or continuous mechanical mixing
True
172
T or F: 450mL is the full volume of the blood bag
False (500mL is the full volume INCLUDING the anticoagulants, but only 450mL will be for the blood)
173
T or F: Only one needle puncture can be used to fill a unit
True
174
T or F: If the unit is partially filled and requires repetition, you may use the same bag again
False (an entire new unit must be used; discard the partially filled one)
