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527 > Oxygen Transport > Flashcards

Oxygen Transport Flashcards

1
Q

goals of cardiopulmonary PT

A

reverse / mitigate insults to 02 transport

reduce need for med interventions

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2
Q

components of 02 transport

A

tissue, heart, airway/lungs

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3
Q

how is blood carried

A

plasma, or combined w hemoglobin (98%)

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4
Q

how many 02 molecules can hemoglobin transport

A

4

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5
Q

cooperative binding

A

hemoglobin affinity for 02 increases as is saturation increases

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6
Q

hemoglobin alternated by

A

P02
(dec in PH
increase in temp, Pc02, DPG)

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7
Q

what do these factors do to hemoglobin

A

decrease affinity , release more 02 to mm

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8
Q

Bohr effect

A

curve shifts right (increase in 02 unloading)

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9
Q

what makes less 02 rerelease, altering hemoglobin

A

inc PH

dec temp Pc02 DPG

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10
Q

if less 02 released which way curve

A

left

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11
Q

why big drop in pressure from 150 to 103 mmHg

A

pa02 is a balance between two forces
addition to 02 from ventilation
removal of 02 by blood flow

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12
Q

8 steps in 02 cascade

A 
inspire 02
airawwys
lungs
diffuse
perfuse
myocardial funciton 
peripheral circumstances
tissue extraction
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13
Q

inspire 02 effected by

A

geography (air quality)

altered CNS, efferent pathways

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14
Q

chronic irruption of lungs leads to

A

allergies, inflammation reactions

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15
Q

airway narrowing caused by

A

edema mucus lesions objects

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16
Q

obstructed airways ___ run compliance and airway resistance

A

increase

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17
Q

how is gas exchange compromised

A

time constraints

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18
Q

perfect lug would have what

A

equal alveolar ventilation and cardiac output

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19
Q

why can’t we have perfect lungs

A

gravity

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20
Q

are bases or top of lungs more perfused

A

base

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21
Q

starling effect (myocardial function )

A

blood to heart determined amount ejected

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22
Q

cardiac output determined by

A

aortic pressure needed to get over peripheral resistance

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23
Q

what regulated SBP ( peripheral circulation)

A

arterials

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24
Q

limiting factors to tissue extraction

A

quality / quantity of mitochondria
electron transport chain
myoglobin

25
Q

how to diagnose 02 transport limitations

A

determine steps in pathway
prioritize importance of steps in pathway
what can PT help
based on these, apply interventions

26
Q

threats to 02 transport in lungs

A

ineffective breathing pattern
airways clearnace
lung fluid
chest wall

27
Q

threats to 02 transport in blood

A

anemia

28
Q

threats to 02 by gas exchange

A

pulmonary edema

body position

29
Q

threats to 02 transport via mm

A

weak
fatigue
neuro mm disease
upper ab surgery

30
Q

threats to 02 via heart

A

dec venous return/ CO
conduction / mech defect
abnormal after load

31
Q

threats to 02 via systemic hemodynamics

A

BP

volume deficit/ excess

32
Q

threats to 02 vis tissue perfusion

A

impaired CO

low 02 in blood

33
Q

internveiton heir achy to manage 02 transport limitations

A 
mobilization/exericse
body posiion
breathing controsl
coughing maneouvers
energy conservation
ROM
psotural drainage
manual technique
suction
34
Q

why alveolar graph lower than ventricular

A

dead space in alveolar

35
Q

does respiratory system limit exercise

A

generally no its overbuilt for 02/co2 transport

in highly trained, yes limits (can’t adapt to exercise)

36
Q

Exercise induced arterial hypoxemia

A

venitilation / perfusion mismatching

arterio-venous shunting
(elite male endurance)

arterial 02 desaturation 3-4% below resting

37
Q

hypoventilation

A

alveolar ventilation below the rate needed to maintain blood gas levels

38
Q

inadequate compensatory hyperventilation

A

PaCo2 > 35mmHg

39
Q

another names for inadequate hyperventilatory compensation

A

alveolar hypoventilation

40
Q

mechanisms for inadequate hyper ventilatory compensation

A

blunted drive to breathe (reduce chemrsensitivity)

technical constraints (expiratory limitations)

41
Q

Removal of EFL via He02 breathing _____ VE, ____ PaC02, ____ pa02

A

increase
reduce
increase

42
Q

mechanisms for EIAH

A

perfusion mismatch (Va/Q)
arterio venous shunts
pulmonary cap disequilibrium

43
Q

inflow > outflow does what to Ca02

A

increase

44
Q

inflow < outflow does what to Ca02

A

decrease

45
Q

VaQ high is

A

inflow > outflow

46
Q

Va/Q low is

A

inflow < outflow

47
Q

types of arterio venous shunts

A

extra and intra pulmonary

48
Q

extra pulmonary shunt

A

deoxygenated blood bypasses lungs to left atrium

49
Q

What does extra pulmonary shunt do to Pa02, sa02, ca02

A

decrease

50
Q

does extra pulmonary shunt contribute to EIAH

A

unlikely

51
Q

intra pulmonary shunt

A

deoxy blood through lungs
doesn’t participate in pulmonary gas exhange
dilutes arterial blood

52
Q

whats intra pulmonary shunt do to pa02, sa02 ca02

A

decrease

53
Q

do intra pulmonary shunts affect gas exchange during exercise

A

minor role in exercise gas exchange

54
Q

determiants of alveolar cap diffusion disequilirbuim during exercise

A

decreased transit time of RBC in pulmonary caps

increased distance for diffusion

55
Q

diffusion limitations

A

Blood gas barrier

56
Q

function of blood gas barrier

A

pulmonary gas diffusion
withstand high cap wall stress with exercise

thin, strong

57
Q

Physiological consequences of EIAH

A

dec Pa02, sa02, 02 delivery

fatigue

58
Q

whens threshold of EIAH to influence exercise performance

A

when sa02 decreases 3-4% below resting

527 (18 decks)

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