Ovarian Phases

Question 1

under influences of pituitary hormones thee are 3 phases

Answer 1

ovarian phases

Question 2

o 5 to 8 follicles may be identified in each ovary
o Dominant follicle identified by day 8 and measures 10mm
o Follicle >11mm will most likely ovulate
o Grows linearly 2-3mm/day
o Max diameter between 15-30mm
o The presence of a cumulus oophorus= ovulation within 36hrs

Answer 2

follicular phase (days 1-14)

Question 3

o Ovulation occurs within 24-36 hrs after onset of LH surge

o Sono: ↓ in follicle size & free fluid in CDS

Answer 3

Ovulatory phase (day 14)

Question 4

o Graafian follicle ruptures and forms a corpus luteum which produces progesterone if implantation occurs, thus keeping secretory phase of endo (hCG levels ↑)
o If NO implantation corpus luteum regresses after 14 days
o Sono: complex/hemorrhagic cyst w/ hypervascular corpus luteum w/ low resistance flow

Answer 4

Luteal phase (day 15-28)

Question 5

1. FSH released by PIT gland to stimulate follicle growth
2. Follicles (25 mm max) in OVARY produce estrogen to stimulate ENDO growth
3. ↑ estrogen levels cause the release of LH (from PIT) to stimulate OVULATION
   - DAY 14 (ovulation)

Answer 5

Follicular phase (day1-14)

Question 6

4. Graafian follicle ruptures & becomes corpus luteum producing progesterone
5. IMPLANTATION 6. NO IMPLANTATION

↑ progesterone ↓ progesterone
↑ hCG endo sheds
NO shedding of endo

 

Answer 6

Luteal phase (day15-28)

Question 7

endo sheds during menstruation in 3 phases

Answer 7

Uterine phases

Question 8

• (Max AP 2mm)
• Superficial endo layer becomes ischemic, degenerates & sheds the basil layer.
• Bleeding is varied but typically begins with 12-24 hrs of heavy flow followed by scanty flow for 4-7 days
• ↑Thickened echogenic endo prior to start of menses
• Complex appearance @ beginning of menses
• Thin, irregular endo after shedding

Answer 8

Menstrual phase (days 1-5)

Question 9

• Max AP diameter 6-8mm
• Regrowth of endo in response to estrogen release by OV follicles
• Begins on 4th or 5th day after start of menses and lasts 10 days ending @ ovulation
• Early phase Sono= hypoechoic area around prominent ML echo
• Late phase Sono=↑ isoechoic endo

Answer 9

Proliferative phase (days6-14)

Question 10

• Max AP diameter up to 18mm
• Progesterone mediates enlarged endo becoming more vascular & edematous resulting in an echogenic functional layer
• Sono: hyperechoic endo with obscured ML and posterior enhancement

Answer 10

Secretory phase (days15-28)

Question 11

onset of menses between 11-14 years

Answer 11

Menarche

Question 12

termination of menses ages 45-55

Answer 12

Menopause

Question 13

Termination of menses prior to 40 years old

Answer 13

Premature menopause

Question 14

excessive bleeding during menstruation

Answer 14

Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)

Question 15

abnormally small amount of menstrual bleeding

Answer 15

Hypomenorrhea

Question 16

frequently bleeding less than 21 days apart

Answer 16

Polymenorrhea

Question 17

menstrual bleeding more than 35 days apart

Answer 17

Oligomenorrhea

Question 18

Irregular frequently bleeding

Answer 18

Metrrohagia

Question 19

bleeding irregular in frequency and volume

Answer 19

Menometrorrhagia

Question 20

Painful bleeding

Answer 20

Dysmenorrhea

Question 21

Absence of bleeding (either never had or started & stopped)

Answer 21

Amenorrhea