Ovarian Phases Flashcards
under influences of pituitary hormones thee are 3 phases
ovarian phases
o 5 to 8 follicles may be identified in each ovary
o Dominant follicle identified by day 8 and measures 10mm
o Follicle >11mm will most likely ovulate
o Grows linearly 2-3mm/day
o Max diameter between 15-30mm
o The presence of a cumulus oophorus= ovulation within 36hrs
follicular phase (days 1-14)
o Ovulation occurs within 24-36 hrs after onset of LH surge
o Sono: ↓ in follicle size & free fluid in CDS
Ovulatory phase (day 14)
o Graafian follicle ruptures and forms a corpus luteum which produces progesterone if implantation occurs, thus keeping secretory phase of endo (hCG levels ↑)
o If NO implantation corpus luteum regresses after 14 days
o Sono: complex/hemorrhagic cyst w/ hypervascular corpus luteum w/ low resistance flow
Luteal phase (day 15-28)
- FSH released by PIT gland to stimulate follicle growth
- Follicles (25 mm max) in OVARY produce estrogen to stimulate ENDO growth
- ↑ estrogen levels cause the release of LH (from PIT) to stimulate OVULATION
- DAY 14 (ovulation)
Follicular phase (day1-14)
- Graafian follicle ruptures & becomes corpus luteum producing progesterone
- IMPLANTATION 6. NO IMPLANTATION
↑ progesterone ↓ progesterone
↑ hCG endo sheds
NO shedding of endo
Luteal phase (day15-28)
endo sheds during menstruation in 3 phases
Uterine phases
- (Max AP 2mm)
- Superficial endo layer becomes ischemic, degenerates & sheds the basil layer.
- Bleeding is varied but typically begins with 12-24 hrs of heavy flow followed by scanty flow for 4-7 days
- ↑Thickened echogenic endo prior to start of menses
- Complex appearance @ beginning of menses
- Thin, irregular endo after shedding
Menstrual phase (days 1-5)
- Max AP diameter 6-8mm
- Regrowth of endo in response to estrogen release by OV follicles
- Begins on 4th or 5th day after start of menses and lasts 10 days ending @ ovulation
- Early phase Sono= hypoechoic area around prominent ML echo
- Late phase Sono=↑ isoechoic endo
Proliferative phase (days6-14)
- Max AP diameter up to 18mm
- Progesterone mediates enlarged endo becoming more vascular & edematous resulting in an echogenic functional layer
- Sono: hyperechoic endo with obscured ML and posterior enhancement
Secretory phase (days15-28)
onset of menses between 11-14 years
Menarche
termination of menses ages 45-55
Menopause
Termination of menses prior to 40 years old
Premature menopause
excessive bleeding during menstruation
Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
abnormally small amount of menstrual bleeding
Hypomenorrhea
frequently bleeding less than 21 days apart
Polymenorrhea
menstrual bleeding more than 35 days apart
Oligomenorrhea
Irregular frequently bleeding
Metrrohagia
bleeding irregular in frequency and volume
Menometrorrhagia
Painful bleeding
Dysmenorrhea
Absence of bleeding (either never had or started & stopped)
Amenorrhea
