Fetal Genitourinary system

Question 1

• Originate in pelvis and migrate superiorly
• Identified as early as 12-14 weeks
• Small amount of fluid in renal pelvis=normal finding
• AP renal pelvis ≥ 10mm is abnormal
• 2 renal arteries = rules out agenesis

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

Congenital absence of one or both kidneys

Answer 2

Renal agencies

Question 3

Very common, occurring in 1:1000 births

Answer 3

Unilateral

Question 4

Potters Syndrome
• Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA)
• Pulmonary HYPOplasia
• Facial Anomalies & small for dates
• Associated w/ other chromosomal abn, Cardio, Gastro, Skeletal, genitourinary
• S/S: OLIGO, non distended bladder “lying down adrenal glands”

Answer 4

Bilateral

Question 5

• Inherited disorder w/ BILATERAL renal cysts
• Kidneys will fail
• S/S: Large echogenic kidneys

Answer 5

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 6

• Collecting tubules are blocked…forming cysts up to 6cm in size.
• MCDK- usually UNI but can be BILATERAL
• S/S: Multiple peripheral cysts w/ possible OLIGO
** Solid Renal masses are rare but u must try to find origin- Kidney vs. Adrenal

Answer 6

Multicystic Dysplastic kidney

Question 7

• malignant tumor in adrenal gland, appears as echogenic suprarenal mass

Answer 7

Nueroblastoma

Question 8

LOWERPOLES are fused, assoc w/ genetic syndromes.

Answer 8

Horseshoe kidney

Question 9

• MC cause of neonatal hydronephrosis
• Congenital obstruction of urine from renal pelvis to ureter
• S/S: Dilated renal pelvis, possible OLIGO

Answer 9

Uteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJ)

Question 10

• LEAST common cause of hydro
• Occurs @ 3 levels
1. Ureteral duplication w/ ectopic ureterocele
▪ Duplicate ureter in upper pole enters bladder abn location causing ureterocele
2. Congenital/Obstructive megaloureter
3. UVJ stenosis
*****Ureterocele round cyst-like structure within the bladder

Answer 10

Ureterovesical Obstruction (UVJ)

Question 11

• M/C in male fetuses

Answer 11

Bladder outlet obstructions

Question 12

(PUV) Congenital folds of urethra act as valves and obstruct flow
▪ Can cause damage to kidneys, ureter and bladder
▪ S/S: “KEY HOLE” appearance of bladder, bilateral hydro and OLIGO

Answer 12

Posterior urethra valves

Question 13

Complete obstruction not compatible with life

Answer 13

Ureteral atresia

Question 14

rare malformation where gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts combine
single opening to perineum becomes obstructers and has poor prognosis `

Answer 14

Cloacal malformation

Question 15

dilated urinary bladder cases atrophy of abdominal wall

• most common cause is posterior uretherl valve
• associated with pulmonary hypoplasia & OLIGO

Answer 15

prune belly syndrome