Osteosarcoma Flashcards

1
Q

where do 75% of osteosarcomas occur?

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

what is the most common bone tumor in dogs?

A

osteosarcoma

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3
Q

does late spay/neuter decrease orthopedic disease?

A

yes- clearly

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4
Q

in which dog breeds are there heritable forms of osteosarcoma?

A

greyhounds
irish wolfhounds
scottish deerhounds

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5
Q

what value on bloodwork is associated with shorter survival with osteosarcoma?

A

elevated ALP

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6
Q

what is the most common site of metastasis of osteosarcoma?

A

lung

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7
Q

what location of osteosarcoma is associated with poorer prognosis?

A

humeral location

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8
Q

what does cytology of osteosarcoma look like?

A

characteristic large spindle cells with multinucleated large osteoclasts

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9
Q

what is the amputation done in the front?

A

forequarter amputation with removal of scapula

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10
Q

what is the adjunctive chemotherapy drug of choice?

A

carboplatin

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11
Q

who are limb spare surgeries reserved for?

A

dogs with severe orthopedic conditions

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12
Q

what is a concern with stereotactic radiosurgery?

A

pathologic fracture

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13
Q

what percentage of dogs will eventually develop metastasis?

A

90%

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14
Q

what is osteosarcoma in the ribs like?

A

very aggressive, highly metastatic
similar survival to long bone

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15
Q

what is osteosarcoma like in cats?

A

complete excision curative for most pets

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16
Q

when are dogs most susceptible to osteosarcoma?

A

1-3 years
8-10 years

17
Q

what is the cause of osteosarcoma likely related to?

A

genetics associated with breeds with a large skeletal frame

18
Q

what is the most common site of osteosarcoma?

A

distal radius

19
Q

what is codman’s triangle?

A

elevation of periosteum from new bone growth

20
Q

how large must metastases be to be detected with radiographs?

A

5 mm to 8 mm

21
Q

how long must surgery be delayed if you do a bone biopsy?

22
Q

what will osteosarcoma stain positive with?

A

ALP
high specificity for OSA

23
Q

what is median survival with amputation?

A

4-5 months

24
Q

what is surgery on a hindlimb osteosarcoma like?

A

amputation with high transection of femur
avoid femoral disarticulation
trauma to pelvis
loss of muscle to pad area- risk for decubital ulcers

25
why is cisplatin not used that much?
highly nephrotoxic
26
which location can limb spare surgery be used for?
only radial
27
what percentage of animals have improvement with palliative radiation therapy?
70% for 2-4 months
28
what do biphosphonates do?
destroys osteoclasts
29
do small dogs or large dogs do better with flat bone osteosarcoma?
small dogs
30
how common are bone tumors in cats?
rare