Mast Cell Tumors Flashcards
what is the mean age at presentation for mast cell tumors?
8-9 years
which breeds are at risk for low grade mast cell tumors?
bulldog descent
are most mast cell tumors easy to diagnose by cytology?
yes
do mast cell tumors spread to lungs in a nodular fashion?
no
what is surgery like for mast cell tumors?
2 cm margins
one fascial plane deep
what are some indicators of likely high-grade behavior?
rapid growth
ulceration
mucucutaneous location
inguinal or perineal location
where are H1 receptors located?
in the skin
what are chemotherapy drug options?
palladia
vinblastine
prednisone
what is the treatment of choice for feline cutaneous mast cell tumors?
surgery
what are mast cells like when they leave bone marrow?
immature
how long do mast cells live in the tissues?
40 days
what do mast cells contain that mediate local and systemic hypersensitivity?
histamine
heparin
cytokines: IL-6, TNF-alpha
chemokines
growth factors: VEGF, bFGF
what is the most common skin tumor of the dog?
cutaneous mast cell tumor
which dogs are at risk for high grade cutaneous mast cell tumors?
shar-pei
where do most mast cell tumors occur?
skin and subcutaneous
what is the treatment of choice for mast cell tumors?
surgery: 2 cm margins and one fascial plane deep
can mast cell tumors spread to the lymph nodes in the thorax?
yes
when should you do an abdominal ultrasound for mast cell tumors?
high grade
usually done after surgery, can be done before if suspect high grade
how should incisions be oriented?
follow along the tension lines of the skin
to decrease risk of dehiscence and prevent raised tissue at end of incision
tumors greater than _______ should use 2-cm skin margins on either side of the tumor with one fascial plane deep
1cm
should you mark margins of a tumor removal?
yes
not orange or red dye
what is the most consistent indicator of prognosis?
grade
what makes a tumor high grade with the kiupel grading system?
mitotic count >7
multinucleated cells >3
bizarre nuclei >3
karyomegaly >10%
is the kiupel or patnaik grading system more clear?
kiupel
what is survival for grade III/high cutaneous mast cell tumors?
3.5-7 months
when is camus cytologic grading not relevant?
low grade
is grade highly correlated with survival?
yes
is follow-up chemotherapy needed for high grade mast cell tumors?
yes
should you do an ultrasound with aspiration of the liver and spleen prior to surgery for a high grade mast cell tumor?
yes
where is tyrosine kinase receptor expressed?
surface of normal mast cells: high levels
KIT mutation
what should you use instead of diphenhydramine (low oral bioavailability)?
hydroxyzine
cetirizine
loratadine
what can you give for H2 receptors?
famotidine
omeprazole
what is radiation most useful for?
incompletely excised low-grade tumors
palliation of high-grade tumors
when is chemotherapy useful?
high grade tumors
visible metastatic disease
what does palladia do?
inhibits tyrosine kinase
specifically targets KIT mutation
what is stelfonta/tigilanol tiglate for?
treatment of cutaneous non-metastatic mast cell tumors
<10 cubic cm
what is intralesional triamcinolone?
long-acting corticosteroid injected directly into mast cell tumor
what is intralesional triamcinolone recommended for?
low grade tumors
who is overrepresented with feline mast cell tumors?
siamese breed
what usually happens with histiocytic feline cutaneous mast cell tumors?
spontaneously regress
when is there a poor prognosis with feline cutaneous mast cell tumors?
multiple lesions
pleomorphic phenotype
high mitotic count
survival still 500 days
do you need wide margins for surgery for feline cutaneous mast cell tumors?
no
how common is abdominal effusion with feline splenic mast cell tumors?
30%
how common are circulating mast cells with feline splenic mast cell tumors?
35%
what is survival for feline splenic mast cell tumors?
1600 days with splenectomy
780 days without
who usually gets feline intestinal mast cell tumors?
older cats
