Orthopedic Diseases of Young Dogs Flashcards
who usually gets OCD?
large and giant breed dogs
what radiographic findings are typical of OCD?
flattening of subchondral bone or caudal humeral head
saucer-shaped radiolucent area
why is arthroscopic management of OCD of the proximal humerus technically difficult?
overlying muscle mass
what is the prognosis of OCD of the proximal humerus?
good to excellent for normal function
most sound in 4-8 weeks
when are clinical signs of elbow dysplasia seen?
5-7 months of age
can you feel crepitus with elbow dysplasia?
yes: not that much muscle to obscure
what is the indication for surgery for elbow dysplasia?
persistent lameness
when does the anconeal process fuse?
13 weeks
when is removal of the ununited anconeal process perfromed?
if anatomic reduction is not possible
what is OC?
disturbance of endochondral ossification
OCD is manifestation of
what is the pathophysiology of OCD?
loss of chondrocytes
cleft formation
vertical fissures develop
communicate with joint
formation of a cartilage flap
what induces joint inflammation in OCD?
cartilage degradation products reach synovial fluid
does OC cause clinical signs before a loose flap forms (OCD)?
no
what can be found on physical exam to suggest OCD?
crepitus/swelling seldom evident
extreme extension of shoulder elicits pain
extreme flexion may elicit pain
muscle atrophy
is OCD bilateral or unilateral?
initially unilateral lameness
commonly bilateral
from what view is OCD not visiblee?
cranio-caudal view
what does the defect fill with in OCD after surgery?
fibrocartilage
how long should a dog rest after OCD surgery?
4-6 weeks
what is elbow dysplasia?
primary incongruity between humerus, radius, ulna
what are the main types of canine elbow dysplasia?
fragmented medial coronoid process of ulna
ununited anconeal process of ulna
osteochondritis dissecans of the medial humeral condyle
what develops over time with canine elbow dysplasia?
periarticular osteophytes and soft-tissue fibrosis
which breeds frequently get elbow dysplasia?
labrador retrievers
rottweilers
bernese mountain dogs
newfoundlands
golden retrievers
german shepherds
chows
what is found on physical exam with canine elbow dysplasia?
crepitus
joint effusion and periarticular soft-tissue thickening
pain with manipulation of joint and palpation of medial coronoid process
what views should you take to check for canine elbow dysplasia?
lateral and AP views
flexed lateral exposed anconeal process
is canine elbow dysplasia commonly bilateral?
yes
what can be seen on radiography with canine elbow dysplasia?
blunting or indistinct coronoid
osteophytosis of the radial head
earliest finding is anconeal osteophytosis
later subtrochlear sclerosis
periarticular osteophytosis
does surgery halt the progression of DJD in canine elbow dysplasia?
no
what is the prognosis of canine elbow dysplasia with surgery?
50% no lameness
30% intermittent lameness
20% no improvement
is arthrotomy or arthroscopy better for canine elbow dysplasia?
arthroscopy
what causes an ununited anconeal process?
incongruous growth of radius and ulna
long radius pushes condyle against anconeal process
what does removal of the ununited anconeal process result in?
instability and osteoarthritis
who does dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy for ununited anconeal process have good results in?
6-12 months of age
