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A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery II > Luxations > Flashcards

Luxations Flashcards

1
Q

what can stifle luxation involve?

A

cranial cruciate ligament
caudal cruciate ligament
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament

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2
Q

what can cause a medial shoulder luxation?

A

trauma
some breeds have congenital shoulder luxation

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3
Q

how can you surgically stabilize a medial shoulder luxation?

A

medial transfer of biceps brachii tendon

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4
Q

what would indicate the medial collateral is disrupted in a lateral elbow luxation?

A

antebrachium can be supinated to 140 degrees

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5
Q

what is the most common luxation in dogs and cats?

A

coxofemoral luxation

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6
Q

what is the primary stabilizer of the coxofemoral joint?

A

joint capsule

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7
Q

what are the contraindications to a closed reduction of a coxofemoral luxation?

A

hip dysplasia
acetabular or femoral fracture

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8
Q

what sling is used for coxofemoral luxation?

A

modified ehmer sling

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9
Q

when should an open reduction of a coxofemoral luxation be performed?

A

luxated head does not seat well in acetabulum
hip has reluxated after closed reduction
hip has been chronically luxated
fractures are present

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10
Q

what are the indications for extra-capsular prosthesis for coxofemoral luxation?

A

nonrepairable capsule tears
persistennt instability

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11
Q

what do repair methods of a stifle luxation include?

A

primary ligamentous repair
screw and washer fixation
prosthetic ligament

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12
Q

what does varus instability in stifle luxation repair indicate?

A

lateral collateral ligament laxity

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13
Q

what can cause medial shoulder luxation?

A

trauma
congenital: small and toy breeds

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14
Q

how can you identify a medial shoulder luxation on physical exam?

A

greater tubercle palpated medial to normal position
limb carried in flexion with foot rotated outward

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15
Q

what is conservative management of a medial shoulder luxation?

A

reduction and placement in velpeau sling for 2-3 weeks

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16
Q

what are salvage procedures for medial shoulder luxation?

A

excision arthroplasty of humeral head or glenoid
shoulder arthrodesis

17
Q

what are most traumatic elbow luxations like?

A

lateral
due to large medial epicondylar crest

18
Q

how does an animal with a traumatic elbow luxation carry its arm?

A

abducted, externally rotated, in slight flexion

19
Q

how is a closed reduction of a traumatic elbow luxation achieved?

A

general anesthesia
flexion: hook anconeal process in the olecranon fossa and use it for leverage
extend: abduct antebrachium, internally rotate, press laterally on radial head

20
Q

elbow: normally supination is limited to ______________ and pronation is limited to ______________

A

40-45 degrees
60-70 degrees

21
Q

what would indicate the lateral collateral ligament is disrupted in the elbow?

A

antebrachium can be pronated to 140 degrees

22
Q

what splint is used for traumatic elbow luxations?

A

spika splint

23
Q

what is the most common type of coxofemoral luxation?

A

craniodorsal due to strong pull of gluteal musculature

24
Q

how can you tell on physical exam that a coxofemoral luxation is present?

A

greater trochanter dorsally displaced relative to ilium, ischium, and opposite trochanter
negative “thumb test”
hind limb length disparity
maybe crepitus

25
Q

what open surgical options are there for a coxofemoral luxation?

A

toggle pin
dorsal capsular prosthesis
femoral head osteotomy
total hip replacement
capsulorraphy

26
Q

what are the complications of a toggle pin for coxofemoral luxation?

A

loosening or breakage of prosthesis
reluxation

27
Q

what is the main complication of capsulorraphy for coxofemoral luxation?

A

reluxation

28
Q

what is the reluxation rate for extra-capsular prosthesis for coxofemoral luxation?

A

7%

29
Q

what are complications of a devita pin for coxofemoral luxation?

A

sciatic nerve injury
pin migration
pin-tract drainage
injury to femoral head
septic arthritis

30
Q

what are the complication of a transarticular pin for coxofemoral luxation?

A

rectal perforation
pin migration
pin breakage

A. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery II (27 decks)

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