Luxations Flashcards

1
Q

what can stifle luxation involve?

A

cranial cruciate ligament
caudal cruciate ligament
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament

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2
Q

what can cause a medial shoulder luxation?

A

trauma
some breeds have congenital shoulder luxation

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3
Q

how can you surgically stabilize a medial shoulder luxation?

A

medial transfer of biceps brachii tendon

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4
Q

what would indicate the medial collateral is disrupted in a lateral elbow luxation?

A

antebrachium can be supinated to 140 degrees

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5
Q

what is the most common luxation in dogs and cats?

A

coxofemoral luxation

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6
Q

what is the primary stabilizer of the coxofemoral joint?

A

joint capsule

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7
Q

what are the contraindications to a closed reduction of a coxofemoral luxation?

A

hip dysplasia
acetabular or femoral fracture

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8
Q

what sling is used for coxofemoral luxation?

A

modified ehmer sling

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9
Q

when should an open reduction of a coxofemoral luxation be performed?

A

luxated head does not seat well in acetabulum
hip has reluxated after closed reduction
hip has been chronically luxated
fractures are present

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10
Q

what are the indications for extra-capsular prosthesis for coxofemoral luxation?

A

nonrepairable capsule tears
persistennt instability

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11
Q

what do repair methods of a stifle luxation include?

A

primary ligamentous repair
screw and washer fixation
prosthetic ligament

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12
Q

what does varus instability in stifle luxation repair indicate?

A

lateral collateral ligament laxity

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13
Q

what can cause medial shoulder luxation?

A

trauma
congenital: small and toy breeds

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14
Q

how can you identify a medial shoulder luxation on physical exam?

A

greater tubercle palpated medial to normal position
limb carried in flexion with foot rotated outward

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15
Q

what is conservative management of a medial shoulder luxation?

A

reduction and placement in velpeau sling for 2-3 weeks

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16
Q

what are salvage procedures for medial shoulder luxation?

A

excision arthroplasty of humeral head or glenoid
shoulder arthrodesis

17
Q

what are most traumatic elbow luxations like?

A

lateral
due to large medial epicondylar crest

18
Q

how does an animal with a traumatic elbow luxation carry its arm?

A

abducted, externally rotated, in slight flexion

19
Q

how is a closed reduction of a traumatic elbow luxation achieved?

A

general anesthesia
flexion: hook anconeal process in the olecranon fossa and use it for leverage
extend: abduct antebrachium, internally rotate, press laterally on radial head

20
Q

elbow: normally supination is limited to ______________ and pronation is limited to ______________

A

40-45 degrees
60-70 degrees

21
Q

what would indicate the lateral collateral ligament is disrupted in the elbow?

A

antebrachium can be pronated to 140 degrees

22
Q

what splint is used for traumatic elbow luxations?

A

spika splint

23
Q

what is the most common type of coxofemoral luxation?

A

craniodorsal due to strong pull of gluteal musculature

24
Q

how can you tell on physical exam that a coxofemoral luxation is present?

A

greater trochanter dorsally displaced relative to ilium, ischium, and opposite trochanter
negative “thumb test”
hind limb length disparity
maybe crepitus

25
what open surgical options are there for a coxofemoral luxation?
toggle pin dorsal capsular prosthesis femoral head osteotomy total hip replacement capsulorraphy
26
what are the complications of a toggle pin for coxofemoral luxation?
loosening or breakage of prosthesis reluxation
27
what is the main complication of capsulorraphy for coxofemoral luxation?
reluxation
28
what is the reluxation rate for extra-capsular prosthesis for coxofemoral luxation?
7%
29
what are complications of a devita pin for coxofemoral luxation?
sciatic nerve injury pin migration pin-tract drainage injury to femoral head septic arthritis
30
what are the complication of a transarticular pin for coxofemoral luxation?
rectal perforation pin migration pin breakage