Luxations Flashcards
what can stifle luxation involve?
cranial cruciate ligament
caudal cruciate ligament
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament
what can cause a medial shoulder luxation?
trauma
some breeds have congenital shoulder luxation
how can you surgically stabilize a medial shoulder luxation?
medial transfer of biceps brachii tendon
what would indicate the medial collateral is disrupted in a lateral elbow luxation?
antebrachium can be supinated to 140 degrees
what is the most common luxation in dogs and cats?
coxofemoral luxation
what is the primary stabilizer of the coxofemoral joint?
joint capsule
what are the contraindications to a closed reduction of a coxofemoral luxation?
hip dysplasia
acetabular or femoral fracture
what sling is used for coxofemoral luxation?
modified ehmer sling
when should an open reduction of a coxofemoral luxation be performed?
luxated head does not seat well in acetabulum
hip has reluxated after closed reduction
hip has been chronically luxated
fractures are present
what are the indications for extra-capsular prosthesis for coxofemoral luxation?
nonrepairable capsule tears
persistennt instability
what do repair methods of a stifle luxation include?
primary ligamentous repair
screw and washer fixation
prosthetic ligament
what does varus instability in stifle luxation repair indicate?
lateral collateral ligament laxity
what can cause medial shoulder luxation?
trauma
congenital: small and toy breeds
how can you identify a medial shoulder luxation on physical exam?
greater tubercle palpated medial to normal position
limb carried in flexion with foot rotated outward
what is conservative management of a medial shoulder luxation?
reduction and placement in velpeau sling for 2-3 weeks
what are salvage procedures for medial shoulder luxation?
excision arthroplasty of humeral head or glenoid
shoulder arthrodesis
what are most traumatic elbow luxations like?
lateral
due to large medial epicondylar crest
how does an animal with a traumatic elbow luxation carry its arm?
abducted, externally rotated, in slight flexion
how is a closed reduction of a traumatic elbow luxation achieved?
general anesthesia
flexion: hook anconeal process in the olecranon fossa and use it for leverage
extend: abduct antebrachium, internally rotate, press laterally on radial head
elbow: normally supination is limited to ______________ and pronation is limited to ______________
40-45 degrees
60-70 degrees
what would indicate the lateral collateral ligament is disrupted in the elbow?
antebrachium can be pronated to 140 degrees
what splint is used for traumatic elbow luxations?
spika splint
what is the most common type of coxofemoral luxation?
craniodorsal due to strong pull of gluteal musculature
how can you tell on physical exam that a coxofemoral luxation is present?
greater trochanter dorsally displaced relative to ilium, ischium, and opposite trochanter
negative “thumb test”
hind limb length disparity
maybe crepitus
what open surgical options are there for a coxofemoral luxation?
toggle pin
dorsal capsular prosthesis
femoral head osteotomy
total hip replacement
capsulorraphy
what are the complications of a toggle pin for coxofemoral luxation?
loosening or breakage of prosthesis
reluxation
what is the main complication of capsulorraphy for coxofemoral luxation?
reluxation
what is the reluxation rate for extra-capsular prosthesis for coxofemoral luxation?
7%
what are complications of a devita pin for coxofemoral luxation?
sciatic nerve injury
pin migration
pin-tract drainage
injury to femoral head
septic arthritis
what are the complication of a transarticular pin for coxofemoral luxation?
rectal perforation
pin migration
pin breakage
