Osteology of the Shoulder girdle

Question 1

Shoulder girdle

Answer 1

Scapula
Humerus
Clavicle

Question 2

Clavicle articulations

Answer 2

Acromioclavicular articulations (Acromion of scapula)
Sternoclavicular joint (sternum and cartilage of the 1st rib)

Question 3

Clavicle

Answer 3

Lateral end is flat (Acromial end).
Medial end is cylinder (sternal end)
Shaft elongated and and curved.

Question 4

Costal tuberosity

Answer 4

Medial and inferior on the clavicle.
Rough surface.
Attachment: costoclavicular ligament.

Question 5

Conoid tubercle

Answer 5

Inferior, lateral on the shaft of the clavicle.

Attachment: conoid ligament.

Question 6

Trapezoid line

Answer 6

Inferior, laterally from the conoid tubercle to the acromial facet of the clavicle.
Attachment: trapezoid ligament.

Question 7

Subscapular fossa

Answer 7

Almost the whole anterior part of scapula, except from coracoid process and below it.
Slightly concave depression.
Attachment: subscapularis muscle.

Question 8

Superior and Inferior angles of scapula

Answer 8

Superior
- Attachment: levator scapulae muscle
Inferior
- Attachment: latissimus dorsi muscle

Question 9

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Answer 9

Above the spine of the scapula.
Depression.
Attachment: supraspinatus muscle.

Question 10

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Answer 10

Below the spine of the scapula.
Broad depression.
Attachment: infraspinatus muscle.

Question 11

Spine of scapula

Answer 11

From upper half of medial border (the root of the spine), to the acromion process.
At the T3 level.
Attachments: deltoideus, trapezius muscles.

Question 12

Medial border of scapula

Answer 12

From superior to inferior angle.
Longest border.
Attachments: rhomboideus, serratus anterior, supra/infraspinatus muscles.

Question 13

Lateral border of scapula

Answer 13

From lower margin of glenoid cavity to inferior angle.
Thickest.
Attachments: teres major/minor muscles, long head of triceps, brachii tendon.

Question 14

Superior border of scapula

Answer 14

From superior angle to glenoid cavity.

Suprascapular notch → nerve.

Question 15

Acromion

Answer 15

Lateral end of the spine of scapula.
Articulates with the clavicle.
Posterior to the coracoid process.

Question 16

Glenoid Cavity (Fossa)

Answer 16

Articulates with the humeral head, labrum.

On the lateral, superior end, next to coronoid process.

Question 17

Coracoid process

Answer 17

Superior, lateral end, anterior to the acromion.

Attachment: pectoralis minor, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis.

Question 18

Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Answer 18

Just above the glenoid fossa.

Attachment: long head of biceps brachii tendon.

Question 19

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Answer 19

Just below the glenoid fossa.

Attachment: long head of triceps brachii tendon.

Question 20

Surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 20

Narrowest part of the shaft.
Prone to fractures.
Below the tubercles and the anatomical neck.

Question 21

Anatomical neck of the humerus

Answer 21

Below the head of the humerus.
Thin.
Attachment: articular capsule.

Question 22

Greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 22

Posterolateral prominence.

Attachments: supra/infraspinatus + teres minor muscles.

Question 23

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Answer 23

Anterior prominence.

Attachments: tendon of the subscapularis muscle.

Question 24

Lateral crest of the bicipital groove

Answer 24

Vertical ridge.

Attachment: transverse humeral lig. + pectoralis major.

Question 25

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove

Answer 25

Between the 2 tubercles

Maintains the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii.

Question 26

Medial crest of the bicipital groove

Answer 26

Vertical ridge.

Attachment: transverse humeral ligament + Teres major + Latissimus Dorsi.

Question 27

Deltoid tuberosity

Answer 27

Rough area.
Lateral side of the middle of the shaft.
Attachment: deltoid muscle.

Question 28

Radial (spiral) groove

Answer 28

Radial nerve Sulcus.
Depression.
Posterior side of the shaft, superior middle part of shaft.
Contains: radial nerve.
Delimits origins of lat. and med. heads of the triceps brachii.

Question 29

Trochlea of the humerus

Answer 29

Depressed part of the medial condyle, underneath.
From coronoid to olecranon fossa.
Articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

Question 30

Capitulum of the humerus

Answer 30

Rounded part of the lateral condyle, underneath.

Articulates with the head of the radius.

Question 31

Olecranon fossa

Answer 31

Triangular depression on the middle, distal, posterior part.
Receives the olecranon in elbow extension.
Separated from coronoid fossa by very thin fibrocartilage.

Question 32

Ulnar nerve sulcus

Answer 32

Posterior part of the medial epicondyle.

Painful when hitting.

Question 33

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Answer 33

Prominence, lateral, distal.

Attachments : radial collat. lig. + common extensor tendons.

Question 34

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Answer 34

Bigger prominence than lateral. Medial, distal.

Attachments : ulnar collat. lig. + common flexor tendons.

Question 35

Radial fossa of the humerus

Answer 35

Above the capitulum, anterior, lateral.

Receives the head of the radius in elbow flexion.

Question 36

Coronoid fossa

Answer 36

Above the Trochlea, anterior, medial.
Receives the coronoid process in elbow flexion.
Separated from olecranon by very thin fibrocartilage.