Myology - Intro Flashcards
Name the types of muscles.
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Unvoluntary.
Controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Striated, contractile proteins.
Smooth muscle
Hallow organs, vessels and respiratory system.
Unvoluntary.
Not striated, contractile proteins scattered and much less than the others.
Skeletal muscle
Striated. Voluntary. Everywhere where there is bone. Very strong rapid contractions. Musculotendinous junctions.
Musculotendinous junctions
The connection between a muscle and it’s tendons.
Where force is transmitted between the two tissues.
Connective tissue
Wrapping support.
Protect and separate portions of muscle and whole muscles.
- Endomysium (surrounds muscle fibers)
- Perimysium (surrounds fascicles)
- Epimysium (surrounds bundles of fascicles) converges to form a tendon.
The layers work together to help transmit force while protecting the muscle fibers from damage.
What are the two major divisions of fiber arrangements?
Parallel and pennate
Parallel fiber orientation
Equal length of muscle fibers that do not intersect. 3 types: - Fusiform - Circular - Triangular
Fusiform (parallel fiber orientation)
Line of action runs in a straight line between the attachment points. Bicep brachii.
Circular (parallel fiber orientation)
Contracts and closes passages or relaxes and opens them.
Mouth or anus.
Triangular (parallel fiber orientation)
Broad base, converge to a single point.
Pectoralis major.
Pennate fiber orientation
Feather shaped with shorter muscle fibers intersecting a central tendon. 3 types: - Unipennate - Bipennate - Multipennate
Unipennate (fiber orientation)
Muscle fibers run from one side of a central tendon.
Extensor digitorum longus.
Bipennate (fiber orientation)
Muscle fibers run obliquely (á ská) along both sides of a central tendon.
Rectus femoris.
Multipennate (fiber orientation)
Multiple tendons with oblique muscle fibers on both sides.
Deltoids.
