Anatromy - Intro Flashcards
Anatomical position
- Upright position.
- Upper limbs next to trunk.
- Palms facing forward.
- Feet parallel.
Reference used for human movement analysis and goniometric measurement.
Axial skeleton
- Head (cranium and face)
- Neck
- Trunk (chest (thorax), abdomen, pelvis)
Appendicular skeleton
Upper limb - Shoulder girdle - Free upper limb Lower limb - Pelvic girdle - Free lower limb
Cranium
Part of skull protecting the brain.
Thorax
Rib cage.
Clavicle
Collar bone.
Scapula
Wing.
Arm
Upper part, humerus.
Forearm
Radius
Ulna (closer to the trunk in anatomical position)
Leg
From knee to ankle
Fibula (lateral)
Tibia (medial)
Sagittal (anteroposterior) plane
Splits you in right side and left side. Frontal horizontal axis Flexion and extension. From sagittal plane body parts can be: Anterior/Posterior Ventral/Dorsal Palmar-Plantar/Dorsal
Frontal (lateral) plane
Divides the body in left and right, cuts the body through from anterior through to posterior. Sagittal horizontal axis. Abduction and adduction. From sagittal plane body parts can be: Medial/Lateral Internal/External Cranial/Caudal Proximal/Distal Superior/Inferior Interior/Exterior
Horizontal (transverse) plane
Superior and inferior.
Vertical axis.
Rotation (internal/external, medial/lateral)
Rotation of the forearm (pronation/supination) NOT wrist
Inversion/Eversion
Axis
Axis of a plane is always perpendicular to it’s plane.
Ventral/Dorsal
Same as anterior/posterior.
Palmar-Plantar/Dorsal
Palmar is palm
Plantar is underneath foot
Dorsal is on top of foot/hand
Cranial/Caudal
movement going closer to head /
movement going further away from head
Interior/Exterior
More inwards/more outwards
Measure of depth
Flexion/Extension
Bringing a segment closer to another /
further away from another
Abduction/adduction
Segment going away from central line /
segment going closer to central line
Wrist/hip/shoulder
Lateral flexion to left/right
Trunk movement
bending upper body to left/right
Lateral flexion to left/right
Trunk movement
bending upper body to left/right
Inversion/eversion
Foot turns inward/foot turns outward
Pronation/supination
Rotation forearm so palm faces down /
Rotation forearm so palm faces up
Radial deviation/ulnar deviation
Wrist movement.
Hand moving closer to the radius / hand moving closer to ulna
Frontal plane
Sinister/Dexter
Left/Right
Circumduction
Movement in all planes. Triaxial movement.
Valgus stress
Joint goes medially (limb goes laterally).
Varus stress
Joint goes laterally (limb goes medially)