Osteology of the Hip and Pelvis Flashcards
Pelvic girdle
Just the coxal bone
Pelvic ring
Coxal bone + sacrum
Coxal bone
Hip bone or innominate bone. Formed by fusion of 3 bones: - Ilium: Largest, most superior. - Pubis: Anterior, inferior. - Ischium: Posterior, inferior.
Acetabulum
Socket of hip bone
Deep cup shaped hemi-spherical cavity
Lateral aspect of the hip bone
Cavity of the acetabulum faces obliquely forward,
outward, and downward
Upper part is ilium, anterior part pubis and posterior part ischium.
Anterior border of ilium
From ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) down to the acetabulum.
Posterior border of ilium
From PSIS to the upper end of the posterior border of ischium.
Attachments on the ilium
Medial surface: iliacus
Lateral side: Gluteal muscles
Iliotibial tract
Attachments on the ASIS
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Tensor fascia lata
Attachments on the AIIS
Rectus femoris
Attachments on the Iliac crest
Outer lip: external oblique, latissimus dorsi muscles, fascia lata.
Inner lip: transversus abdominis, erector spinae, quadratus muscle.
Pubis
• Contributes to anterior portion of the acetabulum
• Forms the anterior boundary of the obturator foramen
• Consists of:
- Body of the pubis
- Superior ramus
- Inferior ramus
Attachments on the pubic tubercle
Medial end of inguinal ligament
Cremaster muscle
Attachments on the pubic crest
Transversus abdominis
External oblique
Pyramidalis
Attachments on the pectineal line
Pectineus
Ischium
• Contributes to posterior portion of the acetabulum
• Forms the posterior boundary of the obturator foramen
• Consists of:
- Ischial body
- Ischial ramus
Attachments on the ischial tuberosity
Hamstrings Quadratus femoris Inferior gemellus Adductor magnus Sacro-tuberous ligament
Acetabular margin
LABRUM:
- Fibrocartilaginous rim structure.
- Functions to deepen the acetabulum to enable better
holding of the femoral head.
- Extends across this acetabular notch as the transverse
acetabular ligament.
- Converts acetabular notch into a foramen through which the
nutrient vessels enter the joint.
Obturator foramen
Large gap in the hip bone
• Antero-inferior to the acetabulum between the ischium and
the pubis
• In males: large and oval
• In females: triangular
• Obturator membrane is attached to its margins, except at
the obturator groove for the passage of the obturator
vessels and nerves
The femur
Longest and strongest bone in the skeleton • The upper extremity: - Head - Neck - Greater trochanter - Lesser trochanter
The head of the femur
Covered with hyaline cartilage.
Articulates with the acetabulum.
Incomplete sphere.
Foeva Capitis
Small hole in the center of the head of femur.
Origin of ligamentum teres: Increases the stability of the
hip joint with other ligaments.
Femoral neck
Common site of injury.
Highly vascular area which is why a fracture can be quite serious, because it can starve the femoral head of blood supply leading to necrosis.
Attachments on the greater trochanter
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Obturator internus Gemelli superior and inferior
Attachments on the lesser trochanter
Psoas major
Iliacus
