Arthrology - Intro

Question 1

Articulation

Answer 1

Connection between two bones

Question 2

Classification of articulations

Answer 2

Tissue of bone or mobility

Question 3

Synarthroses

Answer 3

Static rigid articulation. No movement/mobility.
4 Types: 
- Syndesmoses
- Synostoses
- Sutures
- Gomphoses

Question 4

Syndesmoses

Answer 4

A type of synarthroses.
Fibrous, reduced mobility.
For arm/leg.

Question 5

Synostoses

Answer 5

A type of synarthroses.
Bony fusion, no mobility.
Sacrum.

Question 6

Sutures

Answer 6

A type of synarthroses.
Fibrous, no mobility.
Skull.

Question 7

Gomphoses

Answer 7

A type of synarthroses.
Fibrous, no mobility.
Teeth.

Question 8

Amphiarthroses

Answer 8

Limited mobility, not voluntary, moves because you something else.
2 types:
- Synchondroses
- Symphyses

Question 9

Synchondroses

Answer 9

Type of Amphiarthroses.
Cartilage, reduced mobility.
Growth plate in long bone.
Between sternum and costae (ribs).

Question 10

Symphyses

Answer 10

Type of Amphiarthroses.
Fibrocartilage, reduced mobility.
Symphysis pubica (between pubic bones)

Question 11

Diarthroses (Synovial)

Answer 11

Can produce quantifiable movement.
Has synovial fluid inside (for better movement).
Highly mobile.
Different shapes resulting in different movements.
- Uniplanar
- Biplanar
- Triplanar

Question 12

Uniplanar synovial joint

Answer 12

Movements on one plane only.
Hinge joint:
Humeroulnar joint - Flexion/extension. Sagittal plane, frontal axis.
Interphalangeal joints - same

Pivot joint:
One bone is a pivot, fixed bone, and the other is moving around it.
Radioulnar joint - Pronation/supination. Horizontal plane, vertical axis.

Question 13

Biplanar synovial joint

Answer 13

Movement in 2 planes.
Flexion/extension (Sagittal plane) +
abduction/adduction (frontal plane)

Ellipsoidal articulation - Radiocarpal joint

Saddle articulation - carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (slight rotation). Sternoclavicular joint.

Question 14

Triplanar synovial joint

Answer 14

Movement in 3 planes.
Flexion/extension (sagittal plane) +
Abduction/adduction (frontal plane) +
Internal/external rotation (horizontal plane)

Spheroidal joint (ball and socket)

• Glenohumeral joint (shoulder) unstable
• Acetabulofemoral joint (hip joint) stable

Question 15

Synovial joint components

Answer 15

Articular cartilage.
Synovial membrane (synovial fluid in joint cavity).
Joint capsule (most exterior, final layer of protection).
Ligaments (outside the articulation, except knee, hip).
Muscles and tendons.
Meniscus, articular discs, labrum (present in some synovial articulations).

Question 16

How do muscles and tendons attribute to articulations?

Answer 16

Muscle: structure that generates force to produce movement.
Tendons transmit the force from the muscle to the bone. Some are very important to guarantee stabilization to articulations (like shoulder).

Question 17

How can muscle contractions promote joint stability? EXAM

Answer 17

Some muscle contractions bring bones closer together, therefore stabilizing the articulation. Help the ligaments.
Proximation of the two bones.

Question 18

What is the function of a ligament?

Answer 18

Ligaments hold bones together and stabilize them. Control the amount of movement between the bones.

Question 19

Do all articulations have a synovial membrane?

Answer 19

No. Some articulations don’t move at all so no lubrication needed.

Question 20

Which type of articulation is usually more mobile, synarthroses or amphiarthroses?

Answer 20

Amphiarthroses.

Synarthroses does not move (almost always) while amphiarthroses has involuntary movements.

Question 21

What are the most mobile articulations of the human body?

Answer 21

Synovial articulations. Spheroidal joint (Ball and socket) has movement in all 3 planes.

Question 22

In terms of movement, what is the difference between an ellipsoidal and saddle joint?

Answer 22

Both biplanar. Saddle joint can produce a slight rotation.