Arthrology of the knee joint

Question 1

Patellofemoral joint

Answer 1

Patella - Femur

On the anterior distal part of the femur.

Question 2

Tibiofemoral joint

Answer 2

Between the femur and the tibia.

Question 3

Menisci

Answer 3

On tibiofemoral joint.
Crescent shaped.
Fibrocartilaginous structure.
Shock absorption and distribute load evenly.
Intracapsular.
Susceptible to injury during twisting movements.
Medial menisci more circular and larger uneven hole in the middle.
Lateral menisci D-shaped with smaller hole in the middle.

Question 4

Tibiofemoral ligaments

Answer 4

MCL: Medial Collateral Ligament
LCL: Lateral Collateral Ligament
PCL: Posterior Cruciate Ligament
ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament 
Popliteal Ligaments

Question 5

Medial Collateral Ligament

Answer 5

Origin: Medial femoral condyle
Insertion: Medial tibial condyle and meniscus, medial surface of the capsule and tibial shaft.
Function: Stability of the knee in the frontal plane: resists valgus stress(knee rotating inside).

Question 6

Other structures of the medial tibiofemoral joint

Answer 6

Muscles (sartorius and gracilis)
Bursa
Nerves (saphenous and medial cutaneous)

Question 7

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Answer 7

Origin: Lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: fibular head
Function: Limits varus stress (knee rotating out)

Question 8

Other structures of the lateral tibiofemoral joint

Answer 8

ITB and fascia
Fat pad
Biceps femoris tendon(posterior-lateral)
Vastus lateralis muscle

Question 9

ITB Iliotibial band

Answer 9

ITB is a fibrous fascial connection.
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia and iliac tubercle (iliac crest).
Insertion: Gerdy’s tubercle.
Function: Transmission of force from gluteals for extension, abduction and lateral rotation.

Question 10

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 10

Origin: Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia.
Insertion: Posterior and medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur.
Function: Prevents excessive anterior displacement
of the tibia on the femur.

Question 11

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 11

Origin: Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia.
Insertion: Anterior and lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur.
Function: Prevents excessive posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur.

Question 12

Popliteal ligaments

Answer 12

Anterior.
- Arcuate (shaped like a bow)
Origin: Fibular head.
Insertion: Lateral condyle of the femur; and fused
with the oblique popliteal ligament.
- Oblique (á ská)
Origin: Medial condyle of the tibia and shaft.
Insertion: Lateral condyle of the femur.

Question 13

Patellofemoral joint

Answer 13

Between patella and trochlear groove.
The patella has facets (lateral and medial) which lie distally and contact the trochlear groove.
Efficient mechanism for the quadriceps to
extend the tibiofemoral joint.