Osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is osteoarthritis?
Progressive and irreversible loss of joint cartilage
How does osteoarthritis cause joint failure?
OA breaks down the articular cartilage and osteophyte formation
Causing joint inflammation and pain
The etiology of osteoarthritis may not be clear, but what are some common associations?
Biomechanics Age Weight Occupation Recreational activities Genetics (joint specific)
What are some joint commonly affected by osteoarthritis?
Cervical and lumbosacral Spine Hip Knee 1st MTP Hands (DIP, 1st CMC)
What joints are typically spared from osteoarthritis?
Wrist
Elbow
Knee
What are some common risk factors associated with osteoarthritis?
Systemic
Intrinsic
Use (loading)
What race is more susceptible to osteoarthritis of the hip?
whites
What race has an increased occurrence of hip osteoarthritis due to a higher occurrence of congenital hip dysplasia?
japanese
What race is more susceptible to knee osteoarthritis?
blacks (esp women)
What is the most significant predictor of incidence and progression of osteoarthritis?
weight
What are the common signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Pain
- Aching to severe
- Localized to radiating
- Affects sleeping
Stiffness lasting
What physical exam findings would be present in a patient with osteoarthritis?
TTP
Joint effusion
+/- deformity
Knees
- genu varum vs genu valgum
Hands
- Heberden nodes (DIP) and Bouchard nodes (PIP)
Crepitus
Antalgic gait
Decreased ROM
Muscle atrophy
Where are heberden nodes located?
DIP: distal interphalangeal joint
Where are bouchard nodes located?
PIP: proximal interphalangeal joint
What diagnostic test would you order in a patient with suspected osteoarthritis?
Plain Films
- Joint space narrowing
- Osteophytes
- Subchondral bone sclerosis
