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Phase 3b/finals > Orthopaedics 2 > Flashcards

Orthopaedics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Erb’s palsy, which nerves?

A

C5-C6

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2
Q

Humeral neck fracture may damage which nerve?

A

Axillary

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3
Q

Medial epicondyle fracture damages which nerve?

A

Ulnar

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4
Q

Motor component of femoral nerve

A

Knee extension, thigh flexion

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5
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

damage to the:

  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • medial collateral ligament
  • meniscus
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6
Q

Twisting injury is most likely to damage the…

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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7
Q

Dashboard injury is most likely to damage the…

A

posterior cruciate ligament

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8
Q

Skiing injusries are most likely to tear what in the knee

A

medial collateral ligament

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9
Q

Motor component of the femoral nerve

A

knee extension, thigh flexion

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10
Q

Motor component of the obturator nerve

A

thigh adduction

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11
Q

What areas does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?

A

Later and posterior surface of the thigh

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12
Q

What areas does the femoral nerve supply sensation to?

A

anterior and medial aspect of the thigh

lower leg

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13
Q

Motor component of the tibial nerve

A

plantarflexion and inversion of the foot

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14
Q

Sensory innervation from tibial nerve?

A

Sole of foot

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15
Q

Posterior knee dislocation may damage which nerve

A

tibial nerve

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16
Q

anterior hip dislocation may damage which nerve?

A

obturator nerve

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17
Q

hip and pelvic fractures or stab wounds may damage which nerve?

A

femoral nerve

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18
Q

Motor innervation of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

hip abduction

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19
Q

Positive trendelenburg sign shows injury to which nerve?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

Motor component of the common peroneal nerve

A

dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

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21
Q

Injury to which nerve causes foot drop?

A

Common Peroneal Nerve

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22
Q

Injury to which nerve causes wrist drop?

A

Radial nerve

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23
Q

A winged scapula is a result of damage to the…

A

Long thoracic nerve

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24
Q

Fractured neck of humerus damages the…

A

Axillary nerve

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25
Q

Claw hand following medial epicondyle fracuter?

A

Ulnar nerve

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26
Q

Hip extension and lateral rotation.. which nerve?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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27
Q

Claw hand and hyperextended wrist occur as a result to injury of…

A

Lower trunk of brachial plexus: C8-T1

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28
Q

What nerve may be damaged during a masectomy

A

long thoracic nerve

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29
Q

If frax score is >10% what do you do?

A

Arrange a DEXA scan

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30
Q

Short externally rotated hip indicates

A

hip fracture

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31
Q

Internally rotated thigh indicates

A

Hip dislocation

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32
Q

What test is positive if there is a meniscal tear?

A

Thessaly’s test

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33
Q

Classic sign of a hip fracture

A

short externally rotated leg

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34
Q

Management of displaced hip fracture in young and fit

A

reduction and internal fixation

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35
Q

management of displaced hip fracture in older/reduced mobility

A

hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement

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36
Q

management of extracapsular hip fracture

A

dynamic hip screw

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37
Q

How would you get colle’s fracture?

A

Falling onto outstretched hand

38
Q

What is colle’s fracture?

A

transverse fracture of the radius

39
Q

What kind of fracture would you get if you fell backwards onto outstretched hands?

A

Smith’s fracture

40
Q

If you punch someone with a bent thumb what fracture do you get?

A

Benett’s fracture

41
Q

1st line treatment for lower back pain

A

NSAIDs

42
Q

Advice for lower back pain

A

exercise, self management

43
Q

Who should be assessed for risk of fragility fracture?

A

Women > 65

Men > 75

44
Q

risk factors for achiles tendonitis

A 
quinolone use (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
hypercholeserolaemi
45
Q

How to diagnose achiles tendon rupture

A

simmond’s triad

46
Q

what is in simmond’s triad of tests

A

calf squeeze
angle of detonation
gap

47
Q

investigation of avascular necrosis of the hip

A

MRI

48
Q

Describe the typical presentation in syringomyelia

A

Patient with loss of pain and temp sensation on the neck and arms

49
Q

Which tracts are affected in syringomyelia?

A

spinothalamic

50
Q

What does the hand look like in COlle’s fracture?

A

Dinner fork deformity

51
Q

How is spinal stenosis diagnosed?

A

MRI

52
Q

lower back pain which is worse on walking?

A

Spinal stenosis

53
Q

Weakness in knee extension, loss of the patella reflex, numbness of the thigh?

A

Damaged femoral nerve

54
Q

Weakness in knee flexion and foot movements, pain and numbness from gluteal region to ankle

A

sciatic nerve damage

55
Q

Weakness in hip adduction, numbness over the medial thigh

A

obturator nerve damage

56
Q

What muscle wastes in carpal tunnel

A

thenar eminence

57
Q

Extracapsular hip fracture treatment

A

dynamic hip screw

58
Q

old age, reduced mobility, displaced intracapsular fracture

A

hemiarthoplasty

59
Q

most common cuase of osteomelitis

A

staph aureus

60
Q

teenage girl with pain walking up and down stairs

A

chondromalacia patellae

61
Q

sporty teen with tenderness over the tibial tubercle

A

osgood-schlatter disease

62
Q

Which nerve may be damaged in posterior hip dislocatino?

A

Sciatic nerve

63
Q

Where does the common peroneal nerve branch from?

A

Sciatic nerve

64
Q

What movement is especially impaired in frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis?

A

External rotation

65
Q

Most common fractures causing comparntment syndrome>?

A

supracondylar fractures and tibial shaft injuries

66
Q

comparntment syndrom X ray finding

A

nothing

67
Q

treatment of compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

68
Q

who is not suitable for total hip replacements?

A

patients with decreased mobility

69
Q

Describe Monteggia’s fracture

A

fractured ulna

dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint

70
Q

describe geleazzi’s fracture

A

radial fracture with distal radioulnar joint dislocattion

71
Q

Red flags for lower back pain

A
  • Middle of spine
  • previous cancer
  • <20, >50 years
  • pain at night
  • history of trauma
  • systemically unwell
72
Q

most common site of osteomyelitis in children

A

metaphysis

73
Q

most common site of osteomyelitis in adults

A

epiphysis

74
Q

treatment of osteomyelitis

A

6 weeks flucloxacillin

75
Q

Describe Garden classification of NOF fractures

A
  1. Partial fracture
  2. Full fracture, no displacement
  3. Full fracture, some displacement
  4. Full fracture, fully displaced
76
Q

Gradual swelling of the knee after injury indicates…

A

meniscal injury

77
Q

Rapid joint swelling of the knee after injury indicates…

A

anterior/posterior cruciate ligament

78
Q

X ray sign of supraspinatus tendonitis

A

calcification of supraspinatus tendon (small dot next to humeral head)

79
Q

classic symptom of supraspinatus tendonitis

A

painful arc

80
Q

what innervates the triceps (nerve and root)

A

radial, C7

81
Q

What is exacerbated by walking on tiptoes?

A

plantar fasciitis

82
Q

where is plantar fasciitis most painful?

A

Medial calcaneal tuberosity

83
Q

What nerve may be damaged in anterior shoulder dislocatioun?

A

Axillary

84
Q

Initial sign of compartment syndromeq

A

pain on passive stretching

85
Q

shortened and internally rotated leg following trauma indicates

A

posterior dislocation of the hip

86
Q

analgesia for hip fracture

A

iliofascial nerve block

87
Q

the median nerve passes through the

A

flexor retinaculum

88
Q

which imaging is best for meniscal tears

A

MRI

89
Q

imaging of choice for osteomyelitis

A

MRI

90
Q

triad of fat embolism syndrome

A

hypoxaemia
neurological abnormalities
petichial rash

91
Q

L5 radiculopathy gives

A

weakness of hip abduction

foot drop

92
Q

What deformity may be seen on X-ray in someone with repeated anterior shoulder dislcations

A

Hill-Sachs deformity

Phase 3b/finals (19 decks)

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