Dermatology Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most aggressive form of malignant melanoma?
A
Nodular melanoma
2
Q
Most common type of melanoma?
A
superficial spreading
3
Q
Who is most likely to get eczema herpeticum?
A
Children with a history of eczema
4
Q
What causes eczema herpeticum?
A
HSV 1 or 2
5
Q
Treatment for eczema herpeticum?
A
IV acyclovir
6
Q
A young child with a history of atopic eczema develops a sudden eruption of painful, oedematous vesicles and pustules. They have are systemically unwell and have a fever
A
eczema herpeticum
7
Q
First line treatment of mild acne rosacea?
A
Topical metronidazole
8
Q
Treatment of severe acne rosacea?
A
Oxytetracycline
9
Q
What does Bullous pemphigoid
look like?
A
Big blisters on the flexors
10
Q
treatment of Bullous pemphigoid?
A
oral corticosteroids
11
Q
Risk factors for fungal nail?
A
Increasing age, diabetes
12
Q
First line treatment of fungal nail
A
oral terbinafine
13
Q
Rapidly growing, vascular single raised spherical spot following trauma?
A
pyogenic granuloma
14
Q
What precedes guttate psoriasis?
A
Strep infections 2-4 weeks before
15
Q
Tear drop papules on the trunk and limbs are characteristic of?
A
Guttate psoriasis
16
Q
What does lichen planus mean?
A
Flat tree moss
17
Q
What area other than skin is affected in lichen planus?
A
Mucous membranes
18
Q
Drugs causing lichenoid drug eruptions?
A
Gold, quinine and thiazides
19
Q
Treatment of lichen planus?
A
Topical steroids
20
Q
Treatment of oral lichen planus?
A
Benzydamine mouthwash
21
Q
Common skin sites of lichen planus?
A
Wrist and inner elbow
22
Q
What would be seen on biopsy in lichen planus?
A
saw tooth dermo-epidermal junction
hypergranulosis
23
Q
Who is most likely to get pemphigus vulgaris?
A
Ashkenazi Jews
24
Q
painful, flaccid, easily ruptured vesicles and bullae on the skin, preceded by mouth lesions?
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
25
What is seen on biopsy in pemphigus vulgaris?
acantholysis - loss of intercedllular connections
26
What conditions are related to pyoderma gangrenosum?
Inflamamtory bowel disease
connective tissue disorders
rheumatoid arthritis
27
A small red papule that later becomes a deep, red necrotic ulcer with a violet border?
Pyoderma gangrenosum
28
What organism causes seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Malassezia furfur (fungus)
29
first line treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Ketoconazole
30
Drugs that can worsen psoriasis?
NSAIDs, beta blockers, lithium, ace inhibitors
31
Skin rash wchich occurs in coeliac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
32
Where does dermatitis herpatiformis affect?
elbows, knees, buttocks
33
Adverse affects of isotretinoin?
dry skin
teratogenicity
intracranial hypertension
34
What drug can you not co-prescribe with isotretinoin?
tetracyclines
35
Treatment of severe acne?
Isotretinoin
36
What are orange-peel like shin lesions called?
Pretibial myxoedema
37
What condition is pretibial myxoedema associated with?
Grave's disease
38
Skin condition associated with T cell lymphoma?
Mycosis fungoides
39
Dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia indicate?
Pellagra
40
What drug may cause pellagra?
Isoniazid
41
What causes pellagra?
Nicotinic acid deficiency
42
Pityriasis rosea initially causes...
Herald patch
43
In which condition would you see a herald patch?
Pityriasis rosea
44
Conditions associated with acanthosis nigricans?
Obesity
| Type 2 diabetes
45
How would you estimate the % extent of a burn?
Wallace's rule of 9s
46
When should superficial dermal burns be referred to secondary care?
>3% TSA in adults, >2% TSA in children
| If they involve: face, hands, feet, perineum, geintals, flexures
47
When are IV fluids necassary in burns?
>10% TSA in children
| >15% TSA in adults
48
What formula is used to calculate the amount of IV fluid needed in burns?
Parkland formula
% area burned x Weight (kg) x 4 = volume of fluid
49
Surgical management of circumferential burn to the torso or limb?
Escharotomy
50
Most common site of a sebaceous cyst?
Scalp
51
What would you see at the centre of a sebaceous cyst?
Punctum
52
Where are dermoid cysts most commonly located?
Midline of necj
External angle of eye
Behind the ear
53
First line treatment of hyperhidrosis?
Aluminium chloride
54
Facial rash seen in sarcoidosis?
Lupus pernio
55
localised, well demarcated patches of hair loss?
Alopecia areata
56
1st line treatment athlete's foot?
topical imidazole
57
Guttate psoriasis may follow...
Strep infection/tonsilitis
58
What is a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma?
Immunosuppression e.g. organ transplant
59
treatment of squamous cell carcinoma?
surgical excision with 4mm margins
60
Management of morphoeic basal cell carcinoma?
Mohs micrographic surgery
61
Facial tumour that goes away after 3 months?
Keratocanthoma
62
Describe the course of a keratocanthoma
1. Dome shaped lump that rapidly grows to become a crater filled with keratin 2. spontaneously resolves in 3 months
3. Leaves a scar
63
Causes of pyogenic granuloma?
Trauma
| Pregnancy
64
Flat pink/brown rash in the groin or axilla?
Erythrasma
65
Erythrasma treatment?
topical miconazole or oral erythromycin
66
Investigation of choice for allergic contact dermatitis?
Patch testing
67
What is spared in the facial rash in SLE?
Nasolabial folds
68
Most common cause of an itchy rash affecting the face and scalp?
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
69
What conditions are associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis?
HIV
| Parkinson's
70
What conditions are associated with vitiligo?
Addison's disease, Type 1 diabetes i.e. autoimmune conditions
71
4 main diagnostic criteria of Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia?
1. recurrent nosebleeds
2. telangiectasias (around the mouth)
3. AV malformations
4. FHx
72
Stress ulcer in a burn's patient?
Curling's ulcer
73
Where on the body does the rash in Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy occur?
abdominal striae
74
Where on the body does the rash in pemphigoid gestationis occur?
Peri-umbilical
75
When is pemphigoid gestationis likely to occur?
2-3rd trimester, SECOND pregnancy
76
What differentiates pemphigoid gestationis from polymorphoc eruption of pregnnacy?
pemphigoid gestationis has blistering rash
77
A changing mole is most likely caused by...
superficial spreading melanoma
78
What complication can lichen sclerosus have in males?
Phimosis
79
4 Ps of lichen planus?
purple
pruritic
papular
polygonal
80
What is erythroderma?
When >95% of a patient's body is covered by any kind of rash
81
unilateral painful blistering rash is most likely to be...
Shingles
82
What is the shingles vaccine and how is it given?
Live-attenuated, sub cutaneously
83
Treatment of shingles
oral acyclovir
84
treatment of eczema herpeticum?
IV acyvlovir
85
First line treatment of acne [vulgaris]?
benzoly peroxide
86
2nd line treatment of ance vulgaris?
topical tetracycline _ benzoyl peroxide
87
What cancer is associated with acanthosis nigricans?
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma
88
Diabetes, waxy yellow shin lesions?
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
89
When can you return to work/school with impetigo?
48 hours after commencing treatment
90
premalignant skin lesion that develops as a consequence of chronic sun exposure
actinic keratoses
91
Management of actinic keratoses?
fluorouracil cream
92
Features of erythema multiforme?
target lesions
| upper limbs more commonly affected
93
most common cause of erythema multiforme?
herpes simplex virus
94
What is pellagra?
Vitamin B3 DEFICIENCY
95
First line treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis
daily topical corticosteroid
| vitamin D analogue (calciprotol) for 4 weeks as initial treatment
96
2nd line treeatment of psoriasis
increase vitamin D analogue to twice daily
97
Treatment for pitiriasis rosea?
None it is self limiting
98
1st line management of scabies
permethrin
99
2nd line management of scabies
malathion
100
Treatment of impetigo
topical fusidic acid
101
most common site of arterial ulceration
above lateral malleolus
102
most common site of venous ulceration
above medial malleolus
103
investigation for leg ulcers
ankle-brachial pressure index
104
painful ear nodule?
chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis
105
patches of flakey skin with discolouration?
pityriasis vesicolor
106
treatment of venous ulcers?
compression bandaging
107
Melanoma affecting the nail beds?
Acral lentiginous melanoma
108
what bacteria causes facial acne?
Propionibacterium acnes
109
Skin blistering in an old person (bullae) with no mucous membrane involvement?
Bullous pemphigoid
110
Skin blistering in an old person WITH mucosal involvement?
pemphigus vulgaris
111
Rash caused by having something hot on your skin for too long
erythema ab igne
112
antibody in coeliac
anti TTG
