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Phase 3b/finals > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most aggressive form of malignant melanoma?

A

Nodular melanoma

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2
Q

Most common type of melanoma?

A

superficial spreading

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3
Q

Who is most likely to get eczema herpeticum?

A

Children with a history of eczema

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4
Q

What causes eczema herpeticum?

A

HSV 1 or 2

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5
Q

Treatment for eczema herpeticum?

A

IV acyclovir

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6
Q

A young child with a history of atopic eczema develops a sudden eruption of painful, oedematous vesicles and pustules. They have are systemically unwell and have a fever

A

eczema herpeticum

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7
Q

First line treatment of mild acne rosacea?

A

Topical metronidazole

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8
Q

Treatment of severe acne rosacea?

A

Oxytetracycline

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9
Q

What does Bullous pemphigoid

look like?

A

Big blisters on the flexors

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10
Q

treatment of Bullous pemphigoid?

A

oral corticosteroids

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11
Q

Risk factors for fungal nail?

A

Increasing age, diabetes

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12
Q

First line treatment of fungal nail

A

oral terbinafine

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13
Q

Rapidly growing, vascular single raised spherical spot following trauma?

A

pyogenic granuloma

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14
Q

What precedes guttate psoriasis?

A

Strep infections 2-4 weeks before

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15
Q

Tear drop papules on the trunk and limbs are characteristic of?

A

Guttate psoriasis

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16
Q

What does lichen planus mean?

A

Flat tree moss

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17
Q

What area other than skin is affected in lichen planus?

A

Mucous membranes

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18
Q

Drugs causing lichenoid drug eruptions?

A

Gold, quinine and thiazides

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19
Q

Treatment of lichen planus?

A

Topical steroids

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20
Q

Treatment of oral lichen planus?

A

Benzydamine mouthwash

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21
Q

Common skin sites of lichen planus?

A

Wrist and inner elbow

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22
Q

What would be seen on biopsy in lichen planus?

A

saw tooth dermo-epidermal junction

hypergranulosis

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23
Q

Who is most likely to get pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Ashkenazi Jews

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24
Q

painful, flaccid, easily ruptured vesicles and bullae on the skin, preceded by mouth lesions?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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25
Q

What is seen on biopsy in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

acantholysis - loss of intercedllular connections

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26
Q

What conditions are related to pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

Inflamamtory bowel disease
connective tissue disorders
rheumatoid arthritis

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27
Q

A small red papule that later becomes a deep, red necrotic ulcer with a violet border?

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

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28
Q

What organism causes seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Malassezia furfur (fungus)

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29
Q

first line treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Ketoconazole

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30
Q

Drugs that can worsen psoriasis?

A

NSAIDs, beta blockers, lithium, ace inhibitors

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31
Q

Skin rash wchich occurs in coeliac disease?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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32
Q

Where does dermatitis herpatiformis affect?

A

elbows, knees, buttocks

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33
Q

Adverse affects of isotretinoin?

A

dry skin
teratogenicity
intracranial hypertension

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34
Q

What drug can you not co-prescribe with isotretinoin?

A

tetracyclines

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35
Q

Treatment of severe acne?

A

Isotretinoin

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36
Q

What are orange-peel like shin lesions called?

A

Pretibial myxoedema

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37
Q

What condition is pretibial myxoedema associated with?

A

Grave’s disease

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38
Q

Skin condition associated with T cell lymphoma?

A

Mycosis fungoides

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39
Q

Dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia indicate?

A

Pellagra

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40
Q

What drug may cause pellagra?

A

Isoniazid

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41
Q

What causes pellagra?

A

Nicotinic acid deficiency

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42
Q

Pityriasis rosea initially causes…

A

Herald patch

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43
Q

In which condition would you see a herald patch?

A

Pityriasis rosea

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44
Q

Conditions associated with acanthosis nigricans?

A

Obesity

Type 2 diabetes

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45
Q

How would you estimate the % extent of a burn?

A

Wallace’s rule of 9s

46
Q

When should superficial dermal burns be referred to secondary care?

A

> 3% TSA in adults, >2% TSA in children

If they involve: face, hands, feet, perineum, geintals, flexures

47
Q

When are IV fluids necassary in burns?

A

> 10% TSA in children

>15% TSA in adults

48
Q

What formula is used to calculate the amount of IV fluid needed in burns?

A

Parkland formula

% area burned x Weight (kg) x 4 = volume of fluid

49
Q

Surgical management of circumferential burn to the torso or limb?

A

Escharotomy

50
Q

Most common site of a sebaceous cyst?

51
Q

What would you see at the centre of a sebaceous cyst?

52
Q

Where are dermoid cysts most commonly located?

A

Midline of necj
External angle of eye
Behind the ear

53
Q

First line treatment of hyperhidrosis?

A

Aluminium chloride

54
Q

Facial rash seen in sarcoidosis?

A

Lupus pernio

55
Q

localised, well demarcated patches of hair loss?

A

Alopecia areata

56
Q

1st line treatment athlete’s foot?

A

topical imidazole

57
Q

Guttate psoriasis may follow…

A

Strep infection/tonsilitis

58
Q

What is a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Immunosuppression e.g. organ transplant

59
Q

treatment of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

surgical excision with 4mm margins

60
Q

Management of morphoeic basal cell carcinoma?

A

Mohs micrographic surgery

61
Q

Facial tumour that goes away after 3 months?

A

Keratocanthoma

62
Q

Describe the course of a keratocanthoma

A
  1. Dome shaped lump that rapidly grows to become a crater filled with keratin 2. spontaneously resolves in 3 months
  2. Leaves a scar
63
Q

Causes of pyogenic granuloma?

A

Trauma

Pregnancy

64
Q

Flat pink/brown rash in the groin or axilla?

A

Erythrasma

65
Q

Erythrasma treatment?

A

topical miconazole or oral erythromycin

66
Q

Investigation of choice for allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Patch testing

67
Q

What is spared in the facial rash in SLE?

A

Nasolabial folds

68
Q

Most common cause of an itchy rash affecting the face and scalp?

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

69
Q

What conditions are associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

HIV

Parkinson’s

70
Q

What conditions are associated with vitiligo?

A

Addison’s disease, Type 1 diabetes i.e. autoimmune conditions

71
Q

4 main diagnostic criteria of Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia?

A
  1. recurrent nosebleeds
  2. telangiectasias (around the mouth)
  3. AV malformations
  4. FHx
72
Q

Stress ulcer in a burn’s patient?

A

Curling’s ulcer

73
Q

Where on the body does the rash in Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy occur?

A

abdominal striae

74
Q

Where on the body does the rash in pemphigoid gestationis occur?

A

Peri-umbilical

75
Q

When is pemphigoid gestationis likely to occur?

A

2-3rd trimester, SECOND pregnancy

76
Q

What differentiates pemphigoid gestationis from polymorphoc eruption of pregnnacy?

A

pemphigoid gestationis has blistering rash

77
Q

A changing mole is most likely caused by…

A

superficial spreading melanoma

78
Q

What complication can lichen sclerosus have in males?

79
Q

4 Ps of lichen planus?

A

purple
pruritic
papular
polygonal

80
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

When >95% of a patient’s body is covered by any kind of rash

81
Q

unilateral painful blistering rash is most likely to be…

82
Q

What is the shingles vaccine and how is it given?

A

Live-attenuated, sub cutaneously

83
Q

Treatment of shingles

A

oral acyclovir

84
Q

treatment of eczema herpeticum?

A

IV acyvlovir

85
Q

First line treatment of acne [vulgaris]?

A

benzoly peroxide

86
Q

2nd line treatment of ance vulgaris?

A

topical tetracycline _ benzoyl peroxide

87
Q

What cancer is associated with acanthosis nigricans?

A

Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma

88
Q

Diabetes, waxy yellow shin lesions?

A

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

89
Q

When can you return to work/school with impetigo?

A

48 hours after commencing treatment

90
Q

premalignant skin lesion that develops as a consequence of chronic sun exposure

A

actinic keratoses

91
Q

Management of actinic keratoses?

A

fluorouracil cream

92
Q

Features of erythema multiforme?

A

target lesions

upper limbs more commonly affected

93
Q

most common cause of erythema multiforme?

A

herpes simplex virus

94
Q

What is pellagra?

A

Vitamin B3 DEFICIENCY

95
Q

First line treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis

A

daily topical corticosteroid

vitamin D analogue (calciprotol) for 4 weeks as initial treatment

96
Q

2nd line treeatment of psoriasis

A

increase vitamin D analogue to twice daily

97
Q

Treatment for pitiriasis rosea?

A

None it is self limiting

98
Q

1st line management of scabies

A

permethrin

99
Q

2nd line management of scabies

100
Q

Treatment of impetigo

A

topical fusidic acid

101
Q

most common site of arterial ulceration

A

above lateral malleolus

102
Q

most common site of venous ulceration

A

above medial malleolus

103
Q

investigation for leg ulcers

A

ankle-brachial pressure index

104
Q

painful ear nodule?

A

chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis

105
Q

patches of flakey skin with discolouration?

A

pityriasis vesicolor

106
Q

treatment of venous ulcers?

A

compression bandaging

107
Q

Melanoma affecting the nail beds?

A

Acral lentiginous melanoma

108
Q

what bacteria causes facial acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

109
Q

Skin blistering in an old person (bullae) with no mucous membrane involvement?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

110
Q

Skin blistering in an old person WITH mucosal involvement?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

111
Q

Rash caused by having something hot on your skin for too long

A

erythema ab igne

112
Q

antibody in coeliac

Phase 3b/finals (19 decks)

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