Neurology Flashcards
What is the risk score for stroke following TIA?
ABCD2 Age > 60 BP > 140/90 Clinical features (weakness = 2, speech = 1) Duration > 60 min = 2 Diabetes
TIA initial management
300mg aspirin
Treatment of myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine
Pyridostigmine mechanism
long acting anticholinesterase inhibitor
What vessels damaged cause subdural haemorrhage?
briding veins
Epidural haemorrgae from which vessel?
middle meningeal artery
what are Jacksonian movements?
Clonic movements that travel proximally
Which lobe is affected if you see jacksonian movements (clinc movements which travel proximally)?
frontal lobes
what are temporal lobe seizures associated with?
aura
lip smacking
clothes plucking
what are parietal lobe seizures associated with?
sensory abnormalities
What is wenicke’s aphasia?
limited comprehension, speech fluent but makes no sense
Where in the brain is wernicke’s area?
superior temporal gyrus
What vessel supplies wenricke’s area?
inferior left middle cerebral artery
what is broca’s aphasia?
Expressive; patient can understand but not speak
Where is brocas area?
inferior frontal gyrus
What vessel supplies broca’s area?
superior left middle cerebral artery
investigation of suspected stroke
non contrast CT
cancers common in myasthenia gravis?
thymomas
4 features of neurleptic malignant syndrome
rigidity
hyperthermia
autonomic instability
confusion
what is the treatment for an acute relapse of MS?
high dose steroids
what is found in the CSF in MS?
oligoclonal bands
blood test result in neuroleptic malignant syndrome
raised creatinine kinase, raised white cell count
what drugs can precipitate myasthenia crises?
bisprolol
investigation of acousitc neuroma
MRI cerebellopontine angle
migraine prophylaxis
topiramate or propranolol
acute migraine treatment
triptan + NSAID + paracetamol
loss of finger adduction and abduction- which nerve is damaged?
ulnar
medical management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome includes?
dantrolene
bromocriptine
cerebellar vermis lesions lead to….
gait ataxia
a stroke where causes locked in syndrome
basilar artery
lower limbs more affected than upper limbs in a stroke suggests…
anterior cerebral artery
upper limbs more affected than lower limbs in a stroke suggests a stroke in…
middle cerebral artery
Describe weber’s syndrome
ipsilateral III palsy (down and out)
contralateral weakness
Where is the infarct in weber’s syndrome?
midbrain (brainstem)
wrist drop is caused by damage to the…
radial nerve
what medication can prolong life in motor neurone disease?
riluzole
what to give if a patient has been fitting for 5 minutes?
rectal diazepam 10mg
first line treatment of essential tremor
propranolol
what knid of dementia is associated with MND?
frontotemporal dementia
parkinson symptoms + autonomic instability =
multi system atrophy
homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing indicates a lesion in the…
occipital cortex
1st line management of ocular myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine
prophylaxis of cluster headaches
verapamil
how are demyelinatong lesions viewed?
MRI with contrast
treatment for focal seizures
carbamazepine
first line treatment for absence seizures
sodium valproate
