Obs and Gynae Flashcards by Gabriella Marlow

What blood result would indicate menopause?

FSH rise

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How to know if a woman is ovulating?

day 21 progesterone

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what does GnRH do?

stimulate FSH and LH secretion from the pituitary gland

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2 indications for c section

terminal bradycardia (hr<100 for more than 10 minutes)
terminal decelerations (heart rate drops and does not recover in 3 minutes)

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diabetes medication contraindicated in pregnancy

gliclazide

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prophylaxis of another pre eclampsia in women who have had it before?

75mg aspirin daily

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fetal consequences of pre-eclampsia

pulmonary oedema
IUGR
prematurity
oligohydramnios
intracerebral haemorrhage

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a raised alpha-feto-protein may indicate?

neural tube defects

abdominal wall defects

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a lowered alpha fetoprotein may indicate?

Down’s syndrome

maternal diabetes mellitus

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what causes sheehan syndrome?

blood loss, hypovolaemia after birth

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what is sheehan syndrome?

postpartum hypopituitarism

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signs of sheehan syndrome

amenorrhoea
galactorrhoea
hypothyroidism

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treatment of pre eclampsia in asthmatics

Nifedipine

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Antibiotic given in premature rupture of membranes?

erythromycin 10 days

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what causes HELLP syndrome#?

pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

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What is HELLP syndrome?

Haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

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symptoms of HELLP syndrome

RUQ pain, vomiting, raised bp

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treatment of pre eclampsia

labetolol

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treatment of eclampsia

MgSO4, magnesium sulfate

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what condition are chocolate cysts seen in?

endometriosis

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treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease?

IM ceftriaxone + 14 days of metronidazole and doxycycline

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what hormone does the corpus luteum produce?

progesterone

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what causes physiological anaemia in pregnancy?

increased blood volume: 5-7.5L

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first line treatment of infertility?

lifestyle advice: stop smoking, lose weight, stop drinking alcohol

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what drug stimulates ovulation?

clomiphene cirrate

what hormone indicates ovulation is about to occur?

What combination of rhesus is dangerous?

negative mother, positive baby (second pregnancy)

how long do you have to wait before inserting a copper IUD after birth?

4 weeks

when does pre-eclampsia set in?

after 20 weeks

hormone levels in PCOS?

high LH, low FSH | high androgen and oestradiol

medications indicated for PCOS

spironolactone, combined contraceptive pill

What medication is used to shrink fibroids? (drug and mechanism)

danazol, GnRH agonist

what conditions is lichen sclerosus associated with?

vitiligo | thyroid disease

What cancer may develop form lichen sclerosus?

squamous cell carcinoma

Protective factor for endometrial cancer?

contraceSptive pill

Symptom of endometrial cancer?

Post menopausal bleeding | intermenstrual bleeding

define stages of cervical cancer

1. uterus and cervix only 2. invasion into upper vagina 3. invasion into lower vagina, or obstructing ureters stage 4. invasion of bladder/rectum

risk factors for ovarian cancer?

more ovulations = more risk - early menarche - late menopause - nulliparous

what is protective for ovarian cancer

pregnancy lactation COCP

women over 50 with abdominal/IBS symptoms should have what checked?

CA-125

snow storm on ultrasound indicates

hyaditiform mole/molar pregnancy

immobile uterus on examination?

endometriosis - adhesions

what is seen on laproscopy in endometriosis

red dots powder burn spots raised vesicles

how is adenomyosis diagnosed?

MRI

Treatment for hyperprolactinaemia

bromocriptine

what is the normal thickness of t/he endometrium

<4mm

first line treatment of urge incontinence?

bladder retraining

first line management of stress incontinence?

pelvic floor muscle training

serum bcg >1,500 indicates

pregnancy

medical management of urge incontinence if blasdder training fails?

muscarinic antagonist e.g. tolterodine, oxybutinin

where is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?

ampulla

medical management of ectopic pregnancy

methotrexate

borderline dyskariosis + HPV positive?

colposcopy

borderline dyskariosis but HPV negative?

routine recall

what cancer may you get if you've had tamoxifen therapy?

endometrial cancer

treatment for vasomotor symptoms of menopause (e.g. sweating)?

SSRI e.g. fluoxetine

unopposed oestrogen is a risk for what cancer?

endometrial cancer

which strains of HPV lead to cervical cancer?

HPV 16 and 18

medication for painful periods

mefanamic acid

most common type of ovarian cancer?

serous carcinoma

what factors determine the Risk Malignancy Index?

US findings, menopausal status, CA125

which thrush treatment is contraindicated in pregnancy, which is preferred?

fluconazole is contraindicated, clotrimazole is preferred

hormone levels in premature ovarian failure?

FSH and LH both raised

Effect in elderly of oxybutinin?

increased risk of falls

HRT for women with a womb

cyclical combined HRT

HRT for women without a womb?

continuous oestrogen only HRT

definitive treatment of adenomyosis

hysterectomy

fixed retroverted uterus may indicate

endometriosis

medical management of miscarriage

vaginal misoprostol

what is placenta praevia?

when the placenta is implanted in the lower protion of the uterus

intermittent painless bleeding in pregnancy may indicate

placenta praevia

what is placental abruption?

when all or part of the placenta separates before delivery

Painful vaginal bleeding during pregnancy?

placental abruption

woody hard uterus indicates

placental abruption

what is placenta percreta?

placenta grows through the endometrial wall

causes of PPH?

Tone Tissue Trauma Thrombin

what is given to manage the 3rd stage of labour if there is a risk of PPH?

syntometrin

rash, itching and raised bilirubin?

intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

raised ALT, abdo pain and vomiting?

acute fatty liver of pregnancy

what would you see in chorioamnionitits?

preterm PROM | maternal pyrexia, maternal and fetal tachycardia

management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?

delivery at 37 weeks to prevent stillbirth

management of maternal group B strep?

IV antibiotic prophylaxis

when are postnatal blues suspected to end?

After 10 days

screening for post antal depression

edinburgh depression test

treatment of hyperemisis gravidarum

0.9% saline | IV vitamin B and C (pabrinex)