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Phase 3b/finals > Obs and Gynae > Flashcards

Obs and Gynae Flashcards

1
Q

What blood result would indicate menopause?

A

FSH rise

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2
Q

How to know if a woman is ovulating?

A

day 21 progesterone

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3
Q

what does GnRH do?

A

stimulate FSH and LH secretion from the pituitary gland

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4
Q

2 indications for c section

A 
terminal bradycardia (hr<100 for more than 10 minutes)
terminal decelerations (heart rate drops and does not recover in 3 minutes)
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5
Q

diabetes medication contraindicated in pregnancy

A

gliclazide

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6
Q

prophylaxis of another pre eclampsia in women who have had it before?

A

75mg aspirin daily

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7
Q

fetal consequences of pre-eclampsia

A 
pulmonary oedema
IUGR
prematurity
oligohydramnios
intracerebral haemorrhage
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8
Q

a raised alpha-feto-protein may indicate?

A

neural tube defects

abdominal wall defects

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9
Q

a lowered alpha fetoprotein may indicate?

A

Down’s syndrome

maternal diabetes mellitus

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10
Q

what causes sheehan syndrome?

A

blood loss, hypovolaemia after birth

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11
Q

what is sheehan syndrome?

A

postpartum hypopituitarism

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12
Q

signs of sheehan syndrome

A

amenorrhoea
galactorrhoea
hypothyroidism

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13
Q

treatment of pre eclampsia in asthmatics

A

Nifedipine

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14
Q

Antibiotic given in premature rupture of membranes?

A

erythromycin 10 days

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15
Q

what causes HELLP syndrome#?

A

pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

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16
Q

What is HELLP syndrome?

A

Haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

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17
Q

symptoms of HELLP syndrome

A

RUQ pain, vomiting, raised bp

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18
Q

treatment of pre eclampsia

A

labetolol

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19
Q

treatment of eclampsia

A

MgSO4, magnesium sulfate

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20
Q

what condition are chocolate cysts seen in?

A

endometriosis

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21
Q

treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

IM ceftriaxone + 14 days of metronidazole and doxycycline

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22
Q

what hormone does the corpus luteum produce?

A

progesterone

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23
Q

what causes physiological anaemia in pregnancy?

A

increased blood volume: 5-7.5L

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24
Q

first line treatment of infertility?

A

lifestyle advice: stop smoking, lose weight, stop drinking alcohol

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25
Q

what drug stimulates ovulation?

A

clomiphene cirrate

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26
Q

what hormone indicates ovulation is about to occur?

A

LH

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27
Q

What combination of rhesus is dangerous?

A

negative mother, positive baby (second pregnancy)

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28
Q

how long do you have to wait before inserting a copper IUD after birth?

A

4 weeks

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29
Q

when does pre-eclampsia set in?

A

after 20 weeks

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30
Q

hormone levels in PCOS?

A

high LH, low FSH

high androgen and oestradiol

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31
Q

medications indicated for PCOS

A

spironolactone, combined contraceptive pill

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32
Q

What medication is used to shrink fibroids? (drug and mechanism)

A

danazol, GnRH agonist

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33
Q

what conditions is lichen sclerosus associated with?

A

vitiligo

thyroid disease

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34
Q

What cancer may develop form lichen sclerosus?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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35
Q

Protective factor for endometrial cancer?

A

contraceSptive pill

36
Q

Symptom of endometrial cancer?

A

Post menopausal bleeding

intermenstrual bleeding

37
Q

define stages of cervical cancer

A
  1. uterus and cervix only
  2. invasion into upper vagina
  3. invasion into lower vagina, or obstructing ureters
    stage 4. invasion of bladder/rectum
38
Q

risk factors for ovarian cancer?

A

more ovulations = more risk

  • early menarche
  • late menopause
  • nulliparous
39
Q

what is protective for ovarian cancer

A

pregnancy
lactation
COCP

40
Q

women over 50 with abdominal/IBS symptoms should have what checked?

A

CA-125

41
Q

snow storm on ultrasound indicates

A

hyaditiform mole/molar pregnancy

42
Q

immobile uterus on examination?

A

endometriosis - adhesions

43
Q

what is seen on laproscopy in endometriosis

A

red dots
powder burn spots
raised vesicles

44
Q

how is adenomyosis diagnosed?

A

MRI

45
Q

Treatment for hyperprolactinaemia

A

bromocriptine

46
Q

what is the normal thickness of t/he endometrium

A

<4mm

47
Q

first line treatment of urge incontinence?

A

bladder retraining

48
Q

first line management of stress incontinence?

A

pelvic floor muscle training

49
Q

serum bcg >1,500 indicates

A

pregnancy

50
Q

medical management of urge incontinence if blasdder training fails?

A

muscarinic antagonist e.g. tolterodine, oxybutinin

51
Q

where is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?

A

ampulla

52
Q

medical management of ectopic pregnancy

A

methotrexate

53
Q

borderline dyskariosis + HPV positive?

A

colposcopy

54
Q

borderline dyskariosis but HPV negative?

A

routine recall

55
Q

what cancer may you get if you’ve had tamoxifen therapy?

A

endometrial cancer

56
Q

treatment for vasomotor symptoms of menopause (e.g. sweating)?

A

SSRI e.g. fluoxetine

57
Q

unopposed oestrogen is a risk for what cancer?

A

endometrial cancer

58
Q

which strains of HPV lead to cervical cancer?

A

HPV 16 and 18

59
Q

medication for painful periods

A

mefanamic acid

60
Q

most common type of ovarian cancer?

A

serous carcinoma

61
Q

what factors determine the Risk Malignancy Index?

A

US findings, menopausal status, CA125

62
Q

which thrush treatment is contraindicated in pregnancy, which is preferred?

A

fluconazole is contraindicated, clotrimazole is preferred

63
Q

hormone levels in premature ovarian failure?

A

FSH and LH both raised

64
Q

Effect in elderly of oxybutinin?

A

increased risk of falls

65
Q

HRT for women with a womb

A

cyclical combined HRT

66
Q

HRT for women without a womb?

A

continuous oestrogen only HRT

67
Q

definitive treatment of adenomyosis

A

hysterectomy

68
Q

fixed retroverted uterus may indicate

A

endometriosis

69
Q

medical management of miscarriage

A

vaginal misoprostol

70
Q

what is placenta praevia?

A

when the placenta is implanted in the lower protion of the uterus

71
Q

intermittent painless bleeding in pregnancy may indicate

A

placenta praevia

72
Q

what is placental abruption?

A

when all or part of the placenta separates before delivery

73
Q

Painful vaginal bleeding during pregnancy?

A

placental abruption

74
Q

woody hard uterus indicates

A

placental abruption

75
Q

what is placenta percreta?

A

placenta grows through the endometrial wall

76
Q

causes of PPH?

A

Tone
Tissue
Trauma
Thrombin

77
Q

what is given to manage the 3rd stage of labour if there is a risk of PPH?

A

syntometrin

78
Q

rash, itching and raised bilirubin?

A

intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

79
Q

raised ALT, abdo pain and vomiting?

A

acute fatty liver of pregnancy

80
Q

what would you see in chorioamnionitits?

A

preterm PROM

maternal pyrexia, maternal and fetal tachycardia

81
Q

management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?

A

delivery at 37 weeks to prevent stillbirth

82
Q

management of maternal group B strep?

A

IV antibiotic prophylaxis

83
Q

when are postnatal blues suspected to end?

A

After 10 days

84
Q

screening for post antal depression

A

edinburgh depression test

85
Q

treatment of hyperemisis gravidarum

A

0.9% saline

IV vitamin B and C (pabrinex)

Phase 3b/finals (19 decks)

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