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Phase 3b/finals > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What topical antibiotic is used to treat conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol

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2
Q

What is the normal pressure of the eye?

A

10-20mmHg

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3
Q

What would an eye pressure of >60 mmHg indicate?

A

Acute angle closre glaucoma

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4
Q

A 75 year old man experiences flashes and floaters in the eye, as well as blurred vision and the sensation of a curtain coming down. What is causing this?

A

Posterior vitreous detachment, followed by retinal detachment

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5
Q

Sudden painless loss preceded by vitreous detachment indicates?

A

Retinal detachment

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6
Q

What would you see on ophthalmoscopy in a patient with cataracts?

A

Reduced red reflex

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7
Q

What drug is given to treat acute angle glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine

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8
Q

How is glaucoma diagnosed?

A

Tonometry (assess intraocular pressure)

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9
Q

Name 3 signs of glaucoma on ophthalmoscopy

A
  1. Cupping of the optic disc
  2. Pale optic disc
  3. “Bayonetting” - vessels appear to break away as they disappear into the deep cup and return
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10
Q

What does a cherry red spot on a pale retina indicate?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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11
Q

Name a condition associated with scleritis and episcleritis?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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12
Q

What do flame haemorrhages and optic disc oedema indicate?

A

Retinal vein occlusion

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13
Q

What are drusen?

A

Yellow deposits under the retina caused by a build up of lipids

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14
Q

Name 3 pressure reducing drugs for the eye?

A
  1. Pilocarpine
  2. Timolol
  3. Brimonidine
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15
Q

What drug is used to treat age related macular degeneration?

A

Ranibizumab

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16
Q

What is tropicamide used for?

A

Dilating the eye for eye examinations

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17
Q

Describe hutchinson’s sign

A

Rash on tip of nose, indicates strong risk of ocular involvement in herpes zoster opthalmicus

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18
Q

Night blindness followed by tunnel vision indicates

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

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19
Q

Treatment of amaurosis fugax/TIA

A

300mg aspirin

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20
Q

What are risk factors for acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

being long sighted

age

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21
Q

when is glaucoma most painful/worse?

A

watching TV in a dark room

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22
Q

Painless red teary eye in a patient with RA

A

episcleritis

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23
Q

Describe the symptoms of episcleritis

A

painless teary red eye

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24
Q

symptoms of optic neuritis

A

central scotoma
reduced acuity especially colour
RAPD
pain on movement

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25
treatment of Anterior uveitis
steroid and mydriatic eye drops
26
Risk factors for vitreous haemorrhage
Diabetes | anticoagulants
27
Key feature of vitreous haemorrhage
dark spots and sudden visual loss
28
bilateral gritty eyes
blepharitis
29
posh word for sqiunt
strabismus
30
most common kind of squint
convergent
31
what is a paralytic squint
paralysis of extraocular muscles
32
How to detect a squint
corneal light reflection test - hold a light source 30cm away and see if the light reflects symmetrically
33
Waht does the pupil look like in acute angle closure glaucome
semi-dilated non reacting
34
2 drugs to treat acute angle closure glaucoma
acetazolamide (reduce aqueous secretions) | pilocarpine (constricts pupil)
35
Fundoscopy in dry age related macular degeneration
drusen on the macula
36
What conditions is anterior uveitis associated
HLA-B27 conditions e.g. - reactive arthritis - ankylosing spondylitis - IBD
37
Describe an Argyll-Robertson pupil
accomodation reflex present but pupillary reflex absent
38
signs of cataracts
reduced red reflex
39
Investigation of corneal ulcer/abrasion
Fluorescein staining
40
Mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
1 or more microaneurysm
41
moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
microaneurysms blot haemorrhages hard exudates cotton wool spots
42
severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
blot haemorrhages and microaneurysms in 4 quadrants | venous beading
43
What defines prolferative diabetic retinopathy
retinal neovascularisation
44
How does herpes simplex keratitis present?
dendritic corneal ulcer
45
Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis ?
topical acyclovir
46
What is the staging of hypertensive retinopathy called?
Keith-Wagener classification
47
Stage 1 hypertensive retinopathy?
narrowed, tortuous arteries
48
Stage 2 hypertensive retinopathy?
arterviovenous nipping
49
Stage 3 hypertensive retinopathy
cotton wool exudates | flame and blot haemorrhages
50
Stage 4 hypertensive retinopahty
papilloedema
51
Mangement of optic neuritis
high dose steroids
52
Risk factors for orbital cellulitis
sinus infection | no Hib vaccination
53
Red flags which indicate orbital cellulitis (over preseptal cellulitis)
reduced visual acuity proptosis pain on movement
54
treatment of orbital cellulitis
hospital admission, IV antibiotics
55
What would you see on fundoscopy in papilloedema?
Blurring of the optic disc
56
Management of primary open angle glaucoma
prostaglandin analogue eye drop e.g. latanoprost
57
Is scleritis painful?
Yes
58
Painless visual loss with floaters
vitreous haemorrhage
59
blurred vision, central sctotom, slow onset
age related macular degeneration
60
drusen are associated with...?
dry age related macular degeneration

Phase 3b/finals (19 decks)

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