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Phase 3b/finals > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What topical antibiotic is used to treat conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol

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2
Q

What is the normal pressure of the eye?

A

10-20mmHg

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3
Q

What would an eye pressure of >60 mmHg indicate?

A

Acute angle closre glaucoma

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4
Q

A 75 year old man experiences flashes and floaters in the eye, as well as blurred vision and the sensation of a curtain coming down. What is causing this?

A

Posterior vitreous detachment, followed by retinal detachment

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5
Q

Sudden painless loss preceded by vitreous detachment indicates?

A

Retinal detachment

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6
Q

What would you see on ophthalmoscopy in a patient with cataracts?

A

Reduced red reflex

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7
Q

What drug is given to treat acute angle glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine

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8
Q

How is glaucoma diagnosed?

A

Tonometry (assess intraocular pressure)

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9
Q

Name 3 signs of glaucoma on ophthalmoscopy

A
  1. Cupping of the optic disc
  2. Pale optic disc
  3. “Bayonetting” - vessels appear to break away as they disappear into the deep cup and return
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10
Q

What does a cherry red spot on a pale retina indicate?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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11
Q

Name a condition associated with scleritis and episcleritis?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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12
Q

What do flame haemorrhages and optic disc oedema indicate?

A

Retinal vein occlusion

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13
Q

What are drusen?

A

Yellow deposits under the retina caused by a build up of lipids

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14
Q

Name 3 pressure reducing drugs for the eye?

A
  1. Pilocarpine
  2. Timolol
  3. Brimonidine
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15
Q

What drug is used to treat age related macular degeneration?

A

Ranibizumab

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16
Q

What is tropicamide used for?

A

Dilating the eye for eye examinations

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17
Q

Describe hutchinson’s sign

A

Rash on tip of nose, indicates strong risk of ocular involvement in herpes zoster opthalmicus

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18
Q

Night blindness followed by tunnel vision indicates

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

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19
Q

Treatment of amaurosis fugax/TIA

A

300mg aspirin

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20
Q

What are risk factors for acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

being long sighted

age

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21
Q

when is glaucoma most painful/worse?

A

watching TV in a dark room

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22
Q

Painless red teary eye in a patient with RA

A

episcleritis

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23
Q

Describe the symptoms of episcleritis

A

painless teary red eye

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24
Q

symptoms of optic neuritis

A

central scotoma
reduced acuity especially colour
RAPD
pain on movement

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25
Q

treatment of Anterior uveitis

A

steroid and mydriatic eye drops

26
Q

Risk factors for vitreous haemorrhage

A

Diabetes

anticoagulants

27
Q

Key feature of vitreous haemorrhage

A

dark spots and sudden visual loss

28
Q

bilateral gritty eyes

A

blepharitis

29
Q

posh word for sqiunt

A

strabismus

30
Q

most common kind of squint

A

convergent

31
Q

what is a paralytic squint

A

paralysis of extraocular muscles

32
Q

How to detect a squint

A

corneal light reflection test - hold a light source 30cm away and see if the light reflects symmetrically

33
Q

Waht does the pupil look like in acute angle closure glaucome

A

semi-dilated non reacting

34
Q

2 drugs to treat acute angle closure glaucoma

A

acetazolamide (reduce aqueous secretions)

pilocarpine (constricts pupil)

35
Q

Fundoscopy in dry age related macular degeneration

A

drusen on the macula

36
Q

What conditions is anterior uveitis associated

A

HLA-B27 conditions e.g.

  • reactive arthritis
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • IBD
37
Q

Describe an Argyll-Robertson pupil

A

accomodation reflex present but pupillary reflex absent

38
Q

signs of cataracts

A

reduced red reflex

39
Q

Investigation of corneal ulcer/abrasion

A

Fluorescein staining

40
Q

Mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

1 or more microaneurysm

41
Q

moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

microaneurysms
blot haemorrhages
hard exudates
cotton wool spots

42
Q

severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

blot haemorrhages and microaneurysms in 4 quadrants

venous beading

43
Q

What defines prolferative diabetic retinopathy

A

retinal neovascularisation

44
Q

How does herpes simplex keratitis present?

A

dendritic corneal ulcer

45
Q

Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis ?

A

topical acyclovir

46
Q

What is the staging of hypertensive retinopathy called?

A

Keith-Wagener classification

47
Q

Stage 1 hypertensive retinopathy?

A

narrowed, tortuous arteries

48
Q

Stage 2 hypertensive retinopathy?

A

arterviovenous nipping

49
Q

Stage 3 hypertensive retinopathy

A

cotton wool exudates

flame and blot haemorrhages

50
Q

Stage 4 hypertensive retinopahty

A

papilloedema

51
Q

Mangement of optic neuritis

A

high dose steroids

52
Q

Risk factors for orbital cellulitis

A

sinus infection

no Hib vaccination

53
Q

Red flags which indicate orbital cellulitis (over preseptal cellulitis)

A

reduced visual acuity
proptosis
pain on movement

54
Q

treatment of orbital cellulitis

A

hospital admission, IV antibiotics

55
Q

What would you see on fundoscopy in papilloedema?

A

Blurring of the optic disc

56
Q

Management of primary open angle glaucoma

A

prostaglandin analogue eye drop e.g. latanoprost

57
Q

Is scleritis painful?

58
Q

Painless visual loss with floaters

A

vitreous haemorrhage

59
Q

blurred vision, central sctotom, slow onset

A

age related macular degeneration

60
Q

drusen are associated with…?

A

dry age related macular degeneration

Phase 3b/finals (19 decks)

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