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Phase 3b/finals > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is NAAT? What is it testing for?

A

Nucleic acid amplificaiton test for chlamydia

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2
Q

What would a ground glass appearance on histology indicate?

A

Chronic hep b infection

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3
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

IM ceftriaxone

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4
Q

What would you see on microscopy of gonorrhoea?

A

Gram negative diplococci

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5
Q

What is the treatment of chlamydia?

A

Oral doxycycline or azithromycin

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6
Q

In a traveller in bangladesh with watery diarrhoea and hypoglycaemia, what would you be worried about?

A

Cholera

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7
Q

Name 2 diseases which may cause blood in the stool.

A

Campylobacter jejuni and salmonella.

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8
Q

Frothy offensive discharge + vulvovaginitis + strawberry cervix _ very acidic vagina =??

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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9
Q

In which condition would you see rose spots on the chest, and what is the causative organism?

A

Typhoid, salmonella typhi.

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10
Q

How would you distinguish between giargiasis and typhoid fever?

A 
Giardiasis = diarrhoea
Typhoid = constipation
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11
Q

What is the treatment for invasive (bloody) diarrhoea?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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12
Q

What is the treatment for traveller’s and non-invasive diarrhoea?

A

Clarithromycin

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13
Q

What is the treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis? (Seen in HIV with a CD4 count <200)

A

sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

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14
Q

Painless ulcer and painless lymphadenopathy?

A

Syphilis

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15
Q

Painless ulcer and painful lymphadenopathy

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

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16
Q

Painful ulcer and painful lymphadenopathy?

A

Chancroid

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of intermenstrual bleeding in a young female?

A

STI e.g. chlamydia

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18
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

IM benzathine penicillin

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19
Q

What does e.coli look like under a a microscope?

A

Gram negative rod

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

E.coli

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21
Q

If the CSF glucose is less than half of the serum glucose, what is causing the meningitis?

A

Bacteria

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22
Q

If the CSF white cells are mostly lymphocytes, what is the cause of the meningitis?

A

TB

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23
Q

What is given after a bite from a rabid dog?

A

Immunoglobulin + rabies vaccination

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24
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?

A

Amoxicillin

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25
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin

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26
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat CAP following flu?

A

Amoxicillin + flucloxacillin

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27
Q

What is the likely causative organism of pneumonia following flu?

A

S. aureus

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28
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat atypical pneumonia (e.g. legionalla, mycoplasma?)

A

Clarithromycin

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29
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat hospital acquired pneumonia within 5 days of admission?

A

Co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime

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30
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat hospital acquired pneumonia more than 5 days after admission?

A

Piperacillin with tazobactam

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31
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat acute pyelonephritis?

A

broad spectrum cephalosporin or quinalone

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32
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat impetigo?

A

topical fusidic acid

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33
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat widespread impetigo?

A

Erythromycin

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34
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat cellulitis?

A

Flucloxacillin

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35
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat animal or human bites?

A

Co-amoxiclav

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36
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat mastitis during breastfeeding?

A

Flucloxacillin

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37
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat throat infections?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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38
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat SINUSITIS AND OTITIS MEDIA?

A

Amoxicillin

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39
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat otitis externa?

A

Flucloxacillin + corticosteroid

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40
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat gonorrhoea?

A

IM cetfriaxone + oral azithromycin

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41
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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42
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

oral flucloxacillin and oral metronidazole

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43
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat syphilis?

A

benzathine benzylpenicillin

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44
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat BV?

A

metronidazole

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45
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat c.diff?

A

Metronidazole

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46
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat campylobacter enteritis?

A

Clarithromycin

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47
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat salmonella?

A

ciprofloxacin

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48
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat shigellosis?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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49
Q

Describe the appearance on microscopy of s. aureus?

A

Gram positive cocci
Haemolytic
Catalase positive

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50
Q

Describe the appearance on microscopy of strep pyogenes?

A

Gram positive coci in chains
Beta haemolytic
Catalase negative

51
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat strep pyogenes?

A

Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithrmoycin)

52
Q

Describe the appearance on microscopy of E.coli?

A

Gram negative rods

53
Q

Describe the appearance on microscopy of campylobacter jejuni

A

Gram negative non-sporulating

54
Q

What are the features of campylobacter jejuni infection?

A

Bloody diarrhoea

Right iliac fossa pain

55
Q

Describe the appearance on microscopy of H.pylori

A

gram negative helix shaped rod

56
Q

How is giardiasis spread?

A

Faeco-oral route

57
Q

What are the features of Giardia infection?

A

Prolonged Non bloody diarrhoea
Flatulence
Bloating

58
Q

What is the treatment of giardia infection?

A

Metronidazole

59
Q

Where might you contract giardia?

A

Contaminated water e.g. lakes, rivers

60
Q

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis/traveller’sdiarrhoea?

A

E.coli

61
Q

Traveller with watery stools, abdominal cramps and nausea…

What is the causative organism?

A

E.coli

62
Q

Patient with prolonged, non-bloody diarrhoea.

What is the causative organism?

A

Giardia

63
Q

What causes rice-water diarrhoea?

A

Cholera

64
Q

Bloody diarrhoea, fever and abdominal pain.

What is the causative organism?

A

Shigella

65
Q

What commonly causes acute food poisoning?

A

Staphylococcus aureis or bacillus cereus

66
Q

Severe vomiting with a short incubation period.

What is the causative organism?

A

S.aureus

67
Q

Vomiting and diarrhoea 6 hours after eating rice.

What is the causative organism?

A

Bacillus cereus

68
Q

Gradual onset bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and tenderness which may last for several weeks…
What is the causative organism?

A

Amoebiasis

69
Q

Name 2 organisms with an incubation period longer than 7 days.

A

Giardia, amoeba

70
Q

What organism causes amoebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolyica

71
Q

Is the incubation period for amoebiasis short or long?

A

Long

72
Q

What is the treatment of amoebiasis?

A

Metronidazole

73
Q

Name 2 complications of amoebiasis?

A

Liver and colonic abscesses

74
Q

“Anchovy sauce” in a liver abscess indicates?

A

Amoebiasis

75
Q

What kind of virus is Parvovirus B19

A

DNA virus

76
Q

What causes erythema infectiosum? How is it colloquially known?

A

Erythema infectiosum, slapped cheek syndrome

77
Q

Are children with slapped cheek infectious?

A

Not once the rash has appeared

78
Q

What to do if a pregnant women (<20 weeks) is exposed to parvovirus B19?

A

maternal IgG and IgM need to be checked

79
Q

What causes infectious mononucelosis in 90% of cases?

A

EBV, or HHV-4

80
Q

What are less common causes of infectious mononucleosis?

A

HHV-6, cytomegalovirus

81
Q

Sore throat + fever + lymphadenopathy = ?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

82
Q

Name a complication of infectious mononucleosis? How can this be avoided?

A

Splenomegaly and splenic rupture; avoid contact sports for 8 weeks post infection

83
Q

How is glandular fever diagnosed?

A

Monospot test (heterophil antibody test) in the 2nd week of illness

84
Q

What causes genital herpes?

A

HSV 2

85
Q

What causes oral herpes?

A

HSV 1

86
Q

Multiple painful genital ulcers is indicative of?

A

Genital herpes

87
Q

What is a chancre?

A

A painless ulcer seen in primary syphilis

88
Q

Painful genital ulcers associated with painful lymph enlargement is indicative of?

A

Chancroid

89
Q

What causes chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

90
Q

Describe the ulcers you would see in chancroid

A

Sharply defined, ragged, undermined border

91
Q

What causes Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?

A

Chlamydia

92
Q

How would LGV present?

A

Painless ulcer with painful lymphadenopathy

93
Q

How is LGV treated?

A

Doxycycline

94
Q

What is the management of genital herpes?

A

Oral acyclovir

95
Q

What week of pregnancy is the cut off for having a c-section if there is a primary attack of herpes?

A

28

96
Q

How should women with recurrent herpes be treates?

A

Suppressive therapy, transmission risk is low

97
Q

Describe the quickSOFA score:

A

resp rate >22
altered mentation
bp <100

98
Q

What does a qSOFA score of >2 indicate?

A

High risk of mortality

99
Q

What type of vaccines would you not give to immunocompromised people?

A

Live, attenuated

100
Q

Name the live attenuated vaccines

A

ROME Is MY Best Place To go

rubella
oral polio
mumps
epidemic typhis
Influenza
Measles
Yellow fever
BCG
Plague
Typhoid
101
Q

Name 3 vaccinations that are inactivated toxins

A

Tetanus, diptheria and pertussus

102
Q

What causes croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

103
Q

What causes bronchilitis?

A

RSV

104
Q

What most commonly causes bronchiectasis exacerbations?

A

Haemophilus influenzar

105
Q

What pneumonia are you most likely to get following flu?

A

Staph aureus

106
Q

What is the most common cause of CAP?

A

Strep pneumoniae

107
Q

Who is at risk of lepstospirosis?

A

Farmers, sewage workers, vets, abbatoir workers etc

108
Q

Erythema multiforme/target lesions are associated with what kind of pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma

109
Q

What is the antibiotic given in cellulitis for those who are penicillin allergic?

A

Clarithromycin

110
Q

What is the first line treatment of cellulitis?

A

Flucloxacillin

111
Q

Prolonged, watery diarrhoea in a returning traveller is…

A

Giardiasis

112
Q

What type of cancer is most associated with Epstein-Barr virus?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

113
Q

What is the most likely causative organism in meningitis of a 0-3 month old?

A

group B strep, E.coli or listeria monocytogenes

114
Q

Name 3 conditions amoxicillin is used to treat

A

otitis media, dental ansecces and community acquired pneumonia

115
Q

What is the most likely causative organism in meningitis of a 60+ year old person?

A

Strep pneumoniae

116
Q

Cloudy CSF with low glucose and high protein?

A

Bacterial meningitis

117
Q

CSF with normal glucose and high protein?

A

Viral meningitis

118
Q

Opaque CSF forms fibrin web with low glucose and very elevated protein?

A

Tuberculosis meningitis

119
Q

Describe the diarrhoea in amoebiasis?

A

gradual onset bloody diarrhoea
lasts for weeks
some abdo pain

120
Q

Describe the diarrhoea in Giardiasis

A

foul-smelling watery diarrhoea
weight loss
no abdo pain/fever

121
Q

Name 2 conditions treated with flucloxacillin

A

Cellulitis

Severe otitis externa (severe)

122
Q

What would you give for a human or animal bite?

A

Co-amoxiclav

123
Q

What is the most appropriate first-line treatment for pneumonia possibly caused by atypical pathogens?

A

Clarithrmoycin

Phase 3b/finals (19 decks)

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