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Biology 1010 > Organic Molecules in Biology > Flashcards

Organic Molecules in Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organic chemistry is the study

A

carbon compounds

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2
Q

Different individuals in a species are distinguished by variations in the types of

A

organic molecules they make

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3
Q

6 Major elements of life

A
  1. Carbon
    1. Hydrogen
    2. Oxygen
    3. Nitrogen
    4. Sulfur
      Phosphorus
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4
Q

carbon can make ___ bonds

A

four

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5
Q

carbon usually forms ___ or ___ covalent bonds

A

single or double

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6
Q

Shape of a molecule is central to its

A

function

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7
Q

Single covalent bonds form a

A

tetrahedron

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8
Q

Double bond

A

The carbons are on the same plane as are the atoms

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9
Q

Valence

A

Number of covalent bonds that can form

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10
Q

what are valence electrons based on

A

Number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell

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11
Q

four main atoms in organic molecules

A

a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen
Hydrogen
carbon

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12
Q

Carbon chains form the skeletons of

A

most organic molecules

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13
Q

variations of carbon chains can be found in the

A
  1. chain length
  2. branches
  3. double bond position
  4. presence of rings
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14
Q

Hydrocarbons

A
  1. Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
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15
Q

Isomers

A

Variations in the architecture of organic molecules

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16
Q

isomers have the same __________ but different ________

A

number of atoms of elements and structures

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17
Q

Isomers of organic molecules have

A

different functions

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18
Q

Structural isomers

A
  1. Differ in the covalent arrangements of their atom
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19
Q

Cis-trans isomers

A

Carbons have covalent bonds to the same atom but differ in their position

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20
Q

cis isomer

A

on the same side

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21
Q

trans isomer

A

opposite sites

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22
Q

Single bonds allow for the atoms to

A

freely about the bond axis without changing the compound

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23
Q

Enantiomers

A

Isomers that are mirror images of each other

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24
Q

how many enantiomer isomers are biologically active

A

only one

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25
Q

why is only one enantiomer isomer is biologically active

A

only one form can bind to a specific molecules in an organism

26
Q

Functional groups

A

Each has certain properties that cause it to participate in reactions in a normal (characteristic) way

27
Q

7 most important functional groups

A
  1. Hydroxyl
    1. Carbonyl
    2. Amino
    3. Sulfhydryl
    4. Phosphate
    5. Methyl
28
Q

Methyl serves as a

A

recognizable tag on biological molecules

29
Q

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

A

A more complicated organic phosphate

30
Q

ATP importance in cells

A

It is thought as storing the potential to react with water and Releases energy that can be used by the cell

31
Q

how is ADP formed

A

One phosphate group of ATP can split off as a result of a reaction with water

32
Q
A

Hydroxyl group

33
Q
A

Ketone (Carbonyl Group)

34
Q
A

Aldehyde (Carbonyl Group)

35
Q
A

carboxyl group

36
Q
A

Amino Group

37
Q
A

Sulfhydryl group

38
Q
A

Phosphate group

39
Q
A

Methyl Group

40
Q

why is a hydroxyl group polar

A

electronegative oxygen

41
Q

hydroxyl compound name

A

alcohol

42
Q

sugars with ketone

A

ketoses

43
Q

sugars with aldehydes

A

aldoses

44
Q

ketones have a carbonyl group

A

somewhere in the middle of the chain

45
Q

Aldehydes have a carbonyl group

A

at the end of the chain

46
Q

carboxyl groups act as an

A

acid

47
Q

why does a carboxyl group act as an acid

A

donates H+ ion because

48
Q

carboxyl compound name

A

carboxylic acid

49
Q

amino group acts as a

A

base

50
Q

why does the amino group act as a base

A

can pick up H+ from the solution

51
Q

amino group compound name

A

amine

52
Q

what does a crosslink of two SH group cause

A

more stabilization of the protein structure

53
Q

Sulfhydryl group compound name

A

thiol

54
Q

phosphate group contributes

A

negative charges

55
Q

when does a phosphate group have a -1 charge

A

inside the chain

56
Q

when does a phosphate group have a -2 charge

A

at the end of the chain

57
Q

phosphate group compound name

A

organic phosphate

58
Q

methyl group affects the

A

expression of genes when on DNA or proteins bound on DNA

59
Q

methyl group also affects the shape and function of

A

male and female sex hormones

60
Q

methyl group compound name

A

methylated compound

Biology 1010 (14 decks)

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