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Oncology Boards > Oral Tumors (some OMM) > Flashcards

Oral Tumors (some OMM) Flashcards

1
Q

What % of oral melanomas are amelanotic?

A

38%

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2
Q

What antiboides hawve been found to have 100% specificity and 94% sensitivity for dx’ing melanoma?

A

PNL2, Melan A, TRP-1 and TRP-2

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3
Q

What is the metastatic rate for dogs with OMM?

A

Stage dependent, can be as high as 80%

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4
Q

What are the five histologic subtypes of SCC in dogs?

A

conventional, papillary, basaloid, adenosquamous and spindle cell

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5
Q

What is the common case presentation for oral papillary SCC in dogs?

A

Young dogs (usually <9mo) in the rostral oral cavity

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6
Q

What location of oral SCC has a higher rate of metastasis vs. lower?

A

Higher: tongue and tonsil Lower: rostral oral cavity

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7
Q

What has been shown to increase the risk of oral SCC in cats?

A

flea collars and high intake of either canned food or canned tuna, household tobacco smoke

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8
Q

Mutations in what gene are significantly increased in SCC lesions in cats with smoke exposure compared to those w/o smoke exposure

A

p53

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9
Q

Increased tumor expression of ____ in cats with oral SCC may play a role in bone resorption and tumor invasion

A

parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rp)

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10
Q

What is the rate of metastasis for cats with oral SCC?

A

31% mandibular LN, 10% lungs

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11
Q

Where do hi-low fibrosarcs usually occur in dogs?

A

hard palate and maxillary arcade b/w canine and carnassial teeth

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12
Q

What are peripheral odontogenic fibromas?

A

benign gingival proliferations arising from the periodontal ligament (previous name = epulides)

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13
Q

Where are peripheral odontogenic fibromas more likely to occur in the mouth?

A

Maxilla rostral to the 3rd premolars

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14
Q

Where is the most common location for acanthomatous ameloblastoma?

A

Rostral mandibule (51%)

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15
Q

What was the diagnostic accuracy of FNA and impression smear cytology for cats and dogs with oral tumors?

A

FNA: dogs 98%, cats 96% impression: dogs 92%, cats 96%

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16
Q

Bone lysis is not evident on radiographs until ____% of the cortex is destroyed

A

40% or more

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17
Q

How did CT vs. radiographs compare for diagnosing invasion into surrounding structures for maxillary masses in dogs?

A

CT showed >90% of dogs had invasion vs. only 30% on radiographs

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18
Q

What was the relationship of normal and enlarged LN and presence of metastasis in dogs with OMM?

A

40% of dogs with normal sized LN had mets 49% of dogs with enlarged LNs did not have mets

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19
Q

For cats and dogs with oral tumors with LN metastasis, what was the rate of the mandibular LN being affected?

A

55% - need to look at other nodes, too!

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20
Q

What is the one type of oral tumor that does not often invade the underlying bone?

A

peripheral odontogenic fibromas

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21
Q

How do cats tolerate mandibulectomy?

A

Not well - usually need to have reconstruction (compared to dogs which reconstruction is not recommended due to high rate of complications)

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22
Q

What are the most common complications from maxillectomy?

A

Blood loss and hypotension

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23
Q

What % of cats will never eat voluntarily after mandibulectomy?

A

12%

24
Q

What is the overall rate of mets to the lungs for OMM

A

14-67%

25
Q

What is the overall rate of mets to the lungs for OMM

A

14-67%

26
Q

What are known prognostic variables for dogs with OMM treated with surgery +/- other therapies

A

Tumor size, age, clinical stage, ability of 1st sx to achieve local control, degree of differentiation, MI, nuclear atypia score, pigment quant, COX-2 expression, PDGFR expression, Ki67 expression, c-kit expression

27
Q

What is the overall rate of response of OMM to RT? What percent are CR?

A

81-100%, up to 70% CR

28
Q

what is the overall ST for dogs with OMM treated with RT?

A

192-401d

29
Q

MST for OMM T1 vs. T2 vs. T3

A

T1 19mo T2 or T3 <7mo

30
Q

MST for dogs treated with hypofractionated RT based on stage?

A

Stage I = 758d II = 278d III = 163d IV 80d

31
Q

Result of phase I OMM vx trial? (Responses?, MST?)

A

Dog with lung mets at CR n=2 stage IV lived >400d n=2 stage II or III lived 500d w/o evidence of melanoma at necropsy **MST sig improved when primary site + LN treated with sx or RT**

32
Q

One study of the OMM vx showed that dogs under what wight did better

A

20kg

33
Q

What locations may be associated with longer STs for OMM

A

Lip (MST 580d) Tongue (MST 551)

34
Q

What is prognosis for dogs with well-differentiated OMM treated with surgery alone?

A

only 5% died of OMM, MST 34mo

35
Q

Rate of metastasis for dogs with oral SCC?

A

Regional LN 10%, lungs 3-36%

36
Q

What areas of the mouth are associated with a more aggressive behavior and higher rate of mets for canine oral SCC

A

tonsils and base of tongue - rate of mets 73%

37
Q

What is the rate of local recurrence from oral SCC for dogs treated with mandibulectomy and what is the MST?

A

0-10%; MST 19-43mo

38
Q

What is the rate of local recurrence from oral SCC for dogs treated with maxillectomy and what is the MST?

A

14-29%; MST 10-39mo

39
Q

What are prognostic factors for dogs with OSCC?

A

Presence of tumor-associated inflammation and risk score of 2 or ≥ 3 (combination of tumor-assoc inflammation, lymphatic or vascular invasion and peripheral nerve invasion)

40
Q

What molecular marker has been shown prognostic in dogs with surgically resected mandibular or maxillary OSCC?

A

proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (PCNA) >65% MST 155d ≤65% MAR not reached

41
Q

What is the MST for dogs with OSSC treated with RT alone vs. surgery + RT

A

RT alone 15-16mo RT + surgery: 34mo

42
Q

What was the response rate to piroxicam alone for dogs with OSCC?

A

17% - 1 CR and 2 PR

43
Q

What was the CR rate for dogs with T3 oral SCC treated with carbo + piroxicam

A

57% - sustained in all dogs at median follow-up time of 534d

44
Q

Rate of metastasis for OMM vs. OSCC (Grimes JAVMA 2019)

A

OMM 37% to LN, OSCC 29% to LN Lungs: OMM 41% (most after surgery), 1 dog suspected with OSCC (4.7%)

45
Q

Rate of medial retropharyngeal LN metastasis in dogs with OMM or OSCC?(Grimes JAVMA 2019)

A

13/16 dogs that had MLN and MRLN removed (81%), 3 of which had MRLN affected w/o MLN

46
Q

Rate of contralateral LN mets in dogs with OMM or OSCC (Grimes JAVMA 2019)

A

4/17 dogs that underwent ipsilateral and bilateral lymphadenectomy

47
Q

What are the types of feline epulides and what is their rate of occurrence? (Bruijn Vet Path 2007)

A

Fibromatous - 57.7%

Ossifying - 5.8%

acanthomatous - 7.7%

giant cell - 28.8%

48
Q

Which form of feline epulides has a more aggressive behavior? (Bruijn Vet Path 2007)

A

Giant cell - rapid growth, ulceration, rapid recurrence after surgery

49
Q

In addition to other markers, what mm specific marker should rhabdomyosarcomas be positive for?

A

desmin

50
Q

Of 8 cats treated with a radical mandibulectomy for oral neoplasia (most commonly scc) what was the rate of local recurrence and MST? Also, how many voluntarily ate after? (Boston vet surg 2019)

A

3 had local recurrence

MST 712d

6/8 ate on own

51
Q

What was the most common intraoperative complications of partial maxillectomies for oral tumors in dogs? (MacLellan JAVMA 2018)

A

excessive bleeding (53.4%0 - 42.7% needed transfusion intraoperatively

52
Q

What was the rate of local recurrence and metastasis for dogs with oral FSA treated with surgery +/- RT? (Frazier VCO 2011)

A

24% local recurrence (historic higher at 32-57%)

24% mets

53
Q

What was the mPFI and MST for dogs with oral FSA treated with surgery +/- RT? (Frazier VCO 2011)

A

mPFI >653d (21.8mo)

MST 743d (24.8mo)

54
Q

What was associated with OSCC vs. CAA and correlated with a more aggressive local behavior? (Peralta J Comp Path 2019)

A

Ki67 labeling index - higher in OSCC

55
Q

Sanger sequencing showed that CAA had a 94% rate of _____ mutations which have also been found in humans with AA (Peralta VCO 2019)

A

HRAS (somatic HRAS, p.Q61R)

Oncology Boards (26 decks)

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