Histiocytic Diseases Flashcards
What IHC markers can be used to identify macrophages? (histiocytic review)
CD11b, CD18, CD14, CD68
What was the PFS and OST for dogs with primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma treated with either chemo therapy or surgery + chemo? (Marlowe VCO 2018)
Chemo: PFS 91d, OST 131d
Sx + Chemo: PFS 276d, OST 374d
What was the prognosis for dogs with solitary cutaneous histiocytomas with LN mets? (Faller JSAP 2016)
No median survival provided, but long survivals possibly, some dogs had spontaneous regression of primary and metastatic lesions
What was the MST for dogs with HS involving the CNS? What breeds were overrrepresented? (Mariani JVIM 2015)
MST 3d
Breeds: retrievers (labs and goldens), Pembroke Welsh Corgos
What was the MST for pembroke welsh corgos treated with sx+chemo or chemo alone? (Kagawa J Vet Med Sci 2015)
MST 133d, no difference based on tx type
What was the MST for periarticular HS (treated with a variety of local/systemic therapies) vs. non-PAHS in dogs? What about MST for PAHS w/o vs. w/ mets? (Klahn JAVMA 2011)
PAHS MST 391d vs. other HS 128d
PAHS w/o mets 980d, w/ mets 253d
What IHC marker was expressed in all canine HS but not other round cell tumors? (Kato J Comp Path 2013)
All HS CD204+
All HS also CD18+ and MHCII + but these were variable in other round cell tumors, too
CD204 is what?
Class A macrophage scavenger receptor
What marker is used to characterize hemophagocytic HS? What other markers is it usually positive for? (Moore vet path 2006)
CD11d+
Also MHC class II and CD 18+ b/c tumors arise from splenic red pulp or bone marrow
What were common clin path findings in dogs with hemophagocytic HS? (Moore Vet Path 2006)
Coombs negative anemia (94%)
thrombocytopenia (88%)
Hypoalbuminemia (94%)
Hypocholesterolemia (69%)
What cells do cutaneous histiocytomas arise from?
Langerhans cells
What bree is overrepresented for langerhans cell histiocytosis? what is the usual clinical course?
Shar Peis
lesions can regress but about 50% of dogs usually euth because of lcak of reqgression + ulcerative lesions
What is the rate of mets to the local LN for localized HS?
60%
What is the general prognosis for localized periarticular HS? What about if it is synovial?
Overall 9-12mo
synovial 3-4mo
What was the most common location for HS in mini schanuzers? (Lenz, JSAP 2017) **Committee member**
9/10 primary pumonary - large mass w/ intra-thoracic mets
1 gastric HS w/nodal mets
4 were disseminated
**Pedigree analysis supports inherited risk factor**
Increased risk of Joint associated histiocytic sarcoma in dogs w/ prior joint disease affects primarily which breeds? What location of PAHS was most commonly associated with joint disease, specifically what kind? (Manor VCO 2017) **Committee**
Berners +/- Rotties
88.2% stifle PAHS had prior joint disease, usually CCL rupture
What was the odds ratio of prior joint disease in the tumor affected limb of dogs with PAHS? (Manor VCO 2017) **Committee**
13.42
What exotics and large animals has HS been reported in?
Hedgehogs, ferrets, rabbits, cows, horses
What cytokines and growth factors influence dendritic cell development
FLT3 ligand, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-4, TGF-beta
Blood monocytes differentiate into macrophages under the influence of ______ or into DCs under the influence of _____
macrophages: macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)
DCs: GM-CSF and IL-4
Regression of histiocytomas is mediated by which cells?
CD8+ alpha/beta T cells
What unique markers are present on cells that cause reactive histiocytosis?
Thy-1 and CD4+
E-cadherin negative
What is the firstline therapy for reactive histiocytosis?
corticosteroids - CR w/ median of 45 days in one study
What genetic abnormalities have been found in Bernese Moutain Dogs and Flat coated retrievers with HS?
deletions of tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/B, RB1 and PTEN
almost all (96%) of BMD had mutation in CDKN2A in another study
FCR are more likely to have HS affecting what _____ vs. BMD are more likely HS in what location?
FCR = limbs
BMD - visceral
What IHC differentiates PAHS from synovial cell sarcoma?
CD18, cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin
What marker can be used for ICC identification of HS?
CD 18 and CD204
In one study, 89% of dogs with HS had what change in the blood?
hyperferritinemia
What is the most common lung lobe affected by HS?
right middle
MST for dogs with PAHS confirmed with CD18 staining after treatment with amputation? Metastatic rate?
6mo; 91%
What was the ORR to single agent CCNU for dogs with macroscopic HS? What was the MST for responders vs. nonresponders?
ORR 46%
MST: 85d
responders: 172d (5.7mo)
non responders: 60d. (2mo)
What MST has been documented in a study of 16 dogs treated for localized HS with aggressive combination therapy (CCNU + surgery and/or RT)? Skorupski VCO 2009)
19mo (568d)
DFI 243d (
What was the ORR and MTTP for dogs with HS treated with CCNU + Dox
ORR 58%, MTTP 185d
What was the ORR to dacarbazine as a rescue agent for HS? What was the event free survival in these dogs?
18%; 70d
What was the ORR to epirubicin for HS in dogs?
29%
What three diseases make up the recognized feline histiocytic disorders
- HS similar to dogs
- feline progressive histiocytosis - cutaneous form with indolent but progressive behavior
- pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis
What is the median MST for cats with feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH)?
13.4mo - usually due to late spread to LN, lungs, abdominal visceral organs
Are male or female cats more likely to develop feline progressive histiocytosis? (Affolter Vet Path 2006)
Females
What was the clinical presentation for feline progressive histiocytosis? (Affolter Vet Path 2006)
Solitary or multiple nonpruritic papules, nodules, and plaques
predilection for feet, legs and face
What were the histo and IHC features of feline progressive histiocytosis? (Affolter Vet Path 2006)
Histiocytic infiltrates of superficial and deep dermis
expressed CD1a, CD1c, CD18, MHCII - dendritic cell origin
3 cats also had coexpression of e-cadherin - feature of cutaneous langerhans cells
