Misc - Mesothelioma, Cardiac, Thymoma, etc. Flashcards
Which form of asbestos is more likely to cause mesothelioma?
the amphibole (vs. chrysotile which is now 90% of what is used)
Mutations in what are common in humans with mesothelioma
tumor suppressor genes - CDKN2A, BRCA1, BAP1, neurofibromin 2 (NF2)
In what species do mesothelial tumors more commonly occur in young or new born animals
cattle and sheep
Mesothelial cells appear morphologically as ____ but their derivation is from _____
epithelial cells; mesoderm
Mesothelioma can be ruled out as a cause of pleural effusion in dogs and cats if ____levels are not increased
pleural effusion levels of fibronectin (sensitive but not specific)
What are the most useful IHC markers for mesothelioma in humans
calretinin, wilms’ tumor gene (WT1), cytokeratin 5/6 and D2-40
What is the most common cardiac tumor in cats?
LSA - primary and secondary
What is the sensitivity of radiographs for detecting cardiac HSA
47%
Which cancer was most likely to have pulmonary nodules at first CT & what was the prevalence (Lamb, VRU 2019)
HSA, 41% (24/58 dogs)
What were the most common findings for dogs with multiple myeloma + neuro changes on MRI? Wyatt VRU 2019
- all had extradural material extending into the vertebral canal causing variable spinal cord compression
- lesions were usually hyper- to isointense on T2 and T1-weighted sequences
- variable but homogeneous contrast enhancement
What was the sensitivity and specificity of echo for detecting cardiac masses in dogs with pericardial effusion? (MacDonald JAVMA 2009)
82% sensitivity
100% specific
What was the sensitivity and specificity of echo for detecting heart base masses in dogs with pericardial effusion? (MacDonald JAVMA 2009)
74% sensitive
98% specific
What were the most common causes of lympho-cyte rich pleural effusions in cats? (Probo JFMS 2017)
69.7% heart disease
27% mediasitinal LSA, carcinoma, thoracic mass or thymoma
3% (n=1) chylothorax
What was the ORR for dogs with heart base masses treated with Palladia? (Lew VCO 2019)
10%
RR for dogs with mets specifically = 28.5%
What was the rate of improvement of clinical signs for dogs treated with palladia for heart base masses? (Lew VCO 2019)
90% improvement with 81% CR of clinical signs
What was the MST for dogs treated for heart base masses with palladia? What about mets vs. no mets?
overall MST 823d
w/mets 532d
w/o MST 796
What was the MST for dogs with right atrial masses treated with doxorubicin-based chemo? (Ghaffari JSAP 2014)
MST 139.5d
What was the MST for dogs with right atrial masses treated with surgery alone vs. surgery + chemo (Weisse JAVMA 2005)
Surgery alone 42d
w/chemo 175d
What was the MST of dogs with aortic body tumors with or without pericardectomy? (Ehrhart Vet Surg 2002)
w/ pericardectomy 730d
w.o 42d
Rate of BLV in herds and bulls in MI? Anything statistically significant in infected vs. uninfected bulls? (JAVMA 2019, Benitez)
19/39 herds (48.7%) and 54/121 bulls (44.6%) infected; provirus DNA in all 54 bulls and in smegma of 4, not detected in any semen sample Lymphocyte count significantly higher in BLV-infected bulls and lymphocyte count positively associated with BLV proviral load
What markers were all mesothelial samples (reactive, atypical, mesothelioma and normal pericardium) postive for (confirming mesothelial origin) (Milne JSAP 2018
cytokeratin and vimentin
What IHC markers had higher expression in atypical mesothelial proliferations and in mesothelioma compared to reactive mesothelium? (Milne JSAP 2018)
IGF2-mRNA binding protein 3 (best) but also glucose transporter 1
Panel for mesthelioma recommended: cytokeratin, vimentin, IGF2-mRNA binding protein 3 and glucose transporter 1
What markers were all feline mesotheliomas positive for? (Bacci J Comp path 2006)
Vimentin and CK AE1/AE3
What percent of pericardial effusion samples provided diagnostic cytology? What did and what did not increase this? (Cagle JVIM 2014)
7.7%
HCT <10% increased percentage to 20.3%
mass on echo did NOT increase likelihood of being diagnostic
What was the MST for dogs treated with thoracoscpoic pericardial windows for pericardial effusion caused by neoplasia (mass (4) mesothelioma (1)) vs. idiopathic pericardial effusion? (Atencia JSAP 2013)
Neoplastic: MST 30d
IPE 635d
What are the paraneoplastic syndromes that have been reported in cats with thymoma?
amyloid deposition
acquired myasthenia gravis
erythema multiforme
granuloctyopenia
exfoliative dermatitis
What are the PARR results for 13 canine thymomas? (Vessieres J comp Path 2018)
12/13 (93%) = polyclonal
1/13 = t cell polyclonal
What was the ORR and MST for rabbits treated with RT for thymoma? (dolera VRU 2016)
100% CR, MST not reached at 2yrs, none died of thymoma
What are the most common clinical signs of thymoma in rabbits?
dyspnea
exercise intolerance
bilateral exophthalmos
What is the MST for cats vs. dogs treated with surgery for thymoma? What is associated with a longer survival? (Zitz JAVMA 2008)
Cats: 1825d = 60mo = 5yrs
Dogs: 790d = 26.3mo
higher percentage of lymphocytes in mass associated with longer survival
What was the MST and 1yr survival for dogs treated with hypofx RT for thymoma? (Goto VRU 2017)
ORR 50%
MST not reached
1yr survival 75%
What do you have to be careful of when treating thymoma with RT?
Rapid response (up to 31% shrinkage with/in 1 week) - benefit from adaptive radiotherapy planning
What was the perioperative mortality for dogs and cats treated with surgery for thymic epithelial tumors? (Garneau Vet Surg 2015) What were MSTs and what was associated with decreased survival?
Dogs 20%, MST 1.7yrs, paraneoplastic syndromes + incomplete margins = decreased ST
Cats 22%, MST 3.7yrs, no prognostic factors
Bovine leukemia virus is what type of virus? how are cows infected/what cells is it harbored in?
C-type oncogenic retrovirus
Most transmission horizontal (iatrogenic or flies) - infected via blood or blood products with infected lymphocytes (provirus harbored in B cells)
How is BVL diagnosed and what are the outcomes?
Serology most common: AGID or ELIS; can also do PCR on peripheral blood lymphs
3 outcomes:
persistent infection w/o signs (most common)
29% persistent lymphocytosis
<5% lymphoma
What are the common integration sites for FeLV?
six loci:
c-myc
flvi-1
flvi-2
fit-1
pim-1
flit-1
What are the characteristics of the three types of FeLV?
A = minimally pathogenic
B = assoc’ w/ variety of pathogenic properties - LSA, leukemia and anemia
C = causes pure red cell aplasia
The only report of a malignant ameloblastic carcinoma with metastasis to the submandibular LN was in what spp
a rat
What are the characteristics of seminomas in rabbits?
- Originates from gonocytes
- Malignant, frequently met
- gonocytes express placental ALP (PLAP) and statin w/ periodic acid-schiff (PAS)
For cattle that have esophageal scar tissue, what should be a ddx?
esophageal SCC from exposure to bracken fern
What is the tumor type for the Tasmanian Devil facial tumor disease?
