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Oncology Boards > Misc - Mesothelioma, Cardiac, Thymoma, etc. > Flashcards

Misc - Mesothelioma, Cardiac, Thymoma, etc. Flashcards

1
Q

Which form of asbestos is more likely to cause mesothelioma?

A

the amphibole (vs. chrysotile which is now 90% of what is used)

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2
Q

Mutations in what are common in humans with mesothelioma

A

tumor suppressor genes - CDKN2A, BRCA1, BAP1, neurofibromin 2 (NF2)

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3
Q

In what species do mesothelial tumors more commonly occur in young or new born animals

A

cattle and sheep

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4
Q

Mesothelial cells appear morphologically as ____ but their derivation is from _____

A

epithelial cells; mesoderm

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5
Q

Mesothelioma can be ruled out as a cause of pleural effusion in dogs and cats if ____levels are not increased

A

pleural effusion levels of fibronectin (sensitive but not specific)

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6
Q

What are the most useful IHC markers for mesothelioma in humans

A

calretinin, wilms’ tumor gene (WT1), cytokeratin 5/6 and D2-40

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7
Q

What is the most common cardiac tumor in cats?

A

LSA - primary and secondary

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8
Q

What is the sensitivity of radiographs for detecting cardiac HSA

A

47%

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9
Q

Which cancer was most likely to have pulmonary nodules at first CT & what was the prevalence (Lamb, VRU 2019)

A

HSA, 41% (24/58 dogs)

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10
Q

What were the most common findings for dogs with multiple myeloma + neuro changes on MRI? Wyatt VRU 2019

A
  • all had extradural material extending into the vertebral canal causing variable spinal cord compression
  • lesions were usually hyper- to isointense on T2 and T1-weighted sequences
    • variable but homogeneous contrast enhancement
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11
Q

What was the sensitivity and specificity of echo for detecting cardiac masses in dogs with pericardial effusion? (MacDonald JAVMA 2009)

A

82% sensitivity

100% specific

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12
Q

What was the sensitivity and specificity of echo for detecting heart base masses in dogs with pericardial effusion? (MacDonald JAVMA 2009)

A

74% sensitive

98% specific

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13
Q

What were the most common causes of lympho-cyte rich pleural effusions in cats? (Probo JFMS 2017)

A

69.7% heart disease

27% mediasitinal LSA, carcinoma, thoracic mass or thymoma

3% (n=1) chylothorax

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14
Q

What was the ORR for dogs with heart base masses treated with Palladia? (Lew VCO 2019)

A

10%

RR for dogs with mets specifically = 28.5%

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15
Q

What was the rate of improvement of clinical signs for dogs treated with palladia for heart base masses? (Lew VCO 2019)

A

90% improvement with 81% CR of clinical signs

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16
Q

What was the MST for dogs treated for heart base masses with palladia? What about mets vs. no mets?

A

overall MST 823d

w/mets 532d

w/o MST 796

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17
Q

What was the MST for dogs with right atrial masses treated with doxorubicin-based chemo? (Ghaffari JSAP 2014)

A

MST 139.5d

18
Q

What was the MST for dogs with right atrial masses treated with surgery alone vs. surgery + chemo (Weisse JAVMA 2005)

A

Surgery alone 42d

w/chemo 175d

19
Q

What was the MST of dogs with aortic body tumors with or without pericardectomy? (Ehrhart Vet Surg 2002)

A

w/ pericardectomy 730d

w.o 42d

20
Q

Rate of BLV in herds and bulls in MI? Anything statistically significant in infected vs. uninfected bulls? (JAVMA 2019, Benitez)

A

19/39 herds (48.7%) and 54/121 bulls (44.6%) infected; provirus DNA in all 54 bulls and in smegma of 4, not detected in any semen sample Lymphocyte count significantly higher in BLV-infected bulls and lymphocyte count positively associated with BLV proviral load

21
Q

What markers were all mesothelial samples (reactive, atypical, mesothelioma and normal pericardium) postive for (confirming mesothelial origin) (Milne JSAP 2018

A

cytokeratin and vimentin

22
Q

What IHC markers had higher expression in atypical mesothelial proliferations and in mesothelioma compared to reactive mesothelium? (Milne JSAP 2018)

A

IGF2-mRNA binding protein 3 (best) but also glucose transporter 1

Panel for mesthelioma recommended: cytokeratin, vimentin, IGF2-mRNA binding protein 3 and glucose transporter 1

23
Q

What markers were all feline mesotheliomas positive for? (Bacci J Comp path 2006)

A

Vimentin and CK AE1/AE3

24
Q

What percent of pericardial effusion samples provided diagnostic cytology? What did and what did not increase this? (Cagle JVIM 2014)

A

7.7%

HCT <10% increased percentage to 20.3%

mass on echo did NOT increase likelihood of being diagnostic

25
Q

What was the MST for dogs treated with thoracoscpoic pericardial windows for pericardial effusion caused by neoplasia (mass (4) mesothelioma (1)) vs. idiopathic pericardial effusion? (Atencia JSAP 2013)

A

Neoplastic: MST 30d

IPE 635d

26
Q

What are the paraneoplastic syndromes that have been reported in cats with thymoma?

A

amyloid deposition

acquired myasthenia gravis

erythema multiforme

granuloctyopenia

exfoliative dermatitis

27
Q

What are the PARR results for 13 canine thymomas? (Vessieres J comp Path 2018)

A

12/13 (93%) = polyclonal

1/13 = t cell polyclonal

28
Q

What was the ORR and MST for rabbits treated with RT for thymoma? (dolera VRU 2016)

A

100% CR, MST not reached at 2yrs, none died of thymoma

29
Q

What are the most common clinical signs of thymoma in rabbits?

A

dyspnea

exercise intolerance

bilateral exophthalmos

30
Q

What is the MST for cats vs. dogs treated with surgery for thymoma? What is associated with a longer survival? (Zitz JAVMA 2008)

A

Cats: 1825d = 60mo = 5yrs

Dogs: 790d = 26.3mo

higher percentage of lymphocytes in mass associated with longer survival

31
Q

What was the MST and 1yr survival for dogs treated with hypofx RT for thymoma? (Goto VRU 2017)

A

ORR 50%

MST not reached

1yr survival 75%

32
Q

What do you have to be careful of when treating thymoma with RT?

A

Rapid response (up to 31% shrinkage with/in 1 week) - benefit from adaptive radiotherapy planning

33
Q

What was the perioperative mortality for dogs and cats treated with surgery for thymic epithelial tumors? (Garneau Vet Surg 2015) What were MSTs and what was associated with decreased survival?

A

Dogs 20%, MST 1.7yrs, paraneoplastic syndromes + incomplete margins = decreased ST

Cats 22%, MST 3.7yrs, no prognostic factors

34
Q

Bovine leukemia virus is what type of virus? how are cows infected/what cells is it harbored in?

A

C-type oncogenic retrovirus

Most transmission horizontal (iatrogenic or flies) - infected via blood or blood products with infected lymphocytes (provirus harbored in B cells)

35
Q

How is BVL diagnosed and what are the outcomes?

A

Serology most common: AGID or ELIS; can also do PCR on peripheral blood lymphs

3 outcomes:

persistent infection w/o signs (most common)

29% persistent lymphocytosis

<5% lymphoma

36
Q

What are the common integration sites for FeLV?

A

six loci:

c-myc

flvi-1

flvi-2

fit-1

pim-1

flit-1

37
Q

What are the characteristics of the three types of FeLV?

A

A = minimally pathogenic

B = assoc’ w/ variety of pathogenic properties - LSA, leukemia and anemia

C = causes pure red cell aplasia

38
Q

The only report of a malignant ameloblastic carcinoma with metastasis to the submandibular LN was in what spp

A

a rat

39
Q

What are the characteristics of seminomas in rabbits?

A
  • Originates from gonocytes
  • Malignant, frequently met
  • ​gonocytes express placental ALP (PLAP) and statin w/ periodic acid-schiff (PAS)​
40
Q

For cattle that have esophageal scar tissue, what should be a ddx?

A

esophageal SCC from exposure to bracken fern

41
Q

What is the tumor type for the Tasmanian Devil facial tumor disease?

A

Oncology Boards (26 decks)

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