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Oncology Boards > Mammary > Flashcards

Mammary Flashcards

1
Q

What was the ORR and CBR for dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma treated with medical therapy (toceranib, piroxicam and thalidomide) w/ or w/o hypofx RT? (Rossi VCO 2018)

A

Medical alone: ORR 21%, CBR: 64%

Medical + RT: ORR and CBR 100%

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2
Q

What was the median TTP and MST for dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma treated with combination medical therapy (toceranib, piroxicam and thalidomide) w/ or w/o hypofx RT? (Rossi VCO 2018)

A

Medical alone: TTP 28d, MST 59d

Medical + hypofx RT: TTP 156d, MST 180d

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3
Q

Did dogs with highly malignant canine mammary tumors treated with surgery do better w/ the addition of firocoxib or mitoxantrone post-op? (Arenas Vet Record 2016)

A

firocoxib dogs did better (DFS 24mo) than mito (DFS 10mo) or control dogs

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4
Q

What was the mDFI and MST for cats treated with chain mastectomy + inguinal lymphadenctomy + mito? (Cunha JFMS 2015)

A

mDFI 360d, MST 480d

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5
Q

What dose/schedule of mito was used in cats as adjuvant therapy for mammary carcinoma after surgery + LN removal? What were the AEs? (Cunha JFMS 2015)

A

6mg/m2 IV q3wks intended for 4 cycles

AEs = azotemia, anorexia, leukopenia and vomiting

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6
Q

What was the metastasis free survival and OST for dogs treated for mammary carcinoma with post-op adjuvant doxo or docetaxel?

A

met free survival 294d, OST 370

not stat sig different than those w/o chemo - no clear role for adjuvant chemo but trend toward longer survivals in dogs with chemo

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7
Q

What were poor prognostic factors for dogs with stage II or III malignant mammary tumors treated with surgery +/- doxo or docetaxel? (Simon JVIM 2006

A

LN mets, tumor fixed, age, histo stage

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8
Q

Prevalence of malignancy was significantly lower in what mammary gland in dogs? Was the number (single vs. multiple) mammary masses per dog associated with malignancy in this study? (Kaufman JAVMA 2019)

A

Sig lower in 4th mammary chain (previous lit says 4/5th more likely to get malignancy)

dogs with multiple masses didnt have an increased risk of having them be malignant

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9
Q

What did canine primary mammary tumors express more of compared to the cells at their LN or distant met?

A

primary cells more E-cadherin and vimentin + and co-expression of SNAIL/SLUG immunoreactivity

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10
Q

What subytpes of mammary tumors are associated with prolonged survival in dogs? (Rasotta Vet Path 2017)

A

complex and simple tubular

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11
Q

What mammary tumor subtypes were associated with a 10-fold increased risk of tumor-related death in dogs (Rasotta Vet Path 2017)

A

Simple tubulopapillary carcinoma, intraductal papillary carcinoma, and malignant myoepithelioma

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12
Q

What were the only significant prognostic factors identified in the Rasotta vet Path 2017 paper?

A

Tumor diameter: strong predictor of local recurrence, distant mets and survival

lymphatic invasion and histo grade predicitive of recurrence/ distant mets and survival

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13
Q

What is the significance of the vitamin D receptor and mammary cancer? (Sanchez-Cespedes VCO 2018)

A

VDR expression identified in human breast cancer - may be good targeted treatment

VDR expression was higher in canine normal mammary tissue and benign tumors compared to malignant

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14
Q

What breed was overrepresented in male dogs that developed mammary carcinoma (Bearss Vet Path 2012)

A

Cocker spaniels

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15
Q

What was the general behavior for mammary tumors in male dogs? (Bearss Vet Path 2012)

A

All benign, mostly simple adenomas

No dogs died or were euth due to mammary tumor

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16
Q

What IHC markers are related to the general biologic behavior of male mammary tumors? (Bearss Vet Path 2012)

A

IHC positive for calponin and p63 due to presence of an intact myoepithelium

17
Q

What was found regarding PDGF beta receptor (PDGFBR) expression and its effects in canine mammary tumor cell lines (Altamura ResVetSci 2017)

A

PDGFBR expressed and hyperphosphorylated in most tumor samples and cell lines

Both MEK and ERK expressed and activated in all cell lines and biopsies

18
Q

What cells were significantly suppressed in dogs with stage II or III mammary carcinoma? (Karayannopoulou Vet Immuno 2017)

A

cd8+ cytotoxic t cells

19
Q

Increased expression what was found in cats with early stage mammary carcinoma w/o mets (Pisamai J comp Path 2017)

A

Increased TIMP-1 and PNF (peripheral neoplastic foci)

20
Q

What had marked expression in late stage feline mammary carcinoma? (Pisamai J comp path 2017)

A

CDH-1 (e-cadherin) and Ki67

21
Q

What were expressed at higher levels in high grade mammary carcinoma in cats compared to low grade? (Pisamai J comp Path 2017)

A

MMP 2- and 9, TIMP-1 in PNF

22
Q

What are the three main factors that play important roles in mammary gland tumor risk in dogs

A

age, hormonal exposure and breed

(lesser degree body weight/obesity)

23
Q

Dogs spayed before their first estrus have a _____ risk of developing MGTs in their lifetime. OHE decreases over ______ and there is no significant benefit of OHE after ____yrs of age

A

0.5%

decreases over the first few estrus cycles

no sig benefit after 4yrs of age (newer data says this may not be true - benefit found in OHE at time of mammary mass removal in dogs with a mean of 9yrs)

24
Q

Germline polymorphisms in _____ have been identified with a significantly increased risk of MGTs in English springers

A

BracA1 and BRCA2

25
Q

When is body weight most significant in MGT development in female dogs

A

puberty (9-12mo); underweight dogs actually have protection against later tumor development

26
Q

(benign/malignant) mammary tumors are more likely to retain hormon receptors (estrogen and progrestorone)

A

benign

27
Q

What is the rate of positive staining for HER-2 in canine mammary tumors and what is it’s association with prognosis?

A

17-48%

humans: associated with aggressive behavior/poor prog
dogs: one study suggested short survival times, but 2 other studies showed improved survival times

28
Q

What are the size cutoffs for canine mammary carcinoma staging? What are the stages?

A

Stage1: T1 <3cm N0M0

2: T2 3-5cm, N0M0
3: T3>5cm, N0M0
4: any T, N1, M0
5: any T and N, M1

29
Q

What are most canine and feline mammary tumor grading schemes based on and most incorporate what features?

A

The Elston and Ellis grading system

tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism, mitoses/10hpf

30
Q

What are the three most common prognostic factors for canine mammary carcinoma

A

tumor size, LN involvement and WHO stage

31
Q

What % of dogs will develop a second MGT after lumpectomy?

A

70%

32
Q

What is the current surgical recommendation for a dog with a single MGT of known or unknown histologic type?

A

surgical excision wide enough to completely remove the tumor

Oncology Boards (26 decks)

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