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Oncology Boards > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What was the relationship between serum c-reactive protein and Spirocercosis? (Mukorera JVIM 2011)

A

Elevated for both benign and malignant spirocercosis - can’t tell apart

CRP did go down with treatment for benign spirocircosis

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2
Q

What was the relationship between serum ALP and esophageal nodules? (Mukorera Vet Clin Path 2011)

A

No difference in malignant vs. benign esophageal nodules - can’t differentiate noplastic vs. not

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3
Q

What was the MST for cats treated with surgery for exocine pacnreatic carcinoma? (Nicoletti JAAHA 2018)

A

MST 316.5d

3 cats alive median follow-up time 309 days

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4
Q

What was the metastatic rate in 34 cats with feline exocrine pancreatic neoplasia? (Linderman VCO 2012)

A

32% (11/34)

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5
Q

What was the overall MST for cats for 34 cats with exocrine pancreatic neoplasia? What about with surgery or chemo?

A

overall MST 97d

+chem/surgery = 165d

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6
Q

What has been shown to be a negative prognostic indicator in cats with feline exocrine pancreatic neoplasia? (Linderman VCO 2012)

A

abdominal effusion (MST 30d)

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7
Q

What is the most common form of canine pancreatic carcinoma? (Aupperle-Leebach Comp Path 2019)

A

acinar carcinoma then solid

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8
Q

What was elevated in dogs with acinar pancreatic carcinoma? (Aupperle-Leebach Comp Path 2019)

A

cPLI, DGGR lipase, cTLI and CRP

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9
Q

What was the metastatic rate in 22 dogs with pancreatic carcinoma? (Aupperle-Leebach, J Comp. Path 2019)

A

63.6% (14/22)

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10
Q

What is the main cause of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia?

A

IGF-2 (has been found in dogs with pancreatic carcinoma)

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11
Q

What was the rate of major post-op complications in dogs treated with surgery for gastric carcinoma? (Abrams Vet Surg 2019)

A

8/40 dogs - septic peritonitis (20%)

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12
Q

What were the median PFI and MST for dogs treated with surgery for gastric carcinoma? (Abrams Vet Surg 2019)

A

PFI 54d, MST 178d

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13
Q

What do gastric carcinoids arise from?

A

Enterchormaffin cells

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14
Q

What has been associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoids in people?

A

chronic PPI use

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15
Q

What IHC markers have been found in gastric carcinoma? What were they associated with? (Carrasco Vet Path 2011)

A

p53 overexpression - tumor infiltration

p21 loss - lymphatic vessel invasion

Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) overexpressed in all gastric ca

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16
Q

What is Menetrier disease?

A

Hypertrophic gastropathy with hyperplasia of the mucous cells + concurrent loss of chief and parietal cells

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17
Q

Menetrier dcisease is a known risk factor for ___ in people and has been found in what breed of dog?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma; Carin Terriers

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18
Q

What percent of gastric carcinomas stained positive for carbohydrate tumor antigen C2-O-sLEx and what was it associated with? (Janke Vet Path 2010)

A

56%; stronger staining in poorly differentiated tumors

Assoc. with mets and poor prog in humans

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19
Q

What are the most common clinical findings in horses with gastric neoplasia? (Taylor JVIM 2009)

A

Inappetence and weight loss

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20
Q

What was the most common gastric tumor type found in horses? What other types were found? (Taylor JVIM 2009)

A

SCC most common

Leiomyoma, mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma, LSA

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21
Q

What was the MST for horses with gastric tumors? (Taylor JVIM 2009)

A

MST 4wks

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22
Q

What is the overall rate of metastasis for gastric carcinoma in dogs?

A

70-90%

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23
Q

What mutations have been found in human gastric carcinoma that are also suspected to be involved in canine GCa

A

EGFR, KRAS, HER3

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24
Q

What is the most common mesenchymal gastric tumor in dogs?

A

Leiomyomas

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25
Q

Gastric leiomyomas are associated with what paraneoplastic syndrome caused by secretion of what?

A

Hypoglycemia from insuline-like GF II-like peptide

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26
Q

What two IHC markers should be used for differentiating b/w canine GIST and leiomyosarcomas?

A

DOG1 and KIT

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27
Q

What dogs were found to be significantly predisposed to massive HCC? (Leela-Arporn Vet J 2019)

A

Beagles and Welsh Corgi

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28
Q

Copper concentration in non-neoplastic liver from dogs with HCC was (higher/lower) than in dogs w/o HCC. Copper concentration w/in the actual neoplastic tissue was (higher/lower) from HCC compared with non-neoplastic tissue (Harrow JVIM 2019)

A

Higher in dogs w/HCC

Copper levels lower in actual HCC tissue

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29
Q

What trace minerals (copper, zinc, selenium and iron) are ____ in HCC tissue compared to non-noeplastic hepatic tissue (Harrow, JVIM 2019)

A

decreased in HCC

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30
Q

aberrant expression of microRNAs in what pathway have been identified in HCC cell lines? (Lai VCO 2018)

A

miR-1/MET pathway (MET = target gene of miR-1)

mi-R-1 downregulated in HCC w/ MET upregulation

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31
Q

What was the MST for dogs treated with intracavitary mito and/or carbo for carcinomatosis vs. untreated dogs? (Charney VCO 2016)

A

Untreated: 25d

Treated 322d

(well-tolerated treatment)

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32
Q

What was the rate of blood transfusions for dogs and cats treated with liver lobectomy? (JAVMA 2017)

A

Dogs: 18%

Cats: 44%

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33
Q

What was the mortality rate of dogs and cats undergoing liver lobectomy? (Handson JAVMA 2017)

A

Dogs: 8%

Cats 22%

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34
Q

What variables were associated with an increased mortality in dogs and cats undergoing liver lobectomy? (Hanson, JAVMA 2017)

A

Dogs: low PCV/TS perioperatively, transfusion required

Cats: low post-op PCV

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35
Q

How does microwave abaltion work?

A

generation of controlled thermal energy through an antenna to a focal area of tissue –> tumor cell death

Heat made by rapid oscillation of an EM field generating polar molecule friction

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36
Q

What are advantages of microwave ablation over radio frequency ablation? (Yang, JAVMA 2017)

A

More rapid, homogenous and a predictable heat zone

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37
Q

What dual phase CT features correlated with histopath dx for hepatic and splenic masses? (Jones VRU 2016)

A

Trick questsion - they didn’t find any to distinguish malignant vs. nonmalignant masses

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38
Q

What was the objective response rate in dogs treated with 3DCRT for massive HCC? (Mori JSAP 2015)

A

Objective response 5/6 dogs

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39
Q

What was the MST for dogs with massive HCC treated with 3DCRT? What was the RT protocol? (Mori JSAP 2015)

A

6-10Gy/fx to a total 18-42 Gy (fx given 1-2x/wk)

MST 567d

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40
Q

How well was 3DCRT tolerated in dogs with massive HCC? (Mori JSAP 2015)

A

Well - RT-induced liver tox in one but reversible, no other AEs

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41
Q

What are the four types of primary liver tumors in dogs?

A

Hepatocellular, bile duct, neuroendocrine and mesenchymal

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42
Q

What was the response to single agent Palladia for dogs with massive inoperable HCC? (Heishima JAAHA 2018)

A

3 PR, 1 SD, 2 PD

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43
Q

What was the overall MST for dogs treated with gemcitabine for HCC +/- surgery? What was associated with improved MST (Elpiner VCO 2011)

A

Overall 983d

Massive (1193d) better than nodule (983d) better than diffuse (113d)

Incompletely excised tumors better (1339d) better than nonresectable (197d)

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44
Q

Does HCC have a preference for liver lobe location in cats? (Goussev JAAHA 2016)

A

Nope - equally distributed b/w R and L liver

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45
Q

What was the clinical presentation for cats with HCC (Goussev JAAHA 2016)

A

Incidentally diagnosed in 42%

Palpable abdominal mass in 21%

46
Q

MST of cats with HCC treated with surgery? (Goussev JAAHA 2016)

A

2.4yrs

47
Q

What IHC marker did all hepatobiliary neuroendocrine carcinomas in cats stain positive for (Patnaik Vet Path 2005)

A

Neuron-specific enolase

48
Q

What were the US and CT accuracy in localizing solitary hepatic masses in dogs (surgery or necropsy) (Cheney JSAP 2019)

A

CT 84%

AUS 74%

49
Q

What is the liver-specific contrast agent used for MR? (Constant VRU 2016) **committee paper**

A

Gadoxetate disodium (GD-EOB-DTPA)

50
Q

What was the MR appearance for HCC in dogs using GD-EOB-DTPA contrast? (Constant VRU 2016) **committee paper**

A

All lesions hypointense to surrounding normal liver on 3DT1 weighted gradient recalled echo images, found new lesions in 3/7 dogs

51
Q

AUS correctly localized liver masses in what % of dogs? What location was it best for? (Wormser Vet Surg 2016)

A

Overall 51.8% correct - best for R or L liver compared to central (3.2x more likely to be correct)

52
Q

What are the most common triple-phase CT findings for HCC? (Kutara VRU 2014)

A

Heterogenous pattern with hyper-, iso and hypo-enhancement in both arterial and portal venous phases

53
Q

What are the most common triple-phase CT findings for hepatic nodular hyperplasia (Kutara VRU 2014)

A

Homogenous pattern with hyper and isoenhancement in the portal venous and delayed phases

54
Q

What are the most common triple-phase CT findings for metastatic liver lesions? (Kutara VRU 2014)

A

homogenous hypoenhancement pattern in arterial and portal venous phases

55
Q

What are the cytologic features of well-differentiated HCC? (Masserdotti Vet Clin Path 2012)

A

dissociation of hepatocytes

acinar or palisading arrangements of neoplastic cells

presence of naked nucleai

mild anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, multinuclearity and increased N:C ratio

56
Q

What percent of liver tumors had >50% Ki67-positive cells? How did this compare to non-neoplastic liver disease? (Neumann Vet Clin Path 2005)

A

100%; 20/21 non-neoplastic has no or few Ki67 positive cells

57
Q

What primates may have an increased risk of HCC and mutations in what were found in 2/3 of tumors from these species? (Cullen Vet Path 2011)

A

Lemurs and lorises (also have a high metastatic rate 50%)

H-ras

58
Q

What are the ultrasound features of insulinoma in ferrets? (Wu VRU 2017)

A

primarily hypoechoic with smooth margin

majority in R or L lobe vs the body

59
Q

What was the response rate to Palladia for dogs with gross disease GIST? (Berger JVIM 2018)

A

71% (5/7) dogs had clinical benefit

3CR, 1PR, 1SD

60
Q

What was the median PFI for dogs with gross disease GIST treated with palladia? (Berger, JVIM 2018)

A

110wks (range 36-155wks)

61
Q

What was the median PFI for dogs with microscopic disease GIST treated with Palladia? (Berger JVIM 2018)

A

67wks (range 9-257wks)

62
Q

What were associated with shorter PFI in dogs with macroscopic or microscopic GIST treated with Palladia? (Berger JVIM 2018)

A

mets at diagnosis, high MI

63
Q

What was the median DFI and MST for cats treated with subtotal colectomy + carbo for colonic adenocarcinoma? (Arteaga JAAHA 2012)

A

DFI 251, MST 269d

64
Q

What were prognostic factors associated with MST for cats treated with subtotal colectomy + carbo for colonic ADCA? (Arteaga JAAHA 2012)

A

Nodal and distant mets = negative prognostic

65
Q

What was the metastatic rate for cats treated with subtotal colectomy + carbo for colonic ADCA?

A

76%

66
Q

What was the MST and 1- and 2-yr survival rates for dogs treated with surgery +/- chemo for SI ADCA? (Smith JAVMA 2019)

A

MST 544d

1-yr: 60%, 2-yr 36%

67
Q

What was prognostic for dogs with SI ADCA treated with surgery +/- chemo (Smith, JAVMA 2019)

A

<8yr MST 1193 vs. >8yr 488d

LN mets (134 vs. 960d)

chem (w/ 611d vs. 488 wo)

NSAID NOT assoc. with survival

68
Q

What were the rates of c-kit exon 11 mutations via PCR and rt-PCR for canine GIST? (Takanosu Vet J 2016)

A

PCR: 32.6%

RT-PCR 73.9%

69
Q

On AUS, what features were associated with GIST? (Hobbs, VRU 2015)

A

GIST more likely to be assoc’ with abdominal effusion

All tumors of the cecum were GIST

70
Q

For dogs and cats with gastric neoplasia, what percent was AUS able to detect vs. endoscopy? (Marfolf JSAP 2015)

A

AUS = 50%

Endoscopy = 95%

71
Q

What was the most commonly missed tumor type on AUS or endoscopy in dogs and cats? (Marolf JSAP 2015)

A

LSA

72
Q

What feature on imaging of the intestine is much more likely to be related to a tumor vs. enteritis? (VRU 2003)

A

Loss of wall layering - 50.9x more likely to be tumor vs. enteritis

73
Q

What was the MST for dogs with intestinal adenocarcinoma (Paoloni VRU 2012)

A

233d.

74
Q

Serum cobalamin was significantly lower in cats with what disease? (Jugan JFMS 2017)

A

LSA or IBD vs. other GI neoplasia

75
Q

WHat was the relationship between serum cobalamin changes in cats with the presence of AUS changes? (Jugan JFMS 2017)

A

No difference in cobalamin for presence of abnormalities, specific AUS changes or albumin concentration –> don’t rule out GI disease with low-normal cobalamin even w/ concurrent normal AUS

76
Q

What were are most common intestinal cancers in cats? (Jissetto JAAHA 2011)

A

Most common: LSA

Most common nonlymphoid = adenocarcinoma

77
Q

What were risk factors for cats with intestinal neoplasia? (Rissetto JAAHA 2011)

A

Siamese breed

Age >7yr

MI and FI cats had decreased risk (may be because older patients more likely to be neutered)

78
Q

Hepatic tumor blood flow - primarily portal vein or hepatic artery? (JVIM 2019)

A

Tumors = significant decrease in portal blood flow compared to normal liver based on mesenteric angiography

79
Q

Copper and other trace mineral (iron, selenium, zinc) concentrations are higher or lower in HCC tissue compared to surrounding non-neoplastic tissue? (JVIM 2019)

A

Lower

80
Q

Copper concentration is higher or lower in non-neoplastic tissue from dogs with HCC compared to control dogs without HCC (JVIM 2019)

A

Higher

81
Q

Inflammatory polyps progressing to colorectal adenoma and/or adenocarcinoma is associated with what breed of dog? (Saito Vet Path 2018)

A

Mini Dachshunds

82
Q

Abberations in what may be involved in tumor development in inflammatory colorectal polyps in dogs (Saito Vet Path 2018)

A

Beta-catenin (positive in nuclei sig higher in adenoma (46%) and ACA (75%) vs. polyp (6%)

APC expression - decreased in areas of intense nuclear beta-catenin expression in adenoma and ACA (homogenous in normal epithelial cells and polyps)

83
Q

What were the most common clinical signs in dogs with rectal masses? (Adamovich-Rippe JAVMA 2017)

A

hematochezia (92.7%), tenesmus (57.3%), dyschezia (22%), mucous in stool (15.9%)

84
Q

What was the agreement in diagnosis from colonoscopy and surgical histo for dogs with rectal masses? (Adamovich-Rippe JAVMA 2017)

A

68% (11/16)

85
Q

Annular/diffuse rectal masses in dogs were significantly associated with what on histo? (Adamovich-Rippe JAVMA 2017)

A

More likely to be adenocarcinoma and more likely to be high grade

86
Q

What was the rate of multiple rectal masses found in dogs with rectal masses examined with colonoscopy? (Adamovich-Rippe JAVMA 2017)

A

7.3% (6/82) had multiple vs. 92.7% hd single masses

87
Q

Of 40 GI sarcomas in dogs, what were the types/rates of occurrence? (Hayes Vet Path 2013)

A

45% GIST

30% leiomyosarcomas

25% nonGIST/non-leiomyosarcoma (arising from Schwann cells, perinerual or endoneurial fibroblasts)

88
Q

What were the IHC features for GIST in dogs? (Hayes Vet Path 2013)

A

Positive for KIT and vimentin

78% S100+, 33% SMA+

33% KIT mutation exon 11

89
Q

Where were most GISTS located and what was their rate of mets? (Hayes Vet Path 2013)

A

Most in small intestine

28% rate of mets to liver, LN and omentum

90
Q

What were the IHC features of leiomyosarcomas in dogs? (Hayes Vet Path 2013)

A

positive SMA, negative KIT

Well differentiated - weak or no vimentin, poorly differentiated strong vimentin +

91
Q

What were the IHC features of non-GIST/non-leiomyosarc tumors in dogs? (Hayes Vet Path 2013)

A

KIT and SMA negative

Vimentin + and either S100 and/or Pgp9.5+

92
Q

What was strongly correlated with mitotic index in colorectal carcinoma in dogs? (Woldemeskel BMC 2017)

A

Ki-67 index

93
Q

What inflammatory cells were higher in canine colorectal carcinoma vs. controls (Woldemeskel BMC 2017)

A

mast cells higher in carcinoma vs. adenoma and controls

tumor assosicated macrophages higher in carcinoma and adenoma vs. controls

94
Q

What is the #1 mutated gene in human pancreatic tumors? What is the rate of mutation for this gene in canine and feline pancreatic cancer?

A

KRAS - exons 12, 13 and 61

No KRAS mutations found in dogs and cats

95
Q

What is the rate of cox2 expression in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas? (McEntee 2002)

A

adenomas: 65%, adenocarcinoma 47%

96
Q

What was the rate of CD34 expression in canine GIST? (Gillespie Vet Path 2011)

A

14.8%

97
Q

Small intestinal tumor swere more likely to have greater what compared to large intestinal tumors in dogs? (Gillespie Vet Path 2011)

A

Mitotic index, Ki67 and AgNOR

98
Q

What % of smooth muscle tumors were reclassified as GIST based on KIT staining in the 2011 Gillespie vet path paper?

A

55%

99
Q

What was the MST for dogs treated with surgery for intestinal leiomyosarcoma? (Cohen JVIM 2013)

A

21.3mo for dogs that survived the post-op period (10/14)

100
Q

What was the rate of metastasis for dogs with intesintal leiomyosarcoma and was was their survival? (Cohen JVIM 2013)

A

7 dogs had mets (54%) - mesenteric, splenic and heaptic

Still had prolonged survival - 21.7mo

101
Q

What was associated with an increased risk of fecal incontinence for dogs treated with rectal pull-through sx for rectal masses? (Nucci JAVMA 2014)

A

complete 360o anal resection and removal of >6cm of rectum

102
Q

What was the most common complication (and rate of this) for rectal pull-through surgery for rectal masses in dogs? (Nucci JAVMA 2014)

A

Fecal incontience (56.8%), permanent in 54.8%

103
Q

What was the MST for dogs treated for rectal carcinoma with a rectal pull-through surgery? (Nucci JAVMA 2014)

A

MST 696d

104
Q

What were the most common linguinal tumors in dogs having surgical treatment for lingual neoplasia? (Culp JAVMA 2013)

A

SCC 32%

OMM 30%

105
Q

What was the MST for dogs with lingual SCC treated with surgery? (Culp JAVMA 2013)

A

216d

106
Q

What was the MST for dogs with lingual OMM treated with surger? (Culp JAVMA 2013)

A

241d

107
Q

What was the only variable that was prognostic for dogs treated with surgery for lingual neoplasia? (Culp JAVMA 2013)

A

Size

≥2cm = MST 207d

<2cm MST 818d.

108
Q

What was associated with incomplete margins and local recurrence for dogs with lingual tumors (JAAHA 2008)

A

Increasing size

Incomplete margins also more likely to recur (duh)

109
Q

What was the MST for dogs with lingual plasmacytoma treated with curative intent surgery (Syrcle JAAHA 2008)

A

MST >1607d

110
Q

MST/ 1 and 2yr survival rates for dogs with small intestinal adenocarcinoma treated with surgery alone (Smith, JAVMA 2019)

A

MST 544d 1yr 60%, 2yr 36%

111
Q

Factors associated with survival for dogs with small intestinal adenocarcinoma treated with surgery alone (Smith, JAVMA 2019)

A

Age <8yr MST 1193d, ≥8yrs = 488d

112
Q

MST dogs with small intestinal adenocarcinoma treated with surgery alone with LN mets or chemo(Smith, JAVMA 2019)

A

LN mets - confirmed in 5 (MST 134d vs 960d) Chemo - 611d vs. 488d (NSAID not associated with increased survival time)

Oncology Boards (26 decks)

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