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Oncology Boards > Misc Things to Know (IHC markers, random cancer bio, etc) > Flashcards

Misc Things to Know (IHC markers, random cancer bio, etc) Flashcards

1
Q

What general groups of molecules are oncogenes?

A

Growth factors + receptors, protein kinases, G-protein signal transducers, nuclear proteins

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2
Q

What are some common growth factors that are oncogenes

A

PDGF, EGF, IGF-1, VEGF, TGF-β, IL-2

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3
Q

What is another name for the EGF receptor (EGFR)

A

erbB-1

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4
Q

What is other name for the hepatocyte growth factor receptor

A

C-met

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5
Q

What group of oncogenes is HER2/neu and what is its receptor?

A

epidermal growth factor; Hergulin receptor (aka neu/erbB-2 receptor)

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6
Q

What is the other name of C-kit

A

stem cell factor receptor

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7
Q

What are bcr-abl and src are (oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes) and both are what type of molecule

A

oncogenes, tyrosine kinases

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8
Q

What are the main G-protein signal transducers that are oncogenes?

A

GTPases - H-ras, N-ras and K-ras

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9
Q

What transcription factors are considered oncogenes

A

ets, fos, jun, myb, myc, rel

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10
Q

RB1 is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

transcriptional regulator of cell cycle retinoblastoma, OSA Familial retinoblastoma

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11
Q

Wt1 is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

Transcription regulator nephroblastoma Wilms tumor

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12
Q

p53 is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

transcriptional regulator, growth arrest, apoptosis sarcomas, breast and brain tumors Li-Fraumeni

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13
Q

VHL is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

regulates proteolysis hemangiomas, renal pehochromocytomas von Hippel-Lindau

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14
Q

APC is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

binds/regulates beta-catenin colon cancer familial adenomatous polyposis

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15
Q

INK4a is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

P16ink4a cdki for cyclind-cdk4/6, stabilizes p53 melanoma, pancreatic familial melanoma

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16
Q

BRACA1/2 is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

Transcriptional regulator/DNA repair breast/ovarian familial breast cancer

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17
Q

PTEN is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

dual-specificity phosphatase glioblastoma, prostate, breast Cowden syndrome

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18
Q

E-cadherin is a tumor suppressor with what gene function? What human tumors and or associated cancer syndrome are found in people?

A

cell adhesion regulator breast, colon, skin, lung carcinoma familial gastric cancer

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19
Q

What cytokine is a growth factor for T cells, induces Tregs, enhances CTL and NK cell cytotox and induces b-cell proliferation

A

IL-2

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20
Q

What is a multicolony stimulating factor that promotes production/differentiation of macrophages, monocytes and granulocytes and dendritic cells?

A

IL-3

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21
Q

What cytokines are important for inducing M2 activation? (immunosuppressive)

A

IL-4 - IL-10 - IL-13

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22
Q

What cytokine determines if Th1 or Th2?

A
  • IL-12 - Present –> Th1 - Absent –> Th2
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23
Q

MHCI - location and function

A
  • All nucleated cells - Present ENDOGENOUS Ag to CD8+ T cells
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24
Q

MHCII location and function

A
  • Professional Ag-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells) - Present EXOGENOUS Ag to CD4 T cells
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25
Q

What does CD25 do?

A

What does CD25 do?

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26
Q

CD118 function?

A

IFN receptor

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27
Q

CD120 fxn?

A

TNF receptor

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28
Q

CD210 function?

A

IL-10 receptor

29
Q

Where is CD2 found and what does it do?

A

Found only on T cells - Binds CD58 - widely distributed on many cell types - role in immune surveillance

30
Q

What stimulates Th1 cell formation and what do Th1 cells secrete?

A
  • Il-12 + CD80 - IFN-gamma and IL-2
31
Q

What do Th2 cells secrete

A
  • IL-4, 5, 13 and 10 - Promote Ab response
32
Q

What do stimulates development of Th17 cells and what do they secrete

A
  • IL-6, TGF-beta, IL-23
  • Secrete IL-17 –> promotes neutrophil inflammation
33
Q

What is required for survival of CD8 memory T cells

A

IL-7 and 15

34
Q

What is required for survival of CD4 memory T cells

A

IL-7 only

35
Q

What is required for max activation of macrophages?

A

IFN-gamma IL-2

36
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

A
  • IL-4 - promotes M2 activation
  • IL-10
  • TGF-beta
  • IL-13 (similar to IL-4)
37
Q

T cell costimulatory molecules

A

CD28 on T cells bind to CD80/86 on dendritic cells

38
Q

What cytokine stimuates bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells?

A

G-CSF

39
Q

What cytokine promotes the differentiation of stem cells into monocytes and macrophages

A

GM-CSF

40
Q

What cytokine supports mast cell poduction and differentiation

A

IL-3

41
Q

What cytokine supports eosinophil growth and differentation

A

IL-5

42
Q

IL-2, 7 and 12 all support which cells?

A

T cells

43
Q

What receptor is present on APCs, specifically langerhans cells? What cancer can it be associated with

A

CD1

Histiocytic sarcoma

44
Q

What is the pan T cell marker(s)

A

CD3, CD5

45
Q

What receptor is present on cytotoxic t cells

A

CD8

46
Q

What receptor is present on t helper cells

A

cd4

47
Q

What cells express CD11b

A

macrophages -

48
Q

What cells express CD11c

A

langerhans cells and interstitial dc’s

49
Q

what cells express cd11d

A

expressed in splenic red pulp/bone marrow

marker for hemophagocytic HS, hepatosplenic LSA

50
Q

CD16 is expressed on what cells

A

NK cells, neuts, monos, macrophages

51
Q

What is CD18 and what cells express it?

A

Beta-2 integrin, histiocytes

marker for histiocytic sarcoma

52
Q

What is the costimulatory ligand located on T cells

A

CD28

53
Q

CD31 is what and a marker for what cancer?

A

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1)

HSA

54
Q

What is the stem cell marker that can be used to dx ALL?

A

CD34

55
Q

What marker can be found on cancer stem cells and binds osteopontin

A

CD44

56
Q

What is the leukocyte commona antigen receptor

A

CD45

57
Q

What receptor do NK cells express?

A

CD56

58
Q

What is are teh B7 family costimulatory molecules

A

CD80/86

59
Q

What receptor is found hematopoietic stem cells?

A

CD90/Thy1

60
Q

What is CD95

A

FAS

61
Q

What is CD 117

A

kit

62
Q

What are CD122/132 and what cancer have them been found in

A

IL2-R beta and gamma subunits (respectively)

OSA

63
Q

CD133 is expressed on

A

stem cells

64
Q

CD144 is what

A

vascular endothelim cadherin (VE-cadherin)

65
Q

What is CD146

A

Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM)

66
Q

What receptor is calss A macrophage scavenger?

A

CD204 - marker for histiocytic sarcoma

67
Q

what is CD326?

A

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule

68
Q

Which clotting protein is vWF?

A

factor VIII

Oncology Boards (26 decks)

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