Oral cavity and oropharynx

Question 1

Which bones form the structure of the roof of the mouth?

Answer 1

Maxilla (alveolar arch and palatine process)

Palatine bone (horizontal process)

Question 2

What are the alveolar arches?

Answer 2

The part of the maxilla that the teeth are set in

Question 3

How is the soft palate attached to the hard palate?

Answer 3

Hangs off horizontal process of palatine bone

Question 4

Describe the structures which from the roof of the mouth?

Answer 4

Hard palate: alveolar arches, palatine process of maxilla, horizontal process of palatine bone

Soft palate

Question 5

Which bones form the floor of the mouth?

Answer 5

Madible (deficient inferiorly)

Question 6

Describe the muscles which form the floor of the mouth?

Answer 6

Mylohyoid muscle - diaphragmatic muscle, fills deficiency of mandible

Also digastric muscle and geniohyoid muscle

Question 7

Describe the attachment of the geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 7

Mandible to hyoid bone

Question 8

How is the tongue divided?

Answer 8

Divided into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by sulcus terminalis

Question 9

What is the foramen caecum?

Answer 9

Depression in sulcus terminalis that is a remnant of duct from which thyroid gland develops

Question 10

What are papillae?

Answer 10

Swellings on the tongue

Tastebuds embedded in their walls

Question 11

Where are tastebuds located?

Answer 11

Embedded in the walls of the papillae

Question 12

Describe the papillae of the tongue?

Answer 12

Valate papillae (directly anterior to sulcus)

Foliate papillae (posterolateral tongue)

Fungiform paillae (anterior 2/3 surface)

Question 13

Which tonsils are associated with the tongue?

Answer 13

Lingual tonsils

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 14

Describe the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their attachments and actions?

Answer 14

Palatoglossus: attaches to palate superiorly, elevates tongue

Styloglossus: attaches to styloid process posteriorly, retracts tongue

Hyoglossus: attaches to hyoid bone inferiorly, depresses tongue

Genioglossus: attaches to mandible in midline, protrudes tongue

Question 15

Describe the innervation of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 15

All innervated by CN XII (hypoglossal) except palatoglossus, which is innervated by CN X (vagus)

Question 16

Compare the functions of the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 16

Intrinsic: alter shape of tongue

Extrinsic: alter position of tongue

Question 17

When there is a lesion of the extrinsic tongue muscles, how will the tongue appear?

Answer 17

Deviates towards side of lesion on protusion

Question 18

Describe the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 18

Superior longitudinal

Inferior longitudinal

Transverse and vertical

Question 19

Describe the innervation of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 19

CN XII (hypoglossal)

Question 20

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue?

Answer 20

ANTERIOR 2/3

Taste: chorda tympani (CN VII)

Sensation: lingual nerve (CN V, V3)

POSTERIOR 1/3

Taste and sensation: glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 21

Describe the innervation of the teeth?

What is its significance?

Answer 21

Superior: superior alveolar nerve (branch of V2) - gives off posterior, anterior and middle

Inferior: inferior alveolar nerve (branch of V3)

Significance: pain referral between teeth and skin over face and ears

Question 22

Briefly describe the different types of teeth?

Answer 22

Incisors (4 x2)

Canine (2 x2)

Premolars (4 x2)

Molars (6 x2)

Question 23

Describe the pattern by which teeth are generally replaced?

Answer 23

From front to back

Question 24

Describe the salivary glands in the oral cavity?

Answer 24

(Parotid gland outside oral cavity)

Sublingual gland: lateral to tongue in floor of mouth

Submandibular gland: wraps around mylohyoid; half below mylohyoid (outside oral cavity) and half above mylohyoid (inside oral cavity)

Question 25

How does saliva from the parotid gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 25

Via parotid duct, which travels anterior to masseter and opens opposite the upper second molar

Question 26

How does saliva from the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 26

Duct of submandibular gland

Projects up to swelling just lateral to frenulum of tongue

Question 27

Which neurovascular structures travel in the floor of the mouth?

Answer 27

Lingual arteries and veins

Hypoglossal nevre

Lingual nerve

Question 28

Describe the arches present in the oral cavity and oropharynx?

Answer 28

Anterior: palatoglossal arch

Posterior: palatophrayngeal arch

Arches formed by folds of mucosa over underlying muscles of the same name

Question 29

What landmark demaractes the back of the oral cavity and the oropharynx?

Answer 29

Back of alveolar arches

Question 30

What are the arches of the oral cavity/oropharynx markers for?

Answer 30

Location of palatine tonsils

Tonsils located in between two arches

Question 31

What is the function of the soft palate?

Answer 31

Selas off nasal cavity during coughing, swallowing, suction etc.

Helps seal oral cavity to allow unimpeded breathing during chewing

Question 32

Describe the attachments of the musculus uvulae?

Answer 32

Connected to palatine aponeurosis, which is connected to palatine bone

Hangs in midline

Question 33

Describe the 5 muscles associated with the soft palate, including their location and actions?

Answer 33

Tensor veli palatini: above, elevates

Levator veli palatini: above, elevates

Musculus uvulae: midline

Palatoglossus: below, depresses

Palatopharyngeus: below, depresses

Question 34

Describe the innervation of the muscles associtaed with the soft palate?

Answer 34

All innnervated by pharyngeal branches of CN X, except tensor veli palatini, which is innervated by CN V

Question 35

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 35

Incomplete ring of lymphoid tissue around oral and nasal cavities

Consists of pharyngeal, tubal, palatine and lingual tonsils

Question 36

Describe the additonal actions of the levator muscles?

Answer 36

Closely related to auditory tube, so can contract to chnage its shape and assist with opening