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Neuroscience > Nasal cavity and nasopharynx > Flashcards

Nasal cavity and nasopharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the skeleton of the external nose?

A

Septal cartilage

Lateral cartilages

Alar cartilages

Nasal bones

Frontal process of maxilla

Frontal bone

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2
Q

Describe the skeleton of the nasal cavity?

A

LATERAL WALL: frontal bone, ethmoidal bone, maxilla, palatine bone, sphenoidal bone

MEDIAL WALL: septal cartilage, cribiform plate of ethmoid, vomer

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3
Q

What are the openings of the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior nare

Posterior nare

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4
Q

Why is damage to the ethmoid bone particularly dangerous?

A

It is in close contact with the brain and meninges

Breaks may lead to infection, bleeds and rhinorrhea

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5
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Small entrance to the nasal cavity

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6
Q

What is the vestibule lined by?

A

Skin and hair

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7
Q

What is the nasal cavity lined by?

A

Highly vascular mucous membrane (lines all except vestibule, which is lined by skin and hair)

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8
Q

What is the function of the highly vascular mucous membrane?

A

Helps warm and humidify air

Mucous traps foreign particles

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the highly vascular mucous membrane on the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory area (superior 1/3): olfactory epithelium

Respiratory area (inferior 2/3): respiratory epithelium

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve relates to the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Enters via cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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11
Q

Describe the features of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Turbinate bones: conchae

Superior concha

Middle concha

Inferior concha

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12
Q

What are the conchae lined by?

A

Highly vascular mucous membrane

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13
Q

What is the function of the conchae?

A

Produce turbulence in air that we breathe in

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14
Q

Describe the spaces that relate to the turbinate bones?

A

Superior meatus

Middle meatus

Inferior meatus

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15
Q

Describe the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal sinus

Ethmoid sinus

Sphenoid sinus

Maxillary sinus

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16
Q

Describe the drainage of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid drain downwards into nasal cavity

Maxillary opening is high up in sinus

17
Q

Describe the innervation of the paranasal sinuses?

Why is this important?

A

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid: V1

Maxillary: V2

Important in referred pain

18
Q

How does the eye communicate with the nasal cavity?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

Travels from eye and opens in inferior meatus

19
Q

Describe the blood supply of the nasal cavity?

A

Same for lateral and medial walls

Derived from carotid arteries

Superior quadrant: anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Anterior quadrant lateral: Lateral nasal branches of facial artery

Anterior quadrant medial: superior labial arteries

Inferior quadrant: greater palatine artery

Posterior quadrant: sphenopalatine artery

20
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nose bleeds

21
Q

Which artery is responsible for forceful nose bleeds?

Why?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

Big, thick artery

22
Q

Decsribe the innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

Superior: branches of anterior ethmoidal nerves (V1)

Inferior: branches of greater and esser palatine nerves (V2)

23
Q

Desribe the borders of the pharynx?

A

Base of skull to C6/lower border of cricoid cartilage

24
Q

Describe the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

25
Q

What is the median raphe?

A

Conective tissue line where constrictor muscles meet in midline

26
Q

What is the function of the constrictor muscles?

A

Contract sequentially when swallowing

27
Q

Describe the features of the nasopharynx?

A

Opening of auditroy tube

Tubal elevation

Pharyngeal tonsil/adenoids

Salpingopharyngeal fold

Salpingopharyngeus

28
Q

What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

Contracts to open auditory tube

Neuroscience (51 decks)

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