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Neuroscience > Chemical transmission in the CNS > Flashcards

Chemical transmission in the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Which receptors does NA act on in the sympathetic NS?

A

a and b adrenoceptors

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2
Q

What is the major NT in the sympathetic NS?

A

NA

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3
Q

What is the major NT in the parasympathetic NS?

A

Ach

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4
Q

Which receptors does Ach act on in the parasympathetic NS?

A

Muscarinic receptors

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5
Q

Which receptors does Ach act on in the somatic NS?

A

Nicotinic receptors

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6
Q

What is the major NT in the somatic NS?

A

Ach

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7
Q

Briefly describe the requirements for chemical neurotransmission?

A

Synthesis/storage of NTs Release of NTs Inactivation of NTs Receptors for NTs

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8
Q

What is required for synthesis and storage of NTs?

A

Vesicles

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9
Q

What is required for release of NTs?

A

Na and K channels Ca influx

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10
Q

What are the two broad mechanisms of NT inactivation?

A

Reuptake Degradation

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11
Q

What are the two major receptor types found at synapses?

A

Postjunctional and prejunctional

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12
Q

What is the trigger for the release of NT from neurons?

A

Na/K mediated APs > which causes Ca influx > exocytotic release of vesicle

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13
Q

How are prejunctional/presynaptic receptors important in transmission?

A

At high concentrations of NT, NT can bind for reuptake This can act as negative feedback to regulate NT

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14
Q

What is the key process for inactivation of NA?

A

Neuronal uptake

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15
Q

What is the secondary mechanisms for inactivation of NA?

A

Metabolism via MAO Extraneuronal uptake via MAO and COMT

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16
Q

Describe the action of cocaine in relation to NA?

A

Blocks neuronal uptake of NA > increased activation of receptors

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17
Q

Describe the action of amphetamine and ephedrine in relation to NA?

A

Are substrates for carrier and displace NA > reduced reuptake of NA

18
Q

Describe how cocaine differs from amphetamine and ephedrine in its mechanism of action?

A

Cocaine blocks reuptake receptor Amphetamine and ephedrine act as substrates and displaces NA

19
Q

Which characteristic of cocaine and amphetamines allows them to access their central targets?

A

Lipid soluble > can cross BBB

20
Q

Which particular functions is NA associated with?

A

Stimulant effects Mood Appetite Cardiovascular

21
Q

What is the estimate for the number of NTs that act in the CNS?

A

40

22
Q

Describe the pathway for NA synthesis?

A
23
Q

What is the precursor for adrenaline synthesis?

A

NA

24
Q

How do neurons that synthesise adrenaline differ from those that do not?

A

Presence of enzymes that are able to convert NA to adrenaline

25
Q

Why do some neurons stop at dopamine synthesis, rather than progress on to synthesising NA and adrenaline?

A

They lack the converting enzymes

26
Q

How do noradrenergic and dopaminergic differ in their distribution in the CNS?

A

The noradrenergic neurons are more widespread, whereas the dopaminergic neurons are more discrete

27
Q

How does the importance of dopamine differ in the CNS and PNS?

A

Very important in multiple CNS pathways

Less important in PNS, mostly a precursor to NA

28
Q

List some of the pathways in which dopamine is involved in the CNS?

A

Movement

Behaviour

Dependence

Pituitary function

29
Q

Apart from NA, which other NTs can cocaine block reuptake of?

A

Dopamine

Serotonin

30
Q

Which of the NT actions is linked to the dependence effect of cocaine?

A

Dopamine

31
Q

Which of the NTs is most strongly linked to the sense of euphoria, wellbeing and appetite effects?

A

NA

Serotonin

32
Q

Why were the NA and serotonin mechanisms the lead for developing antidepressant drugs?

A

Linked to sense of wellbeing

33
Q

Why were dopaminergic mechanisms avoided when developing antidepressant drugs?

A

Linked to dependence

34
Q

Why can cocaine be used as a local anaesthetic?

A

Blocks Na channels

35
Q

Can a synapse be both inhibitory and excitatory in the CNS?

A

No

36
Q

Can NTs in the CNS be both excitatory and inhibitory?

A

Yes

37
Q

How can some NTs be both excitatory and inhibitory in the CNS?

A

Depends on which receptors are present and which part of the brain you are in

38
Q

Which receptor types are present in the CNS?

A

Ligand-gated ion channels (eg. nicotinic and GABA A)

GPCRs (muscarinic, a&b adrenoceptors)

39
Q

What are post-synaptic receptors in the dendritic region important in determining?

A

AP generation and modulation

40
Q

What are pre-synaptic receptors at the axon terminals important regulating?

A

NT release

41
Q

What is the predominant role of tyrosine kinase and cytoplamic/nuclear receptors in the CNS?

A

Neuronal survival, rather than function

42
Q

TAKE HOME MESSAGES

A

More than one NT usually involved

One NT usually involved in many pathways

Neuroscience (51 decks)

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