Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What do cranial nerves supply?

A

Supply somatic and visceral motor and sensory information to the head

CN IX and X supply visceral sensory and motor innervation to neck, chest and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which two cranial nerves are different to the rest in terms of the strucutres that they innervate?

A

CN IX and X

Supply visceral sensory and motor innervation to neck, chest and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the cranial nerves?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

Which are purely motor?

Which are mixed?

A

Sensory: 1, 2, 8

Motor: 3, 4, 6, 11, 12

Mixed/both: 5, 7, 9, 10

Some say money matters but my brother says big boobs matter most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are cranial nerves connected to centrally?

A

Cranial nerve nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the broad organisation of cranial nerve nuclei?

A

Organised rostrally to caudally

Roughly organised in order of target tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the brainstem?

A

Nuclei 3-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are the cranial nerve nuclei arranged in the brainstem?

A

6 columns either side of midline

Motor nuclei are located in the 3 columns close to midline

Sensory nuclei are located in the 3 lateral columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the motor nerve nuclei located in the brainstem?

A

3 columns close to midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three motor columns located in the brainstem?

A

Medial to lateral:

Somatic

Branchial

Visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the somatic motor column? Where in the brainstem are these nuclei located?

A

Extra-ocular muscles: CN 3, 4, 6

Tongue muscles: CN 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the branchial motor column? Where in the brainstem are they located?

A

Muscles of mastication: CN 5 (V3)

Muscles of facial expression: CN 7

Muscles of pharynx and larynx: CN 9, 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the nucleus ambiguus? Where is it located?

A

Mostly a motor nucleus

Lies behind inferior olive in medulla

Contains nuclei of CN IX (stylopharyngeus) and X (levator palati)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei lie in the visceral efferents motor column? Where in the brainstem are they located?

A

Motor innervation to smooth muscles: CN 3, 7, 9, 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the sensory nerve nuclei located?

A

In lateral 3 columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three sensory columns located in the brainstem?

A

Medial to lateral:

Visceral sensory

Somatic sensory

Special sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the visceral sensory column? Where in the brainstem are they located?

A

Taste: CN 7, 9, 10

Autonomic: CN 9, 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Nucelus Solitarius? Describe its arrangement?

A

Nucelus for visceral sensation

Extends from pons to nucleus gracilis

Rostral: gustatory nucleus

Caudal: visceral sensory division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the somatic sensory column of the brainstem? Where are they located?

A

Sensation to face, mucosa of nose and mouth, cranial dura: CN 5

Skin behind ear and lining of EAM: CN 7, 9, 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the special sensory column of the brainstem? Where in the brainstem are they located?

A

Hearing and equilibrium: CN 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei arise from the midbrain? Which from the pons? Which from the medulla?

A

Rule of fours:

Midbrain: 3, 4

Pons: 5, 6, 7, 8

Medulla: 9, 10, 11, 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the locations of all of the cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord?

A
23
Q

Describe the olfactory nerve?

A

Sense of smell

Exits skull at cribiform plate

24
Q

Describe the optic nerve?

A

Sight

Exits at optic canal

Formed from axons of ganlion cells in the retina

25
Q

What is the optic nerve formed from?

A

Axons of ganglion cells in the retina

26
Q

Describe the nerves of ocular motion?

A

CN 3, 4, 6

CN III innervates 4

CN IV innervates superior oblique

CN VI innervates lateral rectus

Act in a coordinated fashion to move the eyes

Exit skull at SOF

27
Q

Describe the oculomotor nerve?

A

Motor: Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and elevates eyelid

PS: Innervates iris and ciliary muscle

Exits skull at SOF

28
Q

Describe the passage of the nerves of ocular motion?

A

All 3 go through cavernous sinus and SOF

4 and 6 go through common tendinous ring

29
Q

Which nerves exit the skull via the SOF?

A

3, 4, 6, V1

30
Q

Describe the groups that cranial nerves exit the skull in? Why is this signifcant?

A

Nerves that exit the skull together will be affected by disease together

31
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A

Sensory: innervates face and inside mouth

Motor: innervates muscles of mastication and tensor tympani

32
Q

Describe the three divisions of the sensory division trigeminal nerve? What does each innervate?

A

V1: opthalmic

V2: maxillary

V3: mandibular

33
Q

Which structure does the motor division of the trigeminal nerve travel with?

A

V3 division of sensory division of trigeminal nerve

(In picture, blue=sensory, red=motor)

34
Q

Where do each of the sensory divisions of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?

A

V1: SOF

V2: foramen rotundum

V3: foramen ovale

35
Q

Describe the cranial nerves involved in the corneal blink reflex?

What is the reflex a test of?

A

Sensory: CN 6

Motor: CN 7

(both located in pons)

Used as a test of pontine function

36
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate?

A

Motor: muscles of facial expression, stapedius muscle, part of digastric muscle

PS: lacrimal, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

Taste: anterior 2/3 tongue and soft palate

Sensory: EAM

37
Q

Describe the course of the facial nerve?

A
38
Q

Describe the terminal branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

(Tall Zulus Bear Many Children)

39
Q

Which structure do the terminal branches of the facial nerve pass through? Do they innervate this structure?

A

Parotid gland

Do NOT innervate it

40
Q

Describe the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Responsible for hearing and balance

Exits skull via internal acoustic meatus

41
Q

Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

42
Q

Describe the nuclei of CN VIII in the brainstem?

A

Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

Four vestibular nuclei

43
Q

Describe the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Sensory: posterior 1/3 tongue, pharynx, middle ear and carotid body

Taste: posterior 1/3 tongue

PS: parotid gland

Motor: stylopharyngeus

Exits the skull via the jugular foramen

44
Q

Describe the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A
45
Q

What does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

Motor: soft palate, pharynx, larynx, upper oesophagus, 1 tongue muscle (palatoglossus)

PS: pharynx to upper abdomen

Sensory: pharyn, larynx, oesophagus

Input from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors of aortic arch

46
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

47
Q

What are the sensory inputs and motor outputs involved in the gag reflex? What does this reflex test?

A

Sensory: CN IX to pharynx

Motor: CN X to pharynx

Test of medullary function

48
Q

Are the motor cranial nerves upper or lower motor neurons?

A

Lower motor neurons

49
Q

Describe the general symptoms of a lower motor neuron problems in a cranial nerve?

A

Flaccid paraslysis and atrophy

50
Q

What is unique about the pathway of the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Nucleus is in spinal cord

ENTERS cranium via foramen magnum

Then travels with CN X roots and exits via jugular foramen

51
Q

What does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A

Motor input to sternomastoid and upper part of trapezius

‘Shrug shoulders and turn head’

52
Q

What happens if CN XI input is lost on one side?

A

Can’t turn head in opposite direction

53
Q

Describe the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor innervation to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus)

Exits skull via hypoglossal foramen

54
Q

What happens if CN XII input is lost on one side?

A

Tongue deviation

Neuroscience (51 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions