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DT2 E2 > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

pt presents with blurry vision, unilateral eye redness and headache, diagnosis?

A

Angle closure glaucoma

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2
Q

wt causes retinal vein occlusion?

A

hypertension resulting in compression of vein by big artery

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3
Q

df chalazion?

cause?

A

Lipogranulomatous inflammatory lesion.

- blockage of meibomian gland

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4
Q

wt is Dacryocystitis? common cause? tx?

A

Infection of lacrimal sac due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
antibiotics and drainage if needed

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5
Q

wr is anterior chamber? posterior? vitreous ?

A 
Anterior chamber
	- Cornea to iris
Posterior chamber
	- Iris to lens
Virteous chamber
	- Lens to retina
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6
Q

df pingueculum?

A

fibrovascular tissue growth that does not cross limbus (pterygium crosses)

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7
Q 
Strabismus:
df tropia?
df phoria?
df eso?
df exo?
df hyper?
df hypo?
A 
tropia = always present
phoria = sometimes present
eso = eyes pointing in (cross eyed)
exo = eyes pointing out
hyper = eye pointed up
hypo = eye pointed down
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8
Q

Wt is the retina embryologically derived from? wt other important structure is derived from the same?

A

Diencephalon. Pineal gland

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9
Q

wr is the choroid? wt is it?

A

between scleara and retina. vascular layer

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10
Q

wt type of gland are lacrimal glands?

A

Eccrine (do not lose cytoplasm when secreting

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11
Q

condition associated w swollen preauricular and submandibular lymph nodes? tx?

A

viral conjunctivitis

tx not necessary, supportive if necessary

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12
Q

Eye condiiton causing photophobia (pain/fear to light)?

A

Iritis

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13
Q

2 functions of ciliary structure?

A

change shape of lens

aqueous fluid production inside the eye

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14
Q

df leukocoria? associated disease?

A

white pupil in place of a red reflex. Retinoblastoma**

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15
Q

wt type of redness is seen with iritis?

A

ciliary flush or redness around the limbus

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16
Q 
Pt presents only eating soup:
Diagnosis?
2 associated symptoms?
hw to diagnose?
2 elevated lab values
A

Temporal arteritis/giant cell arteritis

  • jaw claudication and scalp tenderness
  • Temporal artery biopsy to diagnose
  • ESR and CRP elevated
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17
Q

term for pupils of dif sizes?

A

anisocoria

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18
Q

triad for horners syndrome? cause?

A

Ptosis (from lack of mueller muscle), miosis and anhydrosis.
Sympathetic (dilation) isnt working so parasympathetic kicks in

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19
Q

wt is the cause of diabetic retinopathy?
tx if non proliferative?
tx if proliferative

A

loss of pericytes results in leakage of liquids from retinal capillaries –>edema, ischemia –> release of VEGF
NP tx with focal laser tx
proliferative tx with pan retinal photocoagulation

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20
Q

3 layers of tear film?

A
  1. mucus - goblets
  2. aqueous - lacrimal
  3. lipid - meibobian
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21
Q

2 risk factors angle closure glaucoma?

A

hyperopia

narrow anterior chamber angle

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22
Q

neonate presents w conjunctivitis 24 hrs after birth, wt do you tx with?

A

(gonoccal infection) penicillin

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23
Q

3 functions of tear film?

A

lubricate
immune
refraction

24
Q

wt is responsible for refraction of the eye?

A

lens, tear film and cornea

25
Q

wt causes retinal artery occlusion?

A

thrombus

26
Q

wt is myopia? tx?

A

eye ball is too long, too much convergence.

tx = minus powered glasses

27
Q

Wt is presbyopia? Tx?

A

Presbyopia

- Loss of ability to accommodate lens (loss of elasticity)
- Tx with reading glasses
28
Q

wt is myopia a risk factor for?

A

retinal detachment

29
Q

wt is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
Wt is deficient?
Wt infiltrates?
tx?

A

Dry eyes.
aqueous (lacrimal) tear deficient production
infiltration of mononuclear cells
immune modulators

30
Q

cause of sty/hordeolum?

A

obstructed sebaceous gland

31
Q

wt is penalization?
2 methods?
Condition it is used in?

A

lessening visual acuity in the functioning eye to force connections w the dysfunctional eye.
Patching and pharmacologic methods.
used in amylopia

32
Q

df glaucoma? cause? tx?

A

optic neuropathy caused by increased intraocular pressure.

Tx= lower pressure (via decrease production or increase outflow)

33
Q

pt presents w unilateral eye pain, redness, headache and nausea, diagnosis? surgical tx?

A

Closed angle glaucoma.

tx w peripheral iridectomy or laser peripheral iridotomy

34
Q

wt causes ptosis? muscle involved?

A

compromised sympathetic innervation from superior cervical ganglia
Mueller muscle effected

35
Q

wt forms the uveal tract?

A

choroid, ciliary body and iris

36
Q

where is aqueous fluid produced inside the eye? where does it flow

A

ciliary body –> posterior chamber –> anterior chamber –> trabecular meshwork

37
Q

condition assoc w monocular mucopurulent discharge? tx?

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

tx w antibiotics

38
Q

wt is hyperopia? tx?

A

“far-sighted”. axial length is too short.

tx = positive powered glasses

39
Q

wt is astigmatism?

A

cylindrical eye

40
Q

wt characterizes pterygium? cause? geographic location commonly seen in?

A

triangular sheet of fibrovascular tissue that grows over cornea
Caused by sun exposure
seen in ppl near the equato

41
Q

baby presents 6 days after birth w conjunctivitis, wt is tx?

A

Erythromycin (Chlamydia infection presents 5-12 days after birth)

42
Q

symptom of thyroid dysfunciton? cause?

A 
bulging eyes (proptosis/exophthalmos)
IgG inflitrates
43
Q

wt is a cataract? tx?

A

Blurry vision associated w infoliation of lens.

tx= surgery w intraocular lens implant

44
Q

2 functions of lens?

A

refraction

convergence

45
Q

cause of homonymous hemianopia?

A

lesion behind optic chiasm

46
Q

df conjunctiva?

A

mucous membrane lining inner surfaces of the eyelids and outer surface of eye

47
Q

cause of bitemporal hemianopia? frequent cause?

A

lesion a the optic chiasm. pituitary tumor

48
Q

3 regions of the conjunctiva?

A
  1. palpebral - inside of eyelid
  2. fornix - junction
  3. bulbar - surface of the eye
49
Q

Wt innervates the lateral rectus?

A

CN6

50
Q

why does aging cause presbyopia and cataracts

A

the lens infoliates, resulting in accumulation of proteins

51
Q

df amblyopia

3 causes?

A

eyes fail to see the same thing with equal clarity. (lazy eye)
Causes:
- anisometropia (difference in refractive error)
- strabismus
- deprivaiton (one eye is derived of input ie cataract)

52
Q

wt innervates superior/inferior/medial rectus? if this is damaged d, what does pupil involvement indicate?

A

CN III
CN III symptoms w pupil involvement indicates compression. often caused by post commm artery in circle of willis – URGENT

53
Q

df hordeolum?

cause?

A

small abscess on eyelid caused by staph infection of lash follicle. (painful)

54
Q

wt is the cause of CN 3 palsy without pupil involvement?

A

microvascular ischemia (not emergent)

55
Q

wt happens to the eye in Bell’s Palsy (specific word)? wt nerve and muscle involved?
3 txs?

A

Lagopthalmos - incomplete closure of the eye

CN 7 - orbicularis oculi muscle

tx= tape eyelid closed, lubrication or surgery

56
Q

wt innervates the superior oblique?

A

CN 4

57
Q

Hw is fetal vasculature of the eye different? specific name?

Wn does it become normal?

A

Fetus’s have stalk (hyaloid artery) that extends from optic nerve to post. lens. (blocks sight)
Disappears by 34 weeks

DT2 E2 (25 decks)

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