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Neet Pg > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Rosette cataract seen in

A

Trauma

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2
Q

Oil drop cataract seen in

A

Galactosemia

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3
Q

Diameter of optic nerve

A

1.5mm

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4
Q

Depth of anterior chamber

A

2-3mm

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5
Q

Volume of vitreous

A

4ml

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6
Q

Volume of orbit

A

30cc

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7
Q

Muscle attached to posterior tarsal margin

A

Mullers muscle

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8
Q

What is Marcus Gunn pupil? (2)

A
  1. Defect in optic chiasma
  2. Pupil paradoxically dilate when light is swung from eye to eye
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9
Q

Substantial propria of cornea is composed mainly of…..

A

Collagen

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10
Q

Cornea absorb oxygen mainly from….

A

Air directly

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11
Q

Nutrients diffuse into cornea from….

A

Aqueous humor

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12
Q

MLF is important for…

A

Conjugate gaze

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13
Q

Lesion in MLF results in…..

A

Inability to adduct ipsilateral eye on attempted lateral gaze

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14
Q

Structures derived from mesoderm (2)

A
  1. Corneal stroma and endothelium
  2. Smooth muscles of iris
    3 all muscles except iris
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15
Q

Eye of newborn is……(2)

A

Hypermetropic
2-3D

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16
Q

Visual angle is…..

A

Angle made by the object at nodal point of the lens

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17
Q

Alpha angle is….

A

Angle between visual and optic axis

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18
Q

Kappa angle is…

A

Angle between pupillary (anatomical ) axis and visual axis

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19
Q

Direct ophthalmoscope image is magnified …..times
Indirect ophthalmoscope image is magnified…..times

A

15
5

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20
Q

Electronic statogram is used for….

A

Graph for movement of eye

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21
Q

Anomolscope detects ….

A

Color blindness

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22
Q

Retinoscope is used for….

A

Assessing refractive state of eye

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23
Q

Isihara plates /Hardy Rand plates are used for testing …..

A

Color vision

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24
Q

Landolts rings are used for testing ….

A

Visual acuity in illiterates

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25
Q

Tests to detect macular function (3)

A
  1. Amsler grid
  2. Maddox rod test
  3. Cardboard test (2 point discrimination)
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26
Q

Mc malignant tumor of eyelid

A

BCC

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27
Q

Adhesion of margins of 2 eyelid are called ….

A

Ankyloblepharon

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28
Q

Recurrent chalazion may predispose to….

A

Adeno ca of meibomian gland

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29
Q

Features of congenital chronic dacrocystitis (3)

A
  1. Epiphora
  2. Regurgitation of pus
  3. Rx: conjuctivo-cysto-rhinostomy
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30
Q

Receptors of optic pathway

A

Rods and cones

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31
Q

Thalamic nucleus of Vision

A

Lateral geniculate body

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32
Q

Pupillary sparing is seen in …..d/s

A

DM

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33
Q

What is Webber’s syndrome?

A
  1. I/L CN3 palsy
  2. C/L hemiparesis
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34
Q

Loss of ciliospinal reflex seen in….

A

Horners syndrome

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35
Q

Rx for horners syndrome

A

Fasanella Servat operation

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36
Q

What is tylosis ?

A

Hypertrophy and drooping of eyelid

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37
Q

Feature of ptosis in Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome.

A

Non retractable ptosis that gets corrected by chewing action

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38
Q

Surgical procedure for ptosis

A

Blaskovics operation

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39
Q

Physiological insufficiency of accommodation is called ….

A

Presbyopia

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40
Q

Down beat nystagmus seen in…(5)

A
  1. Cerbellar/ brain stem lesion
  2. Multiple sclerosis
  3. Alcohol
  4. Anticonvulsant
  5. Lithium toxicity
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41
Q

Rotators nystagmus is called ….

A

Miners nystagmus

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42
Q

Complication of myopia (2)

A
  1. Lattice and snail track degeneration
  2. Peripheral retinal degeneration
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43
Q

Anisokonia is…..

A

Difference in image size

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44
Q

Anisometropia is……

A

Difference in refraction of 2 eyes

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45
Q

Giant papillary conjunctivitis is seen in …..

A

Contact lens

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46
Q

Most common allergic manifestation of phytenctular conjunctivitis is….

A

Koeppe’s nodules

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47
Q

Papillary hypertrophy seen in ….

A

Spring catarrh

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48
Q

Maxwell Lyon sign is….(2)

A

Ropy stringy discharge

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49
Q

Define artl’s line

A

Seen in trachoma
Conjunctival scarring in sulcus subtarsalis

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50
Q

Define pannus formation

A

Infiltration of cornea with vascularization

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51
Q

DOC of trachoma (topical)

A

Tetracycline 1%

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52
Q

First symptom of congenital glaucoma

A

Lacrimation

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53
Q

Features of congenital glaucoma (4)

A
  1. Boys are affected more
  2. Buphthalmos (big eyes)
  3. Ox eyes
  4. Large cornea
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54
Q

Corneal features of congenital glaucoma (2)

A

Hazy frosted glass cornea
Haab’s striae

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55
Q

Pathology of congenital glaucoma

A

Optineurin abnormality

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56
Q

Procedure of choice vs surgery of choice for congenital glaucoma

A

Procedure: combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy

Surgery of choice: goniotomy

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57
Q

Genes implicated in pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (2)

A

Optineurin gene
MYOC gene

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58
Q

Early visual field defect seen in primary open angle glaucoma (2)

A
  1. Isopteric contraction
  2. Barring blind spot
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59
Q

Surgical procedure for primary open angle glaucoma :
For angle closure glaucoma

A

Argon Laser trabeculoplasty

Laser iridotomy
Surgical iridectomy

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60
Q

Rubeiosis iridis is ……..associated with ….
Rx

A

Neovascularization of iris seen in neovascular glaucoma

Ass with CRAO

Panretinal photocoagulation

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61
Q

Associated features of keratoconus (2)

A

Munson sign
Fleischer sign

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62
Q

Corneal nerves are visible in …….condition

A

Keratoconus

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63
Q

Equatorial diameter of lens is…..

A

9mm

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64
Q

Max refractive power is in…..

A

Center of lens

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65
Q

Lens is thicker ……
Lens gets its nutrition from …….

A

Anteriorly

Acqueous humor

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66
Q

Most cataract in adults is….
Most common cataract in children is ….

A

Cortical cataract

Zonular cataract

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67
Q

Sign of complicated cataract is…..

A

Polychromatic lustre

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68
Q

Features of posterior cataract (2)

A

Unilateral -always
Ass with poor visual prognosis

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69
Q

Lamellar cataract is associated with…(2)

A

Malnutrition
Hypoparathyroidism

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70
Q

Rx for after cataract

A

NdYAG laser capsulotomy

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71
Q

Projectile vomiting is seen in …..ophthalmic condition

A

Papilledema

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72
Q

Disc findings seen in papilledema (3)

A
  1. Blurring of margins of optic disc
  2. Hyperemia of disc
  3. Elevation of disc - mushroom/dome shaped
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73
Q

Pseudo papillitis seen in….

A

Hypermetropia

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74
Q

Earliest feature of papillitis

A

RAPD
Papillitis aka optic neuritis

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75
Q

Ocular condition of RA

A

Episcleritis

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76
Q

Anterior uveitis is seen in….(3)

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Miotic pupil

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77
Q

Posterior uveitis seen in ….(3)

A
  1. Sarcoidosis
  2. Melanocyte containing tissue- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
  3. Behcets syndrome
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78
Q

Ciliary body is injured in …..

A

Sympathetic Opthalmitis

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79
Q

First sign of SO (2)

A

Retro lentil flare
Keratic ppt

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80
Q

Mc tumor of lacrimal gland

A

Benign mixed tumor

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81
Q

Hypothesis related to RB

A

Knudsons hypothesis

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82
Q

Rx of
1. Diffuse RB
2. Small rb.
3. B/L RB and metastatic disease

A
  1. Enucleation - eyeball +optic nerve
  2. Brachytherapy
  3. Chemotherapy
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83
Q

Rhegmatogenous rd is…..

A

Formation of hole in retina/ retinal tear

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84
Q

Rhegmatoneous RD is ass with …(5)

A
  1. Myopia
  2. Trauma
  3. Cataract surgery
  4. HTN
  5. Eales disease
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85
Q

Primary aim of RD surgery

A

Closure of break or tear in the retina

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86
Q

Feature of retinitis pigmentosa

A

Loss of visual acuity

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87
Q

Microscopic feature of retinitis pigmentosa

A

Irregular black deposits of clumped pigment in peripheral retina-bone spicules

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88
Q

Envisceration is done in….

A

Panopthalmitis
(Frills excision)

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89
Q

Enucleation is done in…(4)

A
  1. Retinoblastoma
  2. Malignant melanoma -adults
  3. Endopthalmitis
  4. Pthisis bulbi
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90
Q

Fundus exam for
NonIDDM
IDDM

A
  1. ASAP
  2. After 5 years of dx of DM
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91
Q

Features of eye in thyroid disease (4)

A
  1. Lid lag- von graf’s sign
  2. Poor convergence (mobius sign)
  3. External opthalmoplegia
  4. Large extraocular muscles
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92
Q

Tears are produced in newborn after….

A

4 weeks

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93
Q

Layers in tear film …..
Mucin deficiency seen in…(5)

A

3

  1. Steven Johnson syndrome
  2. Trachoma
  3. Burns
  4. Pemphigoid
  5. Vit A deficiency
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94
Q

D shaped pupil seen in….

A

Iridodialysis

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95
Q

Bulls eye maculopathy seen in….

A

Chloroquine

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96
Q

Whorled keratopathy seen in…

A

Amiodarone

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97
Q

Schwalbe’s ring seen in….

A

Descemet’s membrane

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98
Q

Angioid streaks seen in….

A

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

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99
Q

Scintillating Scotoma seen in….

A

Migraine

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100
Q

Epibulbar dermoids seen in….

A

Goldenhar’s syndrome

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101
Q

Sago grains seen in…

A

Trachoma

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102
Q

My ocular morbidity in India

A

Refractive error

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103
Q

Mc cause of blindness of children in India

A

Vit A deficiency

104
Q

Mydriqtic with no cycloplegic

A

Phenylephrine

105
Q

Mydriatic used as an ointment in children

A

Atropine

106
Q

Shallow anterior chamber seen in….

A

Intumescent cataract

107
Q

Mc congenital cataract affecting vision

A

Zonular

108
Q

Altitudinal defect seen in

A

AION

109
Q

Normal iOP

A

17-22- mmhg

110
Q

Mc soft tissue tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

111
Q

Direction of dislocation of lens in mar fans syndrome

A

B/L upward and temporal

112
Q

Drug with only cycloplegic action

A

Cyclopentolate

113
Q

Suppurations I.F of meibomian gland is known as…

A

Hordeleum

114
Q

CMV retinitis seen with CD4 counts

A

Less than 50

115
Q

Bonnets sign and elschnig spots seen in

A

HTN retinopathy

116
Q

Corneal condition in which steroid c/I

A

Herpetic conditions

117
Q

Resse ellsworth classification done for

A

RB

118
Q

Rx of choice for central serous retinopathy

A

No rx - resolves spontaneous

119
Q

Rx of choice for acathameoba

A

Chlorhexidine
Polyhexethylene biguanide

120
Q

Mc intraocular tumor in adults is …

A

Malignant melanoma of choroid

121
Q

Earliest visual field defects in glaucoma

A

Isolated paracentral scotoma

122
Q

Distant opthalmoscopy is done at a distance of ….

A

20-25 cm

123
Q

Vit a supplement for a child is

A

3 doses of 1 lakh units

124
Q

Brain ass with horizontal moves of eye

A

Pons

125
Q

Campometry is done for….

A

Field charting
Central and paracentral area of visual field

126
Q

Drug used for tonometry

A

4% XYlocaine

127
Q

Methyl alcohol causes blindness by acting on …..cells

A

Ganglion cells

128
Q

Most dangerous injury for vision

A

Fracture optic nerve Canal

129
Q

Cattle truck appearance seen in….

A

CRAO

130
Q

Rx of choice for clinically significant macular edema is….

A

Focal photocoagulation

131
Q

In pars planitis visual loss is due to…

A

Cystoid macular edema

132
Q

Keith wegener classification done for …

A

HTN retinopathy

133
Q

Distance of macula from optic disc is…

A

3 mm

134
Q

Ring scotoma seen in ….

A

RP

135
Q

Secondary vitreous develops from…

A

Ectoderm

136
Q

Site of bleeding of after cataract surgery

A

Posterior ciliary vessels

137
Q

Loss of eyelashes is known as

A

Madarosis

138
Q

Eyeball volume is …

A

5-7 ml

139
Q

Sclera is thinnest at…

A

Behind insertion of recti

140
Q

Sclera thicket at…

A

Posterior pole near optic nerve

141
Q

Nummular keratitis seen in….

A

Herpes zoster

142
Q

Instrument used to asses corneal surface

A

Placido disc

143
Q

Snow banking seen in…

A

Pars planitis - intermediate uveitis

144
Q

Bread crumb appearance seen in…

A

Complicated cataract

145
Q

Ring of sommering seen in…

A

After cataract

146
Q

Hypersecretary glaucoma seen in …

A

Epidemic dropsy

147
Q

5% guanethidine seen in….

A

Thyrotoxic opthalmopathy

148
Q

Edema following blunt trauma is…

A

Berlin edema

149
Q

Doc for CMV retinitis

A

Ganciclovir

150
Q

Of length of eyeball changes by 1mm, refractive index changes by…

A

3D

151
Q

Neurotrophic keratitis involves… nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve

152
Q

Excessive accommodation results in…

A

Pseudomyopia

153
Q

Chronic sterile If of meibomian gland is…

A

Chalazion

154
Q

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is caused by

A

Adenovirus

155
Q

Rx of after cataract

A

Nd yag laser

156
Q

Mc malignant intraorbital tumor in children

A

Lymphoma

157
Q

Pizza pie appearance seen in

A

CMV retinitis

158
Q

Achromatopsia seen in which area of occipital cortex

A

V8

159
Q

Method of examine posterior chamber on mature cataract is….

A

Bscan

160
Q

Pseudo proptosis seen in…

A

High myopia

161
Q

Complication of corneal ulcer

A

Anterior staphyloma

162
Q

Common cause of anterior uveitis

A

Idiopathic

163
Q

Blunt trauma to eye causes recession of angle of eye because

A

Tear in ciliary body

164
Q

Xray to view orbital floor fracture

A

Eaters view -nose chin

165
Q

Transparency of cornea is due to

A

Endothelium

166
Q

Mc cause of retinal detachment is due to

A

Myopia

167
Q

Glaucomflecon is a feature of…

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

168
Q

Axial pro ptosis is ass with …

A

Optic glioma

169
Q

Tarsal muscles are supplied by…nerves

A

Sympathetic nerves

170
Q

Placid disc used for …disease

A

Keratoconus

171
Q

Bigots spots seen in….disease
At ….portion of eye.

A

Vit a defiency
Bulbar conjunctiva

172
Q

Metabolic disease ass with cataract

A

Galactosemia

173
Q

Patho gnomic of trachoma

A

Bulbar follicles

174
Q

Ptosis with weak orbicularis oculi is an early feature of …

A

Myasthenia gravis

175
Q

Indicator of globe rupture

A

Contusion + HGE+ low IOP

176
Q

Dangerous area of eye

A

Ciliary body

177
Q

Mc ocular manifestation of mumps

A

Dacryoadenitis

178
Q

Keyhole shaped visual field defect seen in lesion of …

A

Lateral geniculate body

179
Q

Left sided Cn6 palsy will lead to…

A

Diplopia on left gaze

180
Q

Feature of 6nerve palsy

A

Convergent squint

181
Q

Loss of convergence with slight light reflex seen in…

A

Holmie adie pupil

182
Q

Which extraocular muscle is spared in involvement of oculomotor nerve?

A

Abduction

183
Q

Reciprocal inhibition of antagonist muscle upon lateral gaze is explained by ….

A

Sherrington law

184
Q

Site of peribulbar injection

A

Outside muscle case

185
Q

Corneal ulcer resembling fungal ulcer is…

A

Nocardia asteroids

186
Q

Specific topical remedy for angular conjunctivitis is….

A

Zinc sulphate

187
Q

Fluorescent dye for opthalmologic dx is injected into….

A

Antecubital vein

188
Q

Tonography determines….

A

Outflow of aqueous humor

189
Q

Perforated corneal ulcer leads to formation of ….

A

Anterior capsular cataract

190
Q

Distant mets in RB seen in

A

Brain

191
Q

Junction between retina and ciliary body is known as….

A

Ora serrata

192
Q

Ciliary staphyloma is complication of ….

A

Scleritis

193
Q

Retinal detachment ass with malignant melanoma of choroid is…

A

Exudative

194
Q

Mitomycin C drops used for…

A

Pterygium

195
Q

Region of cornea involved in early lesions of exposure keratopathy

A

Inferior 3rd

196
Q

Feature of retrobulbar neuritis

A

Child with sudden LOV , painful ocular movement
White eye with no obvious sign on ophthalmoscopy.

197
Q

Most important factor to determine convergence of light rays on retina

A

Curvature of cornea

198
Q

Lateral rectus palsy characterized by….sm

A

Uncrossed diplopia

199
Q

Snow blindness caused by

A

Uv rays

200
Q

Rx for corticocavernous fistula

A

Balloon embolization

201
Q

Use of A scan biometry

A

Axial length of eyeball measured for cataract surgery

202
Q

Earliest sign in papilledema

A

Blurring of disc margins

203
Q

Most common cause of amblyopia

A

Squint

204
Q

Distance between 2 focal points created by different refractive power of lens or cornea in different meridian is….

A

Sturms choroid

205
Q

Earliest sign in primary congenital glaucoma

A

Corneal edema with watering

206
Q

Sign seen in RD

A

Shaffer sign

207
Q

Instrument for calculating IOL power

A

Keratometer

208
Q

Periphlebitis retina is known as ….

A

Eales disease

209
Q

Low vision in pterygium seen in…

A

Astigmatism

210
Q

Breach in descemts membrane seen in..

A

Bupthalmos

211
Q

Which topically used anti glaucoma drug is non selective alpha agonist ?

A

Dipivefrine

212
Q

Elschnig pearls seen in…

A

After cataract

213
Q

Which layer involves in pterygium?

A

Bowman’s layer

214
Q

Left homonymous hemianopia seen with…

A

Optic tract

215
Q

Physiological change seen in near vision is…

A

Increase in depth of focus

216
Q

Minimum angle of resolution when visual acuity is 6/6 is…

A

1 min of arc

217
Q

Last field of vision to go in glaucoma is ….

A

Temporal

218
Q

Neonatal blindness can occur if neonatal conjunctivitis is caused by …org

A

N . Gonorrhoea

219
Q

Right prescription for simple myopic astigmatism

A

-2D spherical
+2D spherical x 180 degrees

220
Q

55 year old male with Emmettropic eye due to presbyopia will require correction of…

A

2D

221
Q

Dextroelevation during conjugate movement is caused by ….muscles

A

Left inferior oblique and right superior rectus

222
Q

Nerve involved in efferent pathway of light reflex

A

Oculomotor nerve

223
Q

Inner limiting membrane layer of retina formed by ….

A

Mullers cells

224
Q

Mc concomitant squint is…

A

Esotropia

225
Q

Glaucoma surgery that uses implant is….

A

Seton procedure

226
Q

Frontalis sling operation is done for…

A

Child presenting with ptosis and weakness of LPS

227
Q

Main reason behind development of papilledema in patient with SDH is…

A

Raised intracranial tension

228
Q

Feature of paralytic squint (4)

A
  1. 60 yr old female
  2. H/o DM,HTN
  3. C/F diplopia and squint
  4. Secondary deviation more pronounced than primary lesion
229
Q

Use of photostress test

A

Differentiate macular and optic nerve disease

230
Q

Shifting fluid sign found in…

A

Exudative RD

231
Q

Mc primary intraocular tumor in adults

A

Uveal melanoma

232
Q

Mc cause of u/L proptosis in
Children
Adults

A
  1. Orbital cellulitis
  2. Thyroid opthalmopathy
233
Q

Mc cause of B/L proptosis in children.

A

Neuroblastoma

234
Q

Common dyes used for corneal staining

A

Rose Bengal
Fluorescene
Lissamine

235
Q

Moorens ulcer seen in ….
C/f
Rx

A

Healthy men
Pain out of proportion,photophobia,redness,tearing

Immunosuppressions

236
Q

Iron deposition in pterygium is known as ….

A

Stockers line

237
Q

…..play am imp role in corneal hydration and transparency

A

GAG-keratin sulphate (50%)
Chodroitin sulphate
Chondroitin

238
Q

Adhesion if margins of eyelid….
Adhesion of eyelid to eyeball
Thickening of lid margin….

A

1.Ankylobhlepharon

  1. Symbhlepharon
  2. Tylosis
239
Q

Scleral thickening in elderly women with RA seen in….

A

Scleromalacia perforans

240
Q

Pterygium arises only from …..area of eye

A

Interpalpebral fissure

241
Q

Corneal ulcer where pain is out of proportion is seen in….

A

Acanthamoeba keratitis

242
Q

Pseudogerontoxon seen in….

A

Spring catarrh

243
Q

Corneal hydration maintained by…

A

Endothelium

244
Q

Demarcation line in retrolental fibroplasia(retinopathy of prematurity) first seen in….

A

Stage 1

245
Q

Cell bodies of mullers cells present in….

A

Inner nuclear layer

246
Q

Rx for congenital glaucoma

A

Trabeculotomy

247
Q

Syndrome Not ass with lens dislocation.

A

Usher syndrome
Features :
1. Deafness
2. Seizures
3. Mental retardation
4. Retinitis pigmentosa
5. Cataracts

248
Q

Rx for congenital cataract

A

Poc: posterior capsulotomy
Anterior vitrectomy

Lens aspiration

Lensectomy

249
Q

New advance in cataract surgery

A

Femtosecond laser

250
Q

Not done for phacoemulsufication

A

Sclerocorneal tunnel

251
Q

Blue dot cataract caused by…

A

Atopic dermatitis

252
Q

Cover uncover test done for (2)

A

Strabismus
Heterophoria

253
Q

Goldmann toninetry is …

A

Applantion Tonometry

254
Q

In snellens chart eye subtends to an angle of..

A

5 min per arc

255
Q

Extra set of eyelash emerging from posterior margin is called ….

A

Distichiasis

256
Q

Ushers syndrome features (5)

A
  1. Deafness
  2. Mental retardation
  3. Seizures
  4. Retinitis pigmentosa
  5. Cataracts

Neet Pg (11 decks)

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