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ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Cauliflower ear is seen in …..

A

Hematoma of auricle-boxers and wrestlers

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2
Q

Parts of tympanic membrane (2)

A

Pars tensa
Pars flaccida -shrapnel membrane

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3
Q

Nerve supply of tympanic membrane (2)

A
  1. Auriculotemporal nerve
  2. Auricular branch of vagus
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4
Q

Normal appearance of tympanic membrane

A

Pearly white membrane

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5
Q

Chalky white membrane is seen in ….

A

Tympanosclerosis

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6
Q

Narrowest part of middle ear

Location of mesotympanum …..

A

Mesotympanum

Directly medial to tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Location of tegmen/roof of tympanum

A

Opposite to middle cranial fossa

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8
Q

Bony labrynth is ………bone

Contents of peri lymph (2)

A

Cancellous bone

Resemble CSF
Low K+,low Ca, high sodium

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9
Q

Investigation of choice for malignant otitis externa

A

Gallium CT scan

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10
Q

Mastoid reservoir phenomenon is associated with ……

Serous otitis media is AKA (2)

A

ASOM

Secretory otitis media
Glue ear

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11
Q

Special features of serous otitis media (4)

A
  1. Marginal perforation
  2. B shaped tympanogram
  3. Medical Rx ineffective
  4. Insertion of tympanostomy tube +_ adenoidectomy
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12
Q

Location of perforation in CSOM (2)

A

Safe CSOM: central
Unsafe CSOM: marginal

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13
Q

Complications of CSOM (4)

A
  1. Mastoiditis -mc complications of CSOM
  2. Brain abscess
  3. Bezold’s abscess (SCM)
  4. Gradenigo syndrome
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14
Q

Define bezold’s abscess

Gradenigo syndrome (5)

A

SCM abscess

  1. Retro orbital pain
  2. Photophobia
  3. Lacrimation
  4. CN 5&6 I/L CN involvement
  5. Otitis media
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15
Q

Special feature of cholesteatoma (4)

A
  1. Bony erosion
  2. Apex of petrous temporal bone
  3. Attic/posterior -superior marginal region
  4. Modified radical mastoidectomy
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16
Q

Cholesteatoma is AKA (2)

A

Epidermosis
Keratoma

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17
Q

Modified radical mastectomy spares …(2)

A

Tympanic membrane and ossicles

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18
Q

Pathognomonic sign of lateral sinus thrombosis (2)

A
  1. Grinsinger sign -tenderness and edema over mastoid process
  2. Tobey-Ayer test
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19
Q

Radical mastoidectomy is done for ….

Otosclerosis begins in …..

A

Atticoantral cholesteatoma

Fissula antefenestrum

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20
Q

Mc site of otosclerosis

A

Oval window

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21
Q

Presenting feature of otosclerosis (3)

A
  1. Positive family history
  2. Progressive B/L conductive deafness
  3. Paraccusis willisii-ability to hear well in noisy environment.
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22
Q

Appearance of tympanic membrane in otosclerosis

Surgical procedure of choice for otosclerosis

A

Flamingo pink TM.

Stampedectomy + prosthesis

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23
Q

Use of sodium fluoride in otosclerosis

Ménière’s disease is AKA

A

Prevent progression

Endolymphatic hydrops

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24
Q

Triad of Ménière’s disease (3)

A

Hearing loss -low freq SN
Tinnitus-nonpulsatile
Recurrent prostrating vertigo

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25
Q

Pathological change in inner ear in Ménière’s disease

A

Generalized dilatation of membranous labrynth

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26
Q

Increased predisposition of Bell’s palsy in ….

A

Diabetics

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27
Q

Features of glomus tumor (2)

A
  1. Mc SCC
  2. Multicentric,lymphatic Mets
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28
Q

Chemodectoma/ non chromaffin paraganglioma are seen at…(2)

A
  1. Area of Jacobson’s nerve in tympanic plexus on promontory of middle ear.
    (Glomus tympanicus tumor)
  2. Glomus jugulare body in jugular bulb of internal jugular vein (glomus jugulare tumor)
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29
Q

Rx for glomus tumor (2)

A
  1. Modified radical mastectomy
  2. Surgical pOC: excision of petrous temporal bone
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30
Q

Mc common involved structure of acoustic neuroma is …..nerve

Ototoxic aminoglycosides are : (3)

A

Superior vestibular nerve

Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Neomycin

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31
Q

Ototoxic loop diuretics are …(2)

A

Furosemide
Ethacrynic acid

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32
Q

Features of pendred syndrome (2)

A

Deafness
Goiter

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33
Q

Features of usher syndrome (5)

A
  1. Seizures
  2. Deafness
  3. Mental retardation
  4. Retinitis pigmentosa
  5. Cataract
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34
Q

Features of Alport s syndrome (2)

A

Progressive sensorineural loss
Progressive severe GN

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35
Q

Presence of OAE positive means
Distinguishes between….

A

Outer hair cells of organ of corti are intact

Sensory from neural hearing loss

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36
Q

BAER is used for…

A

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials
Differentiating site of sensorineural hearing loss

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37
Q

Organism causing hemorrhagic otitis externa

Org causing otomycosis (2)

A

Influenza virus

Aspergillus Niger
Candida

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38
Q

Functions of nasal cavity (3)

A
  1. Warming
  2. Filtration
  3. Moistening of air
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39
Q

Opening of nasolacrimal duct is …..meatus

Opening of middle meatus is in…….(3)

A

Inferior meatus

1 maxillary sinus
2. Anterior ethmoidal sinus
3. Nasofrontal ducts

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40
Q

Opening in sphenoethmoid recess is …..

A

Sphenoid sinus

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41
Q
  1. Mucopurulent pus in middle meatus suggest ……
  2. Periodicity seen in….
  3. Sinusitis not seen at birth is …..
A
  1. Maxillary sinusitis
  2. Frontal sinusitis
  3. Frontal sinusitis
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42
Q

Definitive dx of sinusitis

FESS is used for ….(2)

A

Sinoscopy

Nasal polyps
Mucocele

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43
Q

Arteries contributing to little area (4)

A

Greater palatine artery
Sphenopalatine artery
Superior labial artery
Anterior ethmoid artery

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44
Q

Conditions where recurrent epistaxis is seen (3)

A
  1. DNS
  2. Atrophic rhinitis
  3. Maxillary ca
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45
Q

Most common cause of epistaxis in pubescent male

Mc cause of epistaxis in children

Mc cause of epistaxis in elderly

A

Angiofibroma

Trauma

HTN

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46
Q

Parosmia is…

Jarjavay fracture

A

Perception of bad smell

Horizontal fracture of nasal septum

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47
Q

Apple jelly nodules on nasal septum

Histological feature of rhinoscleroma

A

Lupus vulgaris

Mikulicz cells- foamy histiocytes

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48
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina ? (2)

A

Edema of floor of mouth
Involves submandibular space

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49
Q

What is ranula? (3)

A
  1. Thin walled
  2. Retention cyst
  3. Sublingual
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50
Q

Mc malignant tumor of adult male is ….

Premalignant conditions of oral cavity (3)

A

Oral cancer

  1. Leukoplakia
  2. Erythroplakia
  3. Oral submucosal fibrosis
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51
Q

Rx of malignant oral ca

A
  1. Surgery
    Radiorx
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52
Q

Nasopharynx is …..(2)

A

Oval shaped
Opening of ET

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53
Q

Features of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

A
  1. Benign
  2. Vascular neoplasm-Bx C/I
  3. Millers sign
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54
Q

Mc site of juvenile angiofibroma

A

Posterior part of nasal cavity - close to sphenopalatine foramen

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55
Q

IOC for juvenile angiofibroma

RxOC for juvenile angiofibroma

A

CECT - Millers sign

Surgery-they are responsive to radiotherapy

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56
Q

Mc age group affected with nasopharyngeal cancer

Mc site?

A

4th-5th decade

Lateral wall of nasopharynx-fossa of rosenmuller

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57
Q

Nasopharyngeal cancer is associated with -(2)

A
  1. EBV infection
  2. Serous otitis media
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58
Q

Trotters triad

A

Conductive deafness
Palatal paralysis
Temporoparietal neuralgia

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59
Q

Mc organism for quinsy

Timing of tonsillectomy

A

Streptococcus

6 weeks after appearance-interval tonsillectomy

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60
Q

Primary function of larynx

A

Protection of airways

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61
Q

Adductor if vocal cords (2)

A
  1. Lateral cricoarytenoid
  2. Transverse cricoarytenoid
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62
Q

Nerve supply of cricothyroid

Rx for laryngomalacia

A

External laryngeal nerve

Reassurance

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63
Q

Maximum stridor is seen with…

Mc cause of vocal cord palsy

Most dangerous vocal cord palsy

A

B/L incomplete vocal cord palsy

Total thyroidectomy

B/L abductor palsy

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64
Q

B/L reccurnt laryngeal nerve palsy occurs in…(2)

Medialization of vocal cord is in ….

A
  1. Neuritis
  2. Thyroidectomy

Thyroplasty type 1

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65
Q

Mc cause of death in epiglotitis

Premalignant conditions of larynx

A

Complete airway obstruction

Keratosis
Papilloma

66
Q

Mc type of neoplasm of larynx

Supra glottic cancer features (2)

A

SCC

  1. Pain
  2. Early lymphatic spread
67
Q

Postcricoid ca is ….

Verrucous cancer is Rx by ….

A

Mets to both sides of neck is common

Endoscopic surgery

68
Q

Features of laryngeal TB (2)

A
  1. Mamillated appearance
  2. Turban epiglottis
69
Q

Laryngitis sicca is caused by …..

A

Laryngitis atrophica - caused by klebsiella ozonae

70
Q

Quinke’s disease is ….
Reinke’s edema is….

Kiss ulcer of larynx/ contact ulcer of larynx is caused by ….

A

Edema of uvula

Edema of vocal cords

Vocal abuse

71
Q

Structures damaged in emergency tracheostomy (3)

A
  1. Isthmus of thyroid
  2. Inferior thyroid vein
  3. Thyroid imma artery
72
Q

Common complications of tracheostomy

A

Tracheal stenosis - mitomycin C is used for this complication.

73
Q

Nerve injured in transverse fracture of temporal bone

A

Facial nerve

74
Q

Management of secretory otitis media

Management of cholesteatoma

A

Myringotomy plus grommet tube insertion

Modified radical mastoidectomy

75
Q

Mc cause of brain abscess

Nasal mucosa is largely supplied by branches of ……artery

A

CSOM

External carotid artery

76
Q

IOC of juvenile angiofibroma

Antrochoanal polyp arises from ….

A

CECT

Maxillary antrum

77
Q

Post dental extraction, patient with pain and swelling of SCM. Exam reveals medial shift of tonsil. Dx?

A

Para-pharyngeal abscess

78
Q

Action of cricothyroid

Otitis externa is mc caused by ….

A

Tensor of vocal cords

Staph aureus

79
Q

B/l recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is seen in malignancy of which gland?

Maxillary sinus opens into middle meatus at level of ….

A

Thyroid gland

Infundibulum, middle concha

80
Q

Length of cartilaginous part of external auditory canal.

A person with neck nodes and B tympanogram may be having which tumor

A

8 mm.

Nasopharyngeal cancer.

81
Q

Dysphagia luscoria is caused by …

A

Aberrant right subclavian artery
-compression of esophagus- impaired swallowing

82
Q

Narrowest part of infant larynx is ….

Endolymphatic sac decompression is Rx for…..

A

Subglottis

Ménière’s disease

83
Q

Caldwell luc approach opens which sinus

Nasal myiasis is also known as…

A

Maxillary sinus

Maggots in nose

84
Q

Eutachian tube is bony in…..cartilage in ….

A

Lateral 1/3
Medial 2/3

85
Q

Surgical landmark of mastoid antrum

Inner ear lies in ……

A

Mc evans triangle

Petrous part of temporal bone

86
Q

Caloric test stimulates ….. structure

A

Lateral semicircular canals

87
Q

Vibrating area of TM

Site if myringotomy in serous otitis media

A

55sqmm

Anteroinferior

88
Q

Fluid level / air bubbles on otoscopic exam is characteristic of …..

Mc agent if atropic rhinitis

A

Secretory OM

K.ozonae

89
Q

Adenoidectomy with grommet insertion is Rx of choice for ….

Young’s operation is done for (2)

A

Serous otitis media in children

Atrophic rhinitis
Epistaxis

90
Q

Site of opening of sphenoid sinus

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess/ supreme meatus

91
Q

Site of opening of sphenoid sinus

Site of opening of nasolacrimal duct

Bezold’s abscess is related to which muscle

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Inferior meatus

SCM

92
Q

Mallampati grading is done to ascess….

A

Oral cavity before intubation

93
Q

Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies are characteristic of …..

Mc presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

Rhinoscleroma

LAD

94
Q

Sellicks maneuver is done to prevent…

Stylopharyngeous muscle is supplied by …..nerve

A

Gastric aspiration

Glossopharyngeal nerve

95
Q

Likely dx of a patient who presented with big nasal cavity, thick crust formation and woody hard external nose

Thumb sign on lateral xray is ….

A

Rhinoscleroma

Acute epiglottis

96
Q

Potato nose/rhinophyma is due to ….

Endolymph in inner ear is secreted by …..

A

Hypertrophy of sebaceous glands

Stria vascularis

97
Q

Movement of stapes causes vibration in….

Arterial supply of tonsil is mainly through….

A

Scala vestibuli

Tonsillar branch of facial artery

98
Q

Frontal sinus is best viewed on…..view

Focal length of objective piece of microscope commonly used for ear surgery

A

Caldwell view

250mm

99
Q

Gold standard procedure for prevention of aspiration

A

Tracheal division and permanent tracheostomy

100
Q

What is placed inside the ear during surgery of cochlear implant ?

A

Receiver stimulator

101
Q

Excessive hge during tonsillectomy is due to…..vein,…..artery

A

Paratonsillar vein
Ascending palatine artery

102
Q

Ideal Rx for rhinosporidiosis

A

Excision with cautery at base

103
Q

Etiology of anterior ethmoidal neuralgia

A

Middle turbinate pressing on nasal septum

104
Q

Test for detecting damage to cochlea

Ossicular lever ratio is ….

A

Absolute bone conduction

1.3:1

105
Q

Infection of CNS spreads in inner ear through…..

Type of deafness in Ménière’s disease

A

Cochlear aqueduct

Low frequency SN hearing loss

106
Q

Management of carcinoma larynx T1N0M0 stage.

A

External beam radiation

107
Q

Smallest space in middle ear

Ossicles increase intensity of sound by how many times

A

Mesotympanum

15 times

108
Q

Otolith organs are concerned with function of ….

Gelles test is positive in …..

A

Linear acceleration

Otosclerosis

109
Q

Stapedial reflex is mediated by nerves….(2)

Test which differentiates cochlear and retrocochlear lesion

A

Cn7&8

BERA

110
Q

For myringoplasty, Graft material of choice is ….

A

Temporal fascia

111
Q

Mc cause of acute otitis media in children is …..

Rupture of eardrum occurs at noise level of ….

A

Strept pneumonia

160db

112
Q

Organ of corti is located on …..

Cochlear aqueduct connects which parts

A

Basilar membrane

Inner ear with subarachnoid space

113
Q

Mc cause of deafness

Position of vocal cords in cadaver

A

Wax

Intermediate

114
Q

Topical Rx of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

Mc cause of nasal obstruction in Atrophic rhinitis

A

Cidofovir

Excessive formation of crust

115
Q

Pathognomic feature of maxillary sinus

Ossicle mc affected by CSOM

A

Mucopus in middle meatus

Long process of incus

116
Q

Rx of cholesteatoma with facial paresis in a child

Surgery on TM is done using

A

Immediate mastoidectomy

Operative microscope

117
Q

Schwartz operation is done in …..

Oral diaphragm is formed by which muscle ?

A

Acute mastoiditis

Mylohyoid

118
Q

Styalgia is AKA

Diameter of head mirror used in ENT

A

Eagles syndrome

10cm

119
Q

Fluctuating recurring variable SN deafness is seen in…

Frontal sinus May not be developed normally till ….age

A

Perilabrynthine fistula
12 years

120
Q

Periodicity is a feature of ……sinus

Pain sensation from ethmoidal sinus are carried by …..nerve

A

Frontal sinus

Nasociliary nerve

121
Q

Medial bulging of pharynx is seen in which abscess

A

Pharyngomaxillary abscess

122
Q

Vincent angina is caused by ….organism

A

Fusiform bacilli + spirochetes

123
Q

White patch in throat may be due to ….org

Pseudomembrane over tonsil and pharynx is caused by which organism.

A

Streptococcus

Gram positive bacilli

124
Q

Bull neck is seen in….infection

Site of origin of angiofibroma

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Posterior part of nasal cavity close to sphenopalatine ganglion

125
Q

Injury to superior laryngeal nerve causes what effect on noise

Posterior boundary of paraglottic space of larynx is formed by ….

A

Loss of timber of voice

Pyriform fossa mucosa

126
Q

Voice in a patient with B/L abductor paralysis of larynx

Lymph node mets in Ca vocal cords

A

Normal voice

Never seen

127
Q

Radiotherapy is rx OC for …..cancer

Frequency range in normal human being

A

Nasopharyngeal ca

20-20000 hz

128
Q

Maximum audible tolerance by WHO is

Chronic sclerosising adenitis is AKA

A

85db

Kuttner’s tumor

129
Q

Sialography is c/I in

Imaging modality of choice for paranasal sinus

A

Acute parotitis

CT scan

130
Q

Mc site of carcinoma of paranasal sinus

Management of paranasal sinus carcinoma

A

Maxillary sinus

Surgery plus radiotherapy

131
Q

Abscess in nasal septum lead to ….

Location of adenoids on pharyngeal wall

A

Septal perforation

Posteriorly

132
Q

Location of lingual tonsil

Objective dx of adenoid enlargement is made by ….

A

Pharyngeal tongue and base of tongue

Nasal fibreoptic endoscopy

133
Q

Maximum hearing loss is seen in…

A

Ossicular interruption with intact tympanic membrane

134
Q

Rhinitis sicca is characterized by ….

A

Crust formation in anterior 1/3if nasal cavity

135
Q

Condition that is a surgical emergency

Palatous ET seen in….

A

B/L choanal atresia

Pregnancy

136
Q

Vidian neurectomy is done for …

A

Vasomotor rhinitis

137
Q

Mc area involved in relapsing polychondritis

A

Cartilage of ear

138
Q

Incision used for maxillary sinus surgery is known as….

SADE classification is used for …..

A

Weber Ferguson

Pars tensa

139
Q

Potts puffy tumor is related to …..

Source of production of perilymph

A

Chronic frontal sinusitis

Capillaries of spiral ligament

140
Q

Before antibiotic era, LST was commonly caused by ….

Gutzmann pressure test is done in which condition

A

Beta hemolytic streptococci

Puberphonia

141
Q

Tapir nose is seen in…..

Nerve that mediates pain in Styalgia

A

Rhinoscleroma

Cn9

142
Q

Cholesteatoma is commonly caused by …

Treatment of choice in central safe perforation

A

Attico-antral perforation

Myringoplasty

143
Q

Tonsillectomy is indicated in ……

Not a feature of Ludwig angina

A

Rheumatic fever tonsillitis

Aphtous ulcer in mouth

144
Q

NOT a step in radical mastoidectomy

2 yr old child with b/L nasal pink masses. Most important investigation prior to undertaking surgery is….

A

Maintain patency of ET

CT scan

145
Q

Size of TM

Cottles test performed for….

A

90sqmm

DNS

146
Q

Which type of glands are ceruminous glands

A

Modified Apocrine glands

147
Q

Positive hennebert’s sign is seen in which congenital condition

Pitch discrimination is best between….

A

Congenital syphillis

100-1000hz

148
Q

While doing Caldwell surgery, approach to maxillary antrum is through which landmark?

A

Gingivo labial sulcus

149
Q

Narrowest area in nasal cavity

Clinical sign seen on exam in acute SOM

A

Internal nasal valve

Light house sign

150
Q

Structure between middle and inferior turbinate

Surgery of choice for DNS in adults

A

Middle meatus

Submucosal resection

151
Q

Sign seen in acoustic neuroma

A

Histelberger sign

152
Q

Type of epithelium of adenoid

Herpes zoster oticus is caused by which type ?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Herpes virus type 3

153
Q

Philtrum is derived from….

Recurrent oro facial edema,recurrent facial palsy and fissured tongue is seen in….

A

Medial nasal process

Melkerson rosenthal syndrome

154
Q

Nerve involved in freys syndrome

Thornwalds disease arises from….

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

Pharyngeal bursa

155
Q

Impedance matching is a function of …..

Inspiratory stridor is seen in carcinoma of ….

A

Middle ear

Subglottis region

156
Q

Location of placement of auditory brainstem implant

High tracheostomy is indicated in….

A

Lateral recess

Stridor due to laryngeal carcinoma

157
Q

Best modality after chordoma excision

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma arises from….

A

Radiotherapy

Notochord

158
Q

Which type of tumor arises in plummer vinson syndrome?

Piriformis fossa is located in….

Best radiological view for maxillary sinus is…

A

SCC

Laryngopharynx

Occipitomental view

159
Q

Saccule of inner ear develops from

Surgical partial closure of nasal orifice is done in…

A

Pars inferior

Atrophic rhinitis

160
Q

Occipitomental view of paranasal sinus with open mouth is known as….

Surgical procedure in which widening of cartilaginous part of external auditory canal

A

Pierre view

Meatoplasty

161
Q

Korners septum is seen in….suture

Which paranasal sinus is AKA ‘Antrum of Highmore’

Alderman’s nerve is AKA

A

Petrosquamous suture

Maxillary sinus

Auricular branch of vagus nerve

Neet Pg (11 decks)

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