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Neet Pg > Forensic Medicine > Flashcards

Forensic Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Define inquest

A

Judicial inquiry
1. Investigating cause of death
2. Conducted in cases of murder, accidents, suicide , suspicious death.

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2
Q

Coroners inquest was done in …….

Commonest type of inquest done in India is …….

A

Mumbai

Police inquest

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3
Q

Death in jail, inquest is carried out by …

A

Magistrate

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4
Q

Define subpoena

A

Written document issued by court
Given to a witness under penalty by police officer to attend to court to give evidence on particular day and time .

Aka summons

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5
Q

What is conduct money ?

A

Fee paid to the witness at time of serving summons-to cover expense for attending court.

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6
Q

Define perjury

A

Telling lies under oath or failure to tell what he or she knows or believes is true.

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7
Q

Define testamentary capacity

A

Mental ability to make a valid will

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8
Q

Define dying declaration.

A

Written or oral statements of a person who is dying , due to some unlawful act relating to his death.

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9
Q

Dying deposition

A

A magistrate records statement, has more legal value

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10
Q

Punishment by a session court

A

Any sentence authorised by law but death sentence must be confirmed by higher court.

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11
Q

Death sentence can be commuted;exchange a penalty for a less severe one) by ……. In India

A

President

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12
Q

Amnesty -formal act of liberating someone is under the authority of the …..

IPC 193 is for ….

A

President

Perjury-punishment for false evidence

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13
Q

IPC 197 is for ….

304A is for….

304B is for ….

A

Signing / issuing false certificates

Death caused by negligence

Dowry death

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14
Q

IPC320 is for ….

IPC 377 is for ….

A

Grievous hurt

Un-natural offence

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15
Q

Exhumation is done after written order from ….

It is conducted in …..

Max time limit for exhumation in India

A

1st class judicial magistrate

Day light

No time limit

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16
Q

Define cephalic index

A

Max breath/max length x 100
Determination of race
70-75 in dolico-cephalic skull (aryans)

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17
Q

In law, fetus is viable after ….days of intrauterine life

Who is an expert witness?

A

210 days /7 months

Person who is qualified/ experienced in scientific/technical subject. ( doctor/ firearm expert,finger print expert)

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18
Q

Define privileged communication

A

Statement communicated by a doctor to concerned authorities to protect the interests of the community.
Eg:
A person with infectious disease working as a cook
A driver found to be colour blind
Syphilitic man bathing in a pool

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19
Q

Professional negligence/ malpraxis

Therapeutic misadventure

A

Absence of reasonable care and skill or willful negligence on part of the doctor

Case in which patient dies due to some unintentional act done by the doctor or hospital.

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20
Q

Corpus delicti define

A

Elements of any criminal offence
Body of offence , essence of crime.

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21
Q

Res ipsa loquitor

Respondent superior

A

Evidence speaks for itself

An employer is responsible for negligent acts of the employee, provided it is done under direct supervision of the employer

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22
Q

Res judicata

A

When a judgement is delivered by court of law for an action, it cannot be re entered as decision is already been made.

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23
Q

Compos mentis

Cheiloscopy/ Figura linearum labiorum

A

Sound state of mind

Study of lip prints

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24
Q

What is poroscopy ?

A

Locards method.
Identification of pores on the ridges of fingers and hands.

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25
Q

Study of finger prints is known as ….

A

Dactylography/
Henry Galton system /
Dermatoglyphics

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26
Q

What is Gustafson’s method ?

A

Age of estimation of adults > 21 yrs of age by studying the physiological changes of each dental tissues

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27
Q

What is Bertillon’s method?

A

Portrait parle
Scientific indexing and filing of physical description of a person for purpose of future identification.

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28
Q

Best method to study age up to 15 years is …

Factor delaying the above is ….

Eruption of primary teeth completed by age ….

A

Dentition

Hypothyroidism

2-2.5 years

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29
Q

Mixed dentition seen in …..years

First permanent molar appears at ….yrs

A

6-12 years

6 years

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30
Q

Dactylographics first used in India by ….

Mc type of fingerprint

Permanent loss of finger print in ….

A

Sir William Heschle

Loop

Leprosy
Electric injury

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31
Q

Post mortem hypostasis starts as ….

After death, post mortem hypostasis gets fixed after ….

Post morgen stains of bright/ cherry red are seen in ….

A

Dull red patches

5-6 hours

Cyanide poisoning

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32
Q

Muscles affected in rigor mortis

Rigor mortis first appears in ….

A

All muscles -voluntary/involuntary

Involuntary muscle ( heart)

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33
Q

Late sign of death (3)

A

Putrefaction
Adipocere formation
Mummification

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34
Q

First sign of putrefaction

A

External: greenish discolouration of right iliac fossa

Internal : reddish brown discolouration of inner surface of vessels (aorta)

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35
Q

Last organ to putrify in males

Last organ to putrify in females

A

Prostate , testis

Non Gravid uterus, ovaries

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36
Q

Putrefactive changes in liver (2)

A

Honeycombing
Foamy liver

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37
Q

Putrefaction is delayed by ….

Adipocere formation is also known as …..

A

Arsenic
Carbolic acid

Saponification

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38
Q

Climate for adipocere formation

Adipocere formation is ….

A

Warm, humid climate

Hydrolysis and hydrogenation of fats

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39
Q

Mummification is …

Mummification is seen in …..(3)

A

Desiccation, dehydration, and shrinkage of cadaver ( preserving body features)

Dry air condition
Wind
High temperature

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40
Q

What is cafe coronary syndrome?

A

Most common in overdrunk,
deeply intoxicated with depressed gag reflex.

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41
Q

CaUse of death in cafe coronary?

A

Asphyxia/ reflex cardiac arrest from stimulation of vagus ( laryngeal nerve)

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42
Q

Mc type of abrasion

What is brush burn/ friction burn?

A

Graze abrasion

A type of graze abrasion-dragging over ground.

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43
Q

What is patterned abrasion ?

Blue colour of bruise is due to…..
Green colour of bruise is due to ….

A

Pressure injury - run over by vehicle.

Deoxyhb-seen after few hours to 3 days

Haematoidoin- seen at 5-6 days

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44
Q

Tentative marks/ hesitation marks are wounds seen in ..……

Gaping of wound is determined by……

A

Suicidal attempt

Langers lines

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45
Q

Healing of clean, incised wound is by …..

Incised looking wounds are…..

Depth is maximum in …..wound

A

Primary intention

Lacerated wounds over scalp

Stab wounds

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46
Q

Gutter fracture is …..

Fracture a la signature/ depressed fracture is …..

A

Oblique bullet wound

Outer table of skull driven into diploe, due to heavy object with small surface area

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47
Q

What is choking in firearm injury ?

A

Constructing device at the muzzle end of the shotgun

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48
Q

Contents of black gun powder (3)

A

Potassium nitrate
Sulfur
Charcoal

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49
Q

Smokeless powder is ….

Tandem bullets is ….

A

Nitrocellulose

2 bullets in succession

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50
Q

Entrance wound of a gun shot is ….

A

Abraded collar/Grease collar/ dirt collar

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51
Q

Dermal nitrate test detects ……

The constricting force in hanging is….

Partial hanging is …..

A

Gunpowder/ gunshot residues

Weight of the body

Bodies are partially suspended

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52
Q

Le facies sympathique is associated with ….

Ligature marks are type of …..

A

Hanging

Printed abrasion

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53
Q

Special feature of antemortem hanging

Cause of death in judicial hanging

A

Saliva may be found dribbling from angle of mouth

Fracture dislocation at C2-C3 or C3-C4

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54
Q

Signs of drowning (4)

A
  1. Fine,copious frothy discharge from mouth and nose
  2. Diatoms in bone marrow
  3. Goose skin/ cutis anserina
  4. Paultaf’s hemorrhage
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55
Q

Mc type of drowning is …..

What are diatoms?

A

Accidental

Unicellular algae,suspended in water, - presence in bone marrow and brain signifies drowning.

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56
Q

Gettlers test is done for …..

Emphysema aquosum signifies ….

Edema aquosum seen in…..

A

Drowning-it estimates chloride content of blood in both sides of the heart.

Wet drowning

Drowning of unconscious

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57
Q

Lightening burns are called ….

A

Arborescent burns/Filigree/ lichenbergs burns

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58
Q

Joules burns are ……

Crocodile skin appearance of skin suggest….

A

Electricity burns

High voltage electric burns

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59
Q

Heat Hematoma occurs between

Pugilstic attitude is due to …..

A

Skull and dura mater

Protein coagulation

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60
Q

Features of antemortem burns (5)

A
  1. Line of redness present
  2. Vesicles contain chloride , albumin
  3. Soot in upper respiratory passage
  4. Carboxyhb in blood is >5%
  5. Enzymes are increased
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61
Q

Vesicles seen in post-mortem burns contain …..

Spinal poisons are (2)

A

Air

  1. Nux vomica
  2. Gelesium
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62
Q

Universal antidotes (3)

A
  1. Animal charcoal 2 parts
  2. Magnesium oxide 1 part
  3. Tannic acid 1 part
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63
Q

Hemodialysis is done for poisoning of : (3)

Widmark formula is related with ….

Diwali poisons (2)

A

Barbiturates
Aspirin
Methanol

Alcohol

Mercury, phosphorus

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64
Q

Features of chronic mercury poisoning (3)

A
  1. Erecthism
  2. Shaking palsy
  3. Acrodynia-pink rash starting from tips of fingers
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65
Q

Features of arsenic poisoning (4)

A
  1. Aldrich mee lines ( nail)
  2. Mimics cholera poisoning
  3. Rain drop pigmentation
  4. Golden hair
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66
Q

Who are the arsenophagists?

A

Those who can tolerate high doses of arsenic

67
Q

3 special features of arsenic poisoning

A
  1. Retardation of putrefaction
  2. Detected in
    completely decomposed bones,
    ash,
    charred bodies
  3. Delayed rigor
68
Q

Test for arsenic poisoning (2)

A
  1. Marsh test
  2. Reinsch test
69
Q

Features of lead poisoning (5)

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Basophilia- punctate
  3. Burtonian line
  4. Constipation
  5. Death
70
Q

What is burtonian line?

Early manifestation of chronic lead poisoning

A

Appears in gingivo tooth border after prolonged high level of exposure to lead

Facial pallor

71
Q

Effects of sulphuric acid poisoning

A

Stomach mucosa is stained black
Perforation of stomach is common

72
Q

Fatal period for sulphuric acid is …

Special feature of sulphuric acid is …..

A

18-24 hours

Vitriolage

73
Q

Urine in carbolic acid poisoning is ….

Appearance of stomach on carbolic acid poisoning

Special feature of carbolic acid poisoning

A

Urine turns green or black on exposure to air

Stomach looks leathery

Retards putrefaction

74
Q

Russel viper’s venom is …..

Cobra,krait venom is …..

Sea snake venom is ….

A

Hemolytic

Neutotoxic

Myotoxic

75
Q

Stiffening of muscles immediately after death without being preceded by primary relaxation is known as …..

Green colour of bruise is due to …..

A

Cadavaric spasm/ instantaneous rigor

Hematoidin

76
Q

Garlic odor of smell is a feature of ….

Antidote for arsenic poisoning

A

Arsenic poisoning

Freshly ppt hydrated ferric oxide

77
Q

Atropine poisoning features are of …..poisoning

Rectified spirit is used for viscera preservation in …….

A

Dhatura

Acid poisoning except carbolic acid

78
Q

Hallucination of insects crawling on skin is known as …..

A

Magnan’s syndrome

79
Q

Lily’s kit antidote for HCN poisoning includes

0.1% solution of copper sulphate is used for stomach wash in cases of poisoning with …..

A

Amyl nitrate—>sodium nitrate—>sodium thiosulphate

Yellow phosphorus

80
Q

Paultaf’s hge is a feature of …..

A

Drowning

81
Q

Postmortem caloricity seen in …..poisoning

Gastric lavage is done for corrosive poisoning caused by (2)

A

Strychinine poisoning

Carbolic acid and oxalic acid

82
Q

Barbiturate excretion in urine May be increased by …..

Urine appears “liquid gold” in which poisoning

A

Alkalinization of urine

Barbiturate

83
Q

Road poison is another term for ….

Criminal responsibility of a person of unsound mind in india is incorporated in …..IPC

A

Dhatura

84

84
Q

Lacerated wound resembles an incised wound if present on …..

Rigor Mortis first starts in ……

A

Forehead/ bony prominences

Involuntary muscles of the heart

85
Q

MOA of ethyl alcohol in methyl alcohol poisoning

Toxicity of methyl alcohol is …..

A

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Formic acid

86
Q

Tail of wound tells about …..

Antidote of copper poisoning

Type of bullet which causes maximum damage

A

Direction of weapon used

1% potassium ferrocyanide

Hollow point bullet

87
Q

Section IPC 153 deals with ….

Angel dust is …..

Content of calotropis

A

Criminal intimidation

Phencyclidine

Calotropin-cardiac glycoside

88
Q

MOA of abrin

Puppes rule deals with ….

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor (60S)

Determining sequence of gunshot from a firearm

89
Q

Poroscopy was developed by ….

Grievous hurt criteria is how many days

A

Edmond Locard

20 days

90
Q

Saturnism is associated with ….

Wine yard poisoning is ….

A

Lead poisoning

Chronic copper poisoning

91
Q

Bitter almond smell is seen in …..

A

HCN poisoning

92
Q

Charas/hashish is prepared from which part of plant

Ganja is prepared from …..

A

Leaves and stem

Female efflorescence

93
Q

Bhang is prepared from

Active principle of cannabis

A

Dry leaves and fruit shoots

THC( tetra-hydro-cannabinol)

94
Q

Run amok is a feature of ….

Chelating agent of choice in lead poisoning

A

Cannabis poisoning

Calcium di sodium edentate

95
Q

Chelating agent of choice in mercury and arsenic poisoning

A

BAL/ dimercaprol

96
Q

Eg of abortificants (3)

Artificial bruise is produced by …..

A

Calotropis
Oleander
Lead

Semicarpus anacardium

97
Q

Smoky green urine is seen in which poisoning

A

Carbolic acid

98
Q

I’m forearm exit wound, changes seen in inner and outer table of skull

A

Outer table: beveled
Inner table: punched out
Vice versa in entry wound

99
Q

Composition of smokeless powder (double base)

A

Nitrocellulose + nitroglycerin

100
Q

Preservatives for :
1. Transport of urine sample to lab
2. CSF
3. Viscera
4. Blood grouping.

A
  1. Thymol
  2. Sodium fluoride
  3. 10% formalin
  4. 25% formalin + sodium citrate
101
Q

Most reliable test for identification of blood stains
Test for identification of old blood stains

A

Spectroscopy

Hemo-chromogen test/ takayama test

102
Q

Test to differentiate human and animal blood

Test to detect spermine in seminal stains

Test to detect choline in seminal stains

A

Precipitin test

Barberio test

Florence test

103
Q

Hydrostatic test is done in cases of ….

Hydrostatic test holds no significance when fetus is….

A

Infanticide

Mummified/ macerated

104
Q

Ponderals index is used for

Ischiopubic index is used for determination of …

Identification by matching photos with skull

A

IUGR
Gender

Superimposition technique

105
Q

Sweating is not seen in which type of heat injury

Gender can be determined by examining hair root cells for the presence of …..

A

Heat stroke

Barr bodies

106
Q

Corpus delicti is ….
McEwans sign is seen in …..

Offense in which police can arrest a person without a warrant is ….

A

Essence of crime

Alcohol intoxication

Cognizable offense

107
Q

Who is a hostile witness?

A

Person with some motive or interest for concealing part of truth and fact or giving false evidence

108
Q

Postmortem caloricity is defined as…
Seen in conditions (4)

A

Increase in temperature for 1-2 hours after death
Seen in:
Sunstroke
Septicemia
Tetanus
Strychnine poisoning

109
Q

Hydrostatic floatation test is done for

Mummification is due to ….

A

Live birth

Dessication

110
Q

Acrodynia is associated with …..poisoning

A

Mercury

111
Q

IPC 498A is for ….

A

Cruel behaviour of husband, family members or relatives towards a woman

112
Q

Mc cause of death in drowning is …..

Teeth bite marks are which type of abrasion

In which poisoning does CSF need to be preserved?

A

Cardiac arrest

Pressure

Alcohol

113
Q

Colour of bruises on 2-4th day

Poisoning gastric lavage is C/I (3)

A

Dark blue/ bluish black to brown

  1. Kerosene
  2. Volatile
  3. Corrosive - sulphuric acid
114
Q

Antidote for phosphorus poisoning

Transplantation of human organ act was passed in which year

A

Copper sulphate

1994

115
Q

Aconite is a …….poison

Severe beating on soles is ……

A

Cardiac

Falanga

116
Q

Cause of death in cafe coronary

Substance detected in Gettlers test

A

Asphyxia/ reflex cardiac arrest

Nacl

117
Q

Location of knot in typical hanging

Formication is seen with which poison

A

Angle of mandible

Cocaine

118
Q

Inquest in death is carried out by ….

Pearson formula is used for estimating …

A

Police - in India

Height

119
Q

Gustafson’s method for dental age estimation detects

Preauricular sulcus in female is present in which bone

A

Transparency of root

Pelvic/hip bone

120
Q

Bruise is greenish colour in …..days

Ponds fracture is sen on which bone

A

6th day

Skull

121
Q

What is gutter fracture ?

A

Tangential bullet injury

122
Q

Contre coup injury means

A

Injury opposite to the actual site of impact of the head.

123
Q

Richochet bullet is defined as ….

A

Bullet before striking; aims at some intervening object first, rebounds and then hits the object.

124
Q

Privation of any member of a joint comes is which type of injury

Cause of death in electrocution

A

Grievous injury

Ventricular fibrillation

125
Q

Algor mortis is observed in …..(2)

Organ to putrify last in the body is …..

A
  1. Frostbite
  2. Barbiturate poisoning

Bone

126
Q

Aseptic autolysis is known as…..

Most characteristic external sign of death due to drowning

A

Maceration

Fine,copious,frothy discharge coming from mouth and nostrils

127
Q

Dermal nitrate detects ….

Florence test for seminal stain detects which substance

A

Gunpowder residues

Choline iodide

128
Q

Knock out drops is another term for ….

Metal fume fever is associated with poisoning of …..

A

Chloral hydrate

Zinc

129
Q

Poison which inhibits cytochrome oxidase

Bevelling of the skull is seen in the….

A

Cyanide

Exit point of gunshot on skull

130
Q

Honeycombing of liver seen in ….

Sodium fluoride is used as a preservative in poisoning with …..

A

Putrefaction

Alcohol

131
Q

Yellow fatty liver is seen in poisoning with ……

Anterior horn cells are affected in which poisoning

A

Phosphorus

Strychinine poisoning

132
Q

Hippus is associated with which poison

A dead body is having cadaveric lividity of bluish green colour. The most likely cause of death is by poisoning due to ….

A

Aconite

Hydrogen sulphite

133
Q

Abrasion on the inner side of mouth is noticed in death due to …..

Smothering and traumatic asphyxia is known as …..

A

Smothering

Burking

134
Q

A doctor in the witness box is …..

FFg and FFFg are used to describe

A

Both commmon and expert witness

Black gunpowder

135
Q

No.of hrs since death is calculated by

No of deciduous teeth

A

Fall in rectal temp x 1.5

20

136
Q

In autopsy, preservative used for vitreous

Stellate star wound is produced with firearm in ….

A

Sodium fluoride

Contact shot

137
Q

Scab/ crust of a wound appears in ….days

509IPC deals with …..

A

2-3 days

Act intended to insult the modesty of a woman

138
Q

20 yr old young female comes to male Gyne for pelvic exam. The consent for exam is ….

Repeated ad in the newspaper by a medical practitioner is an eg of …..

A

Implied consent

Infamous conduct

139
Q

Hooch’s tragedy is due to ….

Nail polish remover consumption by a child may manifest as …..

Seminal stains show fluorescence under filtered UV light due to …..

A

Methyl alcohol

Acetone poisoning

Choline iodide

140
Q

Person is held responsible for a crime in …..

Heart rate in organophosphate poisoning

Neurological feature of chronic lead poisoning (2)

A

Voluntary drunkenness

Increase or decrease

Encephalopathy, wrist drop

141
Q

Action of oximes in organophosphate poisoning

Gastric lavage can be done in poisoning by ..(4)

A

Reactivate inhibited cholinesterase

Carbolic acid,
Oxalic acid
Caustic potash
Soda

142
Q

Antidote of arsenic poisoning

Antidote for copper poisoning

A

Freshly prepared hydrated ferric oxide

Potassium ferrocyanide

143
Q

A contusion can be differentiated from postmortem staining by …..

Fish tailing of margins in a stab wound suggest

A

Incision test

Single edged knife

144
Q

In case of shot by bullet, presence of singeing (of hair) and charring (of skin) indicate a distance up to ….

Conventional laws of courtesy observed between members of medical profession

A

1 meter

Medical etiquette

145
Q

IPC that deals with rash and negligent driving

Underwater autopsy is done in which condition

A

IPC 304A

Air embolism

146
Q

Location of post mortem staining

Minimum time for adipocere formation in body is ….

A

Seen only in independent parts

21 days

147
Q

In India , rigor mortis sets in ….

Rape is intercourse with a girl even with her consent (other than wife) if she is less than …..

A

1-2 hrs

16 yrs of age

148
Q

Barberios test is done for
Detects ……

A

Seminal stains
Spermin

149
Q

Which part of hymen ruptures first in sexual act

Oral coitus is also known as ….

A

Posterolateral

Sin of Gomorrah

150
Q

Which poisoning result in post-mortem blue discolouration?

A

Aniline poisoning
(Bluish green- hydrogen sulphide)

151
Q

Antidote for methy alcohol poisoning

Upper age limit for prisoning in a juvenile home

A

Fomepizole

18 years

152
Q

Drug helpful in managing pinpoint pupils, a garlic smell.

In what developmental milestone, incisior erupts earliest?

A

Atropine ( case of organophosphate poisoning)

Lower central incisor

153
Q

What is the similarity between strangulation and hanging from low level?

Which IPC is related to infanticide?

A

Ligature mark would be transverse.

302IPC

154
Q

Use of dangerous weapon is which IPC?

IPC for abandoning a child

Section 312-315 deals with….

A

324 IPC

317 IPC

Criminal abortion

155
Q

Closure of spheno-occipital suture occurs at age of …..

What is dying deposition?

A

18 years

Statement recorded by magistrate in front of the accused or hai lawyer

156
Q

Overriding of skull bones inutero death of child is known as….

Earliest organ to putrify

A

Spalding sign

Brain

157
Q

Odour of mummification

Which poisoning causes bluish discolouration of stomach mucosa ?

A

None

Sodium Amytal, copper

158
Q

Locards method is used to identify which body part ?

Theory related to locard’s principle?

A

Fingerprints

Theory of exchange

159
Q

Posthumous child is one who is born after

Exhibitionism is prosecuted under IPC

A

Death of the father

294 IPC

160
Q

Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapon comes under IPC

A

326 IPC

161
Q

In examining pelvis, a well defined iliopectinal line indicates that pelvis is of ……

Punishment for perjury is under ……IPC

A

Male

193 IPC

162
Q

In rape of small child,hymen don’t rupture because….

Magnan’s symptoms seen in ….

A

It is deep seated

Abuse of cocaine

163
Q

Poison commonly detected in exhumed bodies is …….

Most widely used substance causing dependence is ….

A

Arsenic

Cannabis

Neet Pg (11 decks)

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