Forensic Medicine Flashcards by Anitha Roy

Define inquest

Judicial inquiry
1. Investigating cause of death
2. Conducted in cases of murder, accidents, suicide , suspicious death.

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Coroners inquest was done in …….

Commonest type of inquest done in India is …….

Mumbai

Police inquest

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Death in jail, inquest is carried out by …

Magistrate

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Define subpoena

Written document issued by court
Given to a witness under penalty by police officer to attend to court to give evidence on particular day and time .

Aka summons

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What is conduct money ?

Fee paid to the witness at time of serving summons-to cover expense for attending court.

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Define perjury

Telling lies under oath or failure to tell what he or she knows or believes is true.

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Define testamentary capacity

Mental ability to make a valid will

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Define dying declaration.

Written or oral statements of a person who is dying , due to some unlawful act relating to his death.

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Dying deposition

A magistrate records statement, has more legal value

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Punishment by a session court

Any sentence authorised by law but death sentence must be confirmed by higher court.

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Death sentence can be commuted;exchange a penalty for a less severe one) by ……. In India

President

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Amnesty -formal act of liberating someone is under the authority of the …..

IPC 193 is for ….

President

Perjury-punishment for false evidence

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IPC 197 is for ….

304A is for….

304B is for ….

Signing / issuing false certificates

Death caused by negligence

Dowry death

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IPC320 is for ….

IPC 377 is for ….

Grievous hurt

Un-natural offence

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Exhumation is done after written order from ….

It is conducted in …..

Max time limit for exhumation in India

1st class judicial magistrate

Day light

No time limit

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Define cephalic index

Max breath/max length x 100
Determination of race
70-75 in dolico-cephalic skull (aryans)

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In law, fetus is viable after ….days of intrauterine life

Who is an expert witness?

210 days /7 months

Person who is qualified/ experienced in scientific/technical subject. ( doctor/ firearm expert,finger print expert)

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Define privileged communication

Statement communicated by a doctor to concerned authorities to protect the interests of the community.
Eg:
A person with infectious disease working as a cook
A driver found to be colour blind
Syphilitic man bathing in a pool

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Professional negligence/ malpraxis

Therapeutic misadventure

Absence of reasonable care and skill or willful negligence on part of the doctor

Case in which patient dies due to some unintentional act done by the doctor or hospital.

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Corpus delicti define

Elements of any criminal offence
Body of offence , essence of crime.

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Res ipsa loquitor

Respondent superior

Evidence speaks for itself

An employer is responsible for negligent acts of the employee, provided it is done under direct supervision of the employer

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Res judicata

When a judgement is delivered by court of law for an action, it cannot be re entered as decision is already been made.

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Compos mentis

Cheiloscopy/ Figura linearum labiorum

Sound state of mind

Study of lip prints

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What is poroscopy ?

Locards method.
Identification of pores on the ridges of fingers and hands.

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Study of finger prints is known as ….

Dactylography/ Henry Galton system / Dermatoglyphics

What is Gustafson’s method ?

Age of estimation of adults > 21 yrs of age by studying the physiological changes of each dental tissues

What is Bertillon’s method?

Portrait parle Scientific indexing and filing of physical description of a person for purpose of future identification.

Best method to study age up to 15 years is … Factor delaying the above is …. Eruption of primary teeth completed by age ….

Dentition Hypothyroidism 2-2.5 years

Mixed dentition seen in …..years First permanent molar appears at ….yrs

6-12 years 6 years

Dactylographics first used in India by …. Mc type of fingerprint Permanent loss of finger print in ….

Sir William Heschle Loop Leprosy Electric injury

Post mortem hypostasis starts as …. After death, post mortem hypostasis gets fixed after …. Post morgen stains of bright/ cherry red are seen in ….

Dull red patches 5-6 hours Cyanide poisoning

Muscles affected in rigor mortis Rigor mortis first appears in ….

All muscles -voluntary/involuntary Involuntary muscle ( heart)

Late sign of death (3)

Putrefaction Adipocere formation Mummification

First sign of putrefaction

External: greenish discolouration of right iliac fossa Internal : reddish brown discolouration of inner surface of vessels (aorta)

Last organ to putrify in males Last organ to putrify in females

Prostate , testis Non Gravid uterus, ovaries

Putrefactive changes in liver (2)

Honeycombing Foamy liver

Putrefaction is delayed by …. Adipocere formation is also known as …..

Arsenic Carbolic acid Saponification

Climate for adipocere formation Adipocere formation is ….

Warm, humid climate Hydrolysis and hydrogenation of fats

Mummification is … Mummification is seen in …..(3)

Desiccation, dehydration, and shrinkage of cadaver ( preserving body features) Dry air condition Wind High temperature

What is cafe coronary syndrome?

Most common in overdrunk, deeply intoxicated with depressed gag reflex.

CaUse of death in cafe coronary?

Asphyxia/ reflex cardiac arrest from stimulation of vagus ( laryngeal nerve)

Mc type of abrasion What is brush burn/ friction burn?

Graze abrasion A type of graze abrasion-dragging over ground.

What is patterned abrasion ? Blue colour of bruise is due to….. Green colour of bruise is due to ….

Pressure injury - run over by vehicle. Deoxyhb-seen after few hours to 3 days Haematoidoin- seen at 5-6 days

Tentative marks/ hesitation marks are wounds seen in ..…… Gaping of wound is determined by……

Suicidal attempt Langers lines

Healing of clean, incised wound is by ….. Incised looking wounds are….. Depth is maximum in …..wound

Primary intention Lacerated wounds over scalp Stab wounds

Gutter fracture is ….. Fracture a la signature/ depressed fracture is …..

Oblique bullet wound Outer table of skull driven into diploe, due to heavy object with small surface area

What is choking in firearm injury ?

Constructing device at the muzzle end of the shotgun

Contents of black gun powder (3)

Potassium nitrate Sulfur Charcoal

Smokeless powder is …. Tandem bullets is ….

Nitrocellulose 2 bullets in succession

Entrance wound of a gun shot is ….

Abraded collar/Grease collar/ dirt collar

Dermal nitrate test detects …… The constricting force in hanging is…. Partial hanging is …..

Gunpowder/ gunshot residues Weight of the body Bodies are partially suspended

Le facies sympathique is associated with …. Ligature marks are type of …..

Hanging Printed abrasion

Special feature of antemortem hanging Cause of death in judicial hanging

Saliva may be found dribbling from angle of mouth Fracture dislocation at C2-C3 or C3-C4

Signs of drowning (4)

1. Fine,copious frothy discharge from mouth and nose 2. Diatoms in bone marrow 3. Goose skin/ cutis anserina 4. Paultaf’s hemorrhage

Mc type of drowning is ….. What are diatoms?

Accidental Unicellular algae,suspended in water, - presence in bone marrow and brain signifies drowning.

Gettlers test is done for ….. Emphysema aquosum signifies …. Edema aquosum seen in…..

Drowning-it estimates chloride content of blood in both sides of the heart. Wet drowning Drowning of unconscious

Lightening burns are called ….

Arborescent burns/Filigree/ lichenbergs burns

Joules burns are …… Crocodile skin appearance of skin suggest….

Electricity burns High voltage electric burns

Heat Hematoma occurs between Pugilstic attitude is due to …..

Skull and dura mater Protein coagulation

Features of antemortem burns (5)

1. Line of redness present 2. Vesicles contain chloride , albumin 3. Soot in upper respiratory passage 4. Carboxyhb in blood is >5% 5. Enzymes are increased

Vesicles seen in post-mortem burns contain ….. Spinal poisons are (2)

Air 1. Nux vomica 2. Gelesium

Universal antidotes (3)

1. Animal charcoal 2 parts 2. Magnesium oxide 1 part 3. Tannic acid 1 part

Hemodialysis is done for poisoning of : (3) Widmark formula is related with …. Diwali poisons (2)

Barbiturates Aspirin Methanol Alcohol Mercury, phosphorus

Features of chronic mercury poisoning (3)

1. Erecthism 2. Shaking palsy 3. Acrodynia-pink rash starting from tips of fingers

Features of arsenic poisoning (4)

1. Aldrich mee lines ( nail) 2. Mimics cholera poisoning 3. Rain drop pigmentation 4. Golden hair

Who are the arsenophagists?

Those who can tolerate high doses of arsenic

3 special features of arsenic poisoning

1. Retardation of putrefaction 2. Detected in completely decomposed bones, ash, charred bodies 3. Delayed rigor

Test for arsenic poisoning (2)

1. Marsh test 2. Reinsch test

Features of lead poisoning (5)

1. Anemia 2. Basophilia- punctate 3. Burtonian line 4. Constipation 5. Death

What is burtonian line? Early manifestation of chronic lead poisoning

Appears in gingivo tooth border after prolonged high level of exposure to lead Facial pallor

Effects of sulphuric acid poisoning

Stomach mucosa is stained black Perforation of stomach is common

Fatal period for sulphuric acid is … Special feature of sulphuric acid is …..

18-24 hours Vitriolage

Urine in carbolic acid poisoning is …. Appearance of stomach on carbolic acid poisoning Special feature of carbolic acid poisoning

Urine turns green or black on exposure to air Stomach looks leathery Retards putrefaction

Russel viper’s venom is ….. Cobra,krait venom is ….. Sea snake venom is ….

Hemolytic Neutotoxic Myotoxic

Stiffening of muscles immediately after death without being preceded by primary relaxation is known as ….. Green colour of bruise is due to …..

Cadavaric spasm/ instantaneous rigor Hematoidin

Garlic odor of smell is a feature of …. Antidote for arsenic poisoning

Arsenic poisoning Freshly ppt hydrated ferric oxide

Atropine poisoning features are of …..poisoning Rectified spirit is used for viscera preservation in …….

Dhatura Acid poisoning except carbolic acid

Hallucination of insects crawling on skin is known as …..

Magnan’s syndrome

Lily’s kit antidote for HCN poisoning includes 0.1% solution of copper sulphate is used for stomach wash in cases of poisoning with …..

Amyl nitrate—>sodium nitrate—>sodium thiosulphate Yellow phosphorus

Paultaf’s hge is a feature of …..

Drowning

Postmortem caloricity seen in …..poisoning Gastric lavage is done for corrosive poisoning caused by (2)

Strychinine poisoning Carbolic acid and oxalic acid

Barbiturate excretion in urine May be increased by ….. Urine appears “liquid gold” in which poisoning

Alkalinization of urine Barbiturate

Road poison is another term for …. Criminal responsibility of a person of unsound mind in india is incorporated in …..IPC

Dhatura 84

Lacerated wound resembles an incised wound if present on ….. Rigor Mortis first starts in ……

Forehead/ bony prominences Involuntary muscles of the heart

MOA of ethyl alcohol in methyl alcohol poisoning Toxicity of methyl alcohol is …..

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase Formic acid

Tail of wound tells about ….. Antidote of copper poisoning Type of bullet which causes maximum damage

Direction of weapon used 1% potassium ferrocyanide Hollow point bullet

Section IPC 153 deals with …. Angel dust is ….. Content of calotropis

Criminal intimidation Phencyclidine Calotropin-cardiac glycoside

MOA of abrin Puppes rule deals with ….

Protein synthesis inhibitor (60S) Determining sequence of gunshot from a firearm

Poroscopy was developed by …. Grievous hurt criteria is how many days

Edmond Locard 20 days

Saturnism is associated with …. Wine yard poisoning is ….

Lead poisoning Chronic copper poisoning

Bitter almond smell is seen in …..

HCN poisoning

Charas/hashish is prepared from which part of plant Ganja is prepared from …..

Leaves and stem Female efflorescence

Bhang is prepared from Active principle of cannabis

Dry leaves and fruit shoots THC( tetra-hydro-cannabinol)

Run amok is a feature of …. Chelating agent of choice in lead poisoning

Cannabis poisoning Calcium di sodium edentate

Chelating agent of choice in mercury and arsenic poisoning

BAL/ dimercaprol

Eg of abortificants (3) Artificial bruise is produced by …..

Calotropis Oleander Lead Semicarpus anacardium

Smoky green urine is seen in which poisoning

Carbolic acid

I’m forearm exit wound, changes seen in inner and outer table of skull

Outer table: beveled Inner table: punched out Vice versa in entry wound

Composition of smokeless powder (double base)

Nitrocellulose + nitroglycerin

Preservatives for : 1. Transport of urine sample to lab 2. CSF 3. Viscera 4. Blood grouping.

1. Thymol 2. Sodium fluoride 3. 10% formalin 4. 25% formalin + sodium citrate

Most reliable test for identification of blood stains Test for identification of old blood stains

Spectroscopy Hemo-chromogen test/ takayama test

Test to differentiate human and animal blood Test to detect spermine in seminal stains Test to detect choline in seminal stains

Precipitin test Barberio test Florence test

Hydrostatic test is done in cases of …. Hydrostatic test holds no significance when fetus is….

Infanticide Mummified/ macerated

Ponderals index is used for Ischiopubic index is used for determination of … Identification by matching photos with skull

IUGR Gender Superimposition technique

Sweating is not seen in which type of heat injury Gender can be determined by examining hair root cells for the presence of …..

Heat stroke Barr bodies

Corpus delicti is …. McEwans sign is seen in ….. Offense in which police can arrest a person without a warrant is ….

Essence of crime Alcohol intoxication Cognizable offense

Who is a hostile witness?

Person with some motive or interest for concealing part of truth and fact or giving false evidence

Postmortem caloricity is defined as… Seen in conditions (4)

Increase in temperature for 1-2 hours after death Seen in: Sunstroke Septicemia Tetanus Strychnine poisoning

Hydrostatic floatation test is done for Mummification is due to ….

Live birth Dessication

Acrodynia is associated with …..poisoning

Mercury

IPC 498A is for ….

Cruel behaviour of husband, family members or relatives towards a woman

Mc cause of death in drowning is ….. Teeth bite marks are which type of abrasion In which poisoning does CSF need to be preserved?

Cardiac arrest Pressure Alcohol

Colour of bruises on 2-4th day Poisoning gastric lavage is C/I (3)

Dark blue/ bluish black to brown 1. Kerosene 2. Volatile 3. Corrosive - sulphuric acid

Antidote for phosphorus poisoning Transplantation of human organ act was passed in which year

Copper sulphate 1994

Aconite is a …….poison Severe beating on soles is ……

Cardiac Falanga

Cause of death in cafe coronary Substance detected in Gettlers test

Asphyxia/ reflex cardiac arrest Nacl

Location of knot in typical hanging Formication is seen with which poison

Angle of mandible Cocaine

Inquest in death is carried out by …. Pearson formula is used for estimating …

Police - in India Height

Gustafson’s method for dental age estimation detects Preauricular sulcus in female is present in which bone

Transparency of root Pelvic/hip bone

Bruise is greenish colour in …..days Ponds fracture is sen on which bone

6th day Skull

What is gutter fracture ?

Tangential bullet injury

Contre coup injury means

Injury opposite to the actual site of impact of the head.

Richochet bullet is defined as ….

Bullet before striking; aims at some intervening object first, rebounds and then hits the object.

Privation of any member of a joint comes is which type of injury Cause of death in electrocution

Grievous injury Ventricular fibrillation

Algor mortis is observed in …..(2) Organ to putrify last in the body is …..

1. Frostbite 2. Barbiturate poisoning Bone

Aseptic autolysis is known as….. Most characteristic external sign of death due to drowning

Maceration Fine,copious,frothy discharge coming from mouth and nostrils

Dermal nitrate detects …. Florence test for seminal stain detects which substance

Gunpowder residues Choline iodide

Knock out drops is another term for …. Metal fume fever is associated with poisoning of …..

Chloral hydrate Zinc

Poison which inhibits cytochrome oxidase Bevelling of the skull is seen in the….

Cyanide Exit point of gunshot on skull

Honeycombing of liver seen in …. Sodium fluoride is used as a preservative in poisoning with …..

Putrefaction Alcohol

Yellow fatty liver is seen in poisoning with …… Anterior horn cells are affected in which poisoning

Phosphorus Strychinine poisoning

Hippus is associated with which poison A dead body is having cadaveric lividity of bluish green colour. The most likely cause of death is by poisoning due to ….

Aconite Hydrogen sulphite

Abrasion on the inner side of mouth is noticed in death due to ….. Smothering and traumatic asphyxia is known as …..

Smothering Burking

A doctor in the witness box is ….. FFg and FFFg are used to describe

Both commmon and expert witness Black gunpowder

No.of hrs since death is calculated by No of deciduous teeth

Fall in rectal temp x 1.5 20

In autopsy, preservative used for vitreous Stellate star wound is produced with firearm in ….

Sodium fluoride Contact shot

Scab/ crust of a wound appears in ….days 509IPC deals with …..

2-3 days Act intended to insult the modesty of a woman

20 yr old young female comes to male Gyne for pelvic exam. The consent for exam is …. Repeated ad in the newspaper by a medical practitioner is an eg of …..

Implied consent Infamous conduct

Hooch’s tragedy is due to …. Nail polish remover consumption by a child may manifest as ….. Seminal stains show fluorescence under filtered UV light due to …..

Methyl alcohol Acetone poisoning Choline iodide

Person is held responsible for a crime in ….. Heart rate in organophosphate poisoning Neurological feature of chronic lead poisoning (2)

Voluntary drunkenness Increase or decrease Encephalopathy, wrist drop

Action of oximes in organophosphate poisoning Gastric lavage can be done in poisoning by ..(4)

Reactivate inhibited cholinesterase Carbolic acid, Oxalic acid Caustic potash Soda

Antidote of arsenic poisoning Antidote for copper poisoning

Freshly prepared hydrated ferric oxide Potassium ferrocyanide

A contusion can be differentiated from postmortem staining by ….. Fish tailing of margins in a stab wound suggest

Incision test Single edged knife

In case of shot by bullet, presence of singeing (of hair) and charring (of skin) indicate a distance up to …. Conventional laws of courtesy observed between members of medical profession

1 meter Medical etiquette

IPC that deals with rash and negligent driving Underwater autopsy is done in which condition

IPC 304A Air embolism

Location of post mortem staining Minimum time for adipocere formation in body is ….

Seen only in independent parts 21 days

In India , rigor mortis sets in …. Rape is intercourse with a girl even with her consent (other than wife) if she is less than …..

1-2 hrs 16 yrs of age

Barberios test is done for Detects ……

Seminal stains Spermin

Which part of hymen ruptures first in sexual act Oral coitus is also known as ….

Posterolateral Sin of Gomorrah

Which poisoning result in post-mortem blue discolouration?

Aniline poisoning (Bluish green- hydrogen sulphide)

Antidote for methy alcohol poisoning Upper age limit for prisoning in a juvenile home

Fomepizole 18 years

Drug helpful in managing pinpoint pupils, a garlic smell. In what developmental milestone, incisior erupts earliest?

Atropine ( case of organophosphate poisoning) Lower central incisor

What is the similarity between strangulation and hanging from low level? Which IPC is related to infanticide?

Ligature mark would be transverse. 302IPC

Use of dangerous weapon is which IPC? IPC for abandoning a child Section 312-315 deals with….

324 IPC 317 IPC Criminal abortion

Closure of spheno-occipital suture occurs at age of ….. What is dying deposition?

18 years Statement recorded by magistrate in front of the accused or hai lawyer

Overriding of skull bones inutero death of child is known as…. Earliest organ to putrify

Spalding sign Brain

Odour of mummification Which poisoning causes bluish discolouration of stomach mucosa ?

None Sodium Amytal, copper

Locards method is used to identify which body part ? Theory related to locard’s principle?

Fingerprints Theory of exchange

Posthumous child is one who is born after Exhibitionism is prosecuted under IPC

Death of the father 294 IPC

Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapon comes under IPC

326 IPC

In examining pelvis, a well defined iliopectinal line indicates that pelvis is of …… Punishment for perjury is under ……IPC

Male 193 IPC

In rape of small child,hymen don’t rupture because…. Magnan’s symptoms seen in ….

It is deep seated Abuse of cocaine

Poison commonly detected in exhumed bodies is ……. Most widely used substance causing dependence is ….

Arsenic Cannabis