operant conditioning Flashcards
what is positive reinforcement?
something desired (a reward) is given in response to a behaviour which encourages repetition of desired behaviour
what is negative reinforcement?
sonething undesired is taken away in response to a behaviour which encourages repetition of desired behaviour
what is positive punishment?
something undesired is given as a result of an unwanted behaviour to dicourage the behaviour from reoccuring
what is negative punishment?
something something pleasant is removed as a result of an unwanted behaviour to discourage the behaviour from reoccuring
2 examples of positive reinforcement:
-pocket money for cleaning your room
-a favourite food for good grades on a test
2 examples of negative reinforcement:
-avoiding spiders if you have arachnophobia to avoid the feeling of fear
-car beeping stops when you put on your seatbelt
2 examples of positive punishment:
-speeding resulting in a speeding ticket
-talking in class resulting in a detention
2 examples of negative punishment:
-taking away a misbehaving child’s favourite game
-banning a loud person from a cinema
primary reinforcement:
reward that meets basic needs
secondary reinforcement:
rewards that do not meet basic needs but are satisfying
are meals a primary or secondary reinforcement?
primary
is pocket money a primary or secondary reinforcement?
secondary
fixed ratio:
a reinforcement is given when a specific amount of desired behaviours are met
variabe ratio:
a reinforcer is given when an unpredicatable number of desired behaviours are met
supporting study:
-skinner’s box: rat placed in box quickly learnt to press a lever for a reward food pellet showing reward leads to learning.
