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Fosforilados > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the posttreatment surveillance for ovarian cancer?

A

Periodic history and physical exam

MKSAP 20

Regular monitoring is essential to detect recurrence early.

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2
Q

What are the treatments for symptomatic hypercalcemia of malignancy?

A

IV normal saline, calcitonin, bisphosphate (e.g., zoledronic acid) or denosumab

MKSAP 20

These treatments help lower calcium levels in the blood.

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3
Q

Which cancer is associated with chest wall radiation?

A

Breast cancer

MKSAP 20

Radiation therapy to the chest wall can lead to secondary malignancies.

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4
Q

What is the role of PET in colorectal cancer management?

A

None

MKSAP 20

PET scans are not used for routine management of colorectal cancer.

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5
Q

What are the indications for breast conservation therapy in invasive breast cancer?

A

Cancers 5 cm or smaller, without skin involvement, and with clear margins after excision

MKSAP 20

These criteria help determine eligibility for conserving breast tissue.

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6
Q

What does a positive p16 stain indicate in oropharynx cancer?

A

HPV positive

MKSAP 20

This indicates an association with human papillomavirus.

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7
Q

What is the management for advanced-stage large B-cell lymphomas?

A

Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP)

MKSAP 20

This chemotherapy regimen is standard for treating this type of lymphoma.

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8
Q

What is the prevention method for BRCA-variant ovarian cancer?

A

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

MKSAP 20

This surgical procedure significantly reduces the risk of ovarian cancer.

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9
Q

What is the second most common cause of death in patients with malignancy?

A

Venous thromboembolism

MKSAP 20

Cancer patients are at a higher risk for blood clots.

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10
Q

What reduces fracture risk in men with castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer?

A

Bisphosphonates or denosumab

MKSAP 20

These medications help maintain bone density.

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11
Q

What is the likely primary of isolated axillary lymph-node adenocarcinoma in a woman?

A

Stage II breast cancer

MKSAP 20

Breast cancer often presents with axillary lymph node involvement.

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12
Q

What are the toxicities associated with trastuzumab?

A

Infusion reactions and reversible cardiomyopathy

MKSAP 20

Monitoring is necessary due to cardiac risks.

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13
Q

What is the initial management for nonfunctional metastatic neuroendocrine tumors?

A

Observation and serial imaging

MKSAP 20

This approach is used when tumors are asymptomatic.

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14
Q

What testing is required for all patients with metastatic NSCLC to guide therapy?

A

PD-L1 expression

MKSAP 20

This test helps determine the suitability for immunotherapy.

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15
Q

What is the treatment for metastatic NSCLC in the absence of driver mutations?

A

Platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy

MKSAP 20

This combination is standard treatment for such cases.

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16
Q

What is the treatment for high-risk prostate cancer?

A

Combined radiation and GnRH therapy

MKSAP 20

This approach enhances treatment effectiveness.

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17
Q

What is the initial therapy for locally advanced premenopausal breast cancer?

A

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

This therapy is administered before surgery to shrink tumors.

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18
Q

What is the treatment for nonresectable early-stage lung cancer?

A

Radiation therapy

MKSAP 20

This is used when surgery is not an option.

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19
Q

What is the management of lymphedema after axillary dissection?

A

Physical therapy

MKSAP 20

This treatment helps manage swelling and improve function.

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20
Q

What tumor markers are used to assess poorly differentiated CUP with mediastinal adenopathy?

A

α-fetoprotein and β-HCG

MKSAP 20

These markers can indicate specific types of cancer.

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21
Q

True or False: Current immunotherapies are effective for mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers.

A

False

MKSAP 20

These cancers do not respond well to current immunotherapy options.

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22
Q

What breast cancer hormone therapy is associated with musculoskeletal syndrome?

A

Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole, anastrozole)

MKSAP 20

These medications can cause joint pain and stiffness.

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23
Q

What is the cervical cancer screening recommendation after hysterectomy for benign disease?

A

None

MKSAP 20

Women who have had a hysterectomy for non-cancerous reasons do not need screening.

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24
Q

What therapy is recommended following the resection of high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors?

A

Imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

MKSAP 20

This medication targets specific cancer cell signaling pathways.

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25
Q

What antibody potentiates metastatic colon cancer chemotherapy?

A

Bevacizumab

MKSAP 20

This drug enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting angiogenesis.

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26
Q

Role of myeloid growth factors in treatment of neutropenia without fever

A

Not indicated

MKSAP 20

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27
Q

USPSTF-recommended strategy for choosing colorectal cancer screening test

A

Use test most likely to be completed

MKSAP 20

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28
Q

Erythroderma, circulating malignant T cells

A

Sézary syndrome

MKSAP 20

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29
Q

Stage II-III non–small cell lung cancer treatment

A

Surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

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30
Q

Treatment of metastatic NSCLC positive for PD-L1

A

Pembrolizumab

MKSAP 20

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31
Q

Stage II or III rectal cancer adjuvant treatment options

A

Radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

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32
Q

USPSTF indication for prostate cancer screening in men aged 55-69 years

A

Patient preference after shared decision-making discussion

MKSAP 20

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33
Q

Low-risk stage I colorectal cancer adjuvant treatment

A

None

MKSAP 20

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34
Q

Procedure to determine esophageal cancer depth and involved lymph nodes

A

Endoscopic ultrasonography

MKSAP 20

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35
Q

Prognosis of right-sided versus left-sided colorectal cancers

A

Worse prognosis

MKSAP 20

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36
Q

Genetic variant indication for annual mammography and breast MRI

A

BRCA variant

MKSAP 20

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37
Q

Localized melanoma prognostic determinant

A

Depth of tumor invasion

MKSAP 20

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38
Q

Resected pancreatic cancer adjuvant treatment

A

Chemotherapy (gemcitabine, capecitabine)

MKSAP 20

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39
Q

Fertility-preserving treatment in stage IA cervical cancer

A

Conization

MKSAP 20

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40
Q

Prevent flare reactions when starting GnRH agonist for metastatic prostate cancer

A

Antiandrogen therapy

MKSAP 20

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41
Q

Stage I rectal cancer treatment

A

Surgical resection

MKSAP 20

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42
Q

Painful bone metastases treatment

A

Radiation therapy

MKSAP 20

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43
Q

Management of asymptomatic advanced-stage follicular lymphoma without bulky disease

A

Observation

MKSAP 20

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44
Q

Infection associated with Burkitt lymphoma

A

Epstein-Barr virus

MKSAP 20

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45
Q

Complication of cranial irradiation in older patients with SCLC

A

Cognitive impairment

MKSAP 20

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46
Q

Assessment of pulmonary reserve in potential surgical candidates with lung cancer

A

FEV1 and Dlco

MKSAP 20

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47
Q

Liver metastases, diarrhea, facial flushing

A

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (formerly called carcinoid tumors)

MKSAP 20

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48
Q

Role of renal biopsy if CT findings are pathognomonic for renal cell cancer

A

Not indicated

MKSAP 20

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49
Q

Lung cancer associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

A

Small cell lung cancer

MKSAP 20

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50
Q

Initial treatment of symptomatic brain metastases

A

Glucocorticoids

MKSAP 20

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51
Q

Diagnostic procedure for suspected lymphoma

A

Lymph node excisional or core biopsy

MKSAP 20

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52
Q

Gene expression arrays for the diagnosis of CUP

A

Not indicated

MKSAP 20

53
Q

Genetic testing for women with epithelial ovarian cancer

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

MKSAP 20

54
Q

Treatment of CUP with poor performance status and multiple comorbidities

A

Hospice care

MKSAP 20

55
Q

Major chemotherapeutic agent for most metastatic colorectal cancers

A

5-FU

MKSAP 20

56
Q

Anal cancer–associated virus

A

HPV

MKSAP 20

57
Q

Mammogram features of ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Calcifications

MKSAP 20

58
Q

Breast cancer screening for average-risk women with increased breast density

A

Mammography

MKSAP 20

59
Q

Antiestrogen therapy not effective in premenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole, anastrozole)

MKSAP 20

60
Q

Effective cervical cancer prevention

A

HPV vaccination

MKSAP 20

61
Q

Treatment of stage III ovarian cancer after surgical debulking

A

IV and intraperitoneal chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

62
Q

Most common gynecologic cancer worldwide

A

Endometrial cancer, occurring mostly in postmenopausal women

MKSAP 20

63
Q

Treatment of H pylori-associated gastric MALT

A

PPI plus antibiotics

MKSAP 20

64
Q

Bone complication of androgen deprivation therapy

A

Osteoporosis

MKSAP 20

65
Q

Management of double-hit lymphoma

A

Aggressive chemotherapy regimens other than R-CHOP

MKSAP 20

66
Q

Treatment of hairy cell leukemia

A

Chemotherapy with cladribine or pentostatin

MKSAP 20

67
Q

Lymphoma, Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

MKSAP 20

68
Q

Nontreatment option for low-risk prostate cancer

A

Active surveillance

MKSAP 20

69
Q

Role of routine surveillance blood tests and imaging studies after breast cancer treatment

A

None

MKSAP 20

70
Q

Cervical cancer posttreatment surveillance

A

Periodic history and physical exam

MKSAP 20

71
Q

Likely primary of CUP presenting as isolated cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Head and neck cancer

MKSAP 20

72
Q

Metastatic NSCLC cancer treatment after response to first-line chemotherapy

A

Maintenance chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

73
Q

Adjuvant treatment of premenopausal, hormone receptor-positive, low-risk breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

MKSAP 20

74
Q

Age to stop cervical cancer screening in non–high-risk women

A

Age 65 years if past screening is adequate

MKSAP 20

75
Q

Infection associated with gastric MALT lymphoma

A

Helicobacter pylori

MKSAP 20

76
Q

Surgical approach to diagnose testicular cancer

A

Radical inguinal orchiectomy; avoid needle biopsy

MKSAP 20

77
Q

Young patient from Africa with large jaw mass

A

Burkitt lymphoma

MKSAP 20

78
Q

Elevated lymphocyte count, smudge cells, lymphadenopathy

A

CLL

MKSAP 20

79
Q

Syndrome of dyspnea, facial swelling, and mediastinal mass

A

Superior vena cava syndrome

MKSAP 20

80
Q

Treatment of limited SCLC

A

Concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy

MKSAP 20

81
Q

Prerequisite to chemotherapy in reproductive-age men and women

A

Fertility preservation counseling

MKSAP 20

82
Q

Infectious agent with increased risk for oropharynx cancers

A

HPV

MKSAP 20

83
Q

Treatment of rapidly recurring malignant pleural effusion

A

Indwelling pleural catheter or pleurodesis

MKSAP 20

84
Q

Role of routine PET scans in pancreatic cancer management

A

None

MKSAP 20

85
Q

Treatment of locally invasive advanced anal cancer

A

Radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

86
Q

Chemotherapeutic agent most commonly associated with acute kidney injury

A

Cisplatin

MKSAP 20

87
Q

Genetic testing for metastatic prostate cancer

A

BRCA gene variant

MKSAP 20

88
Q

Molecular analysis for all metastatic colorectal cancer

A

KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, mismatch repair genes; HER2 amplification status

MKSAP 20

89
Q

Role of HPV vaccination in anal cancer treatment or posttreatment

A

None

MKSAP 20

90
Q

Breast cancer mimic of infectious mastitis

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

MKSAP 20

91
Q

Most common site of testicular cancer metastases

A

Retroperitoneal lymph nodes

MKSAP 20

92
Q

Diagnostic management of presumed breast cancer metastases

A

Biopsy; assess hormone receptor, HER2, and biomarker status

MKSAP 20

93
Q

Fertility preservation in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Oocyte or embryo banking before chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

94
Q

Staging of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Physical exam, PET/CT

MKSAP 20

95
Q

Erythrocytosis, markedly elevated erythropoietin, hematuria

A

Renal cell cancer

MKSAP 20

96
Q

Treatment of breast cancer with bone metastases

A

Chemotherapy and bisphosphonates

MKSAP 20

97
Q

Day 1 treatment complication of Burkitt lymphoma

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

MKSAP 20

98
Q

Secondary prevention of chemotherapy-related febrile neutropenia

A

G-CSF

MKSAP 20

99
Q

Treatment of breast cancer with HER2 overexpression

A

Trastuzumab

MKSAP 20

100
Q

Checkpoint inhibitor toxicity

A

Autoimmune diseases

MKSAP 20

101
Q

Biopsy procedure for suspected head and neck cancer

A

Fine-needle aspiration

MKSAP 20

102
Q

Primary treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer

A

Cystectomy

MKSAP 20

103
Q

Preferred term for progression-free survival

A

Progression-free interval

MKSAP 20

104
Q

Management of asymptomatic early-stage prostate cancer with multiple comorbidities

A

Observation

MKSAP 20

105
Q

Hormonal testing for upper gastrointestinal tumors

A

HER2

MKSAP 20

106
Q

Management of nocturnal hot flushes after breast cancer therapy

A

Gabapentin

MKSAP 20

107
Q

Test to establish the diagnosis of CLL

A

Peripheral blood flow cytometry

MKSAP 20

108
Q

American Cancer Society preferred cervical screening strategy

A

High-risk HPV screening every 5 years starting at age 25 years

MKSAP 20

109
Q

Terminology for follicular lymphoma with new systemic symptoms and rapid progression of localized disease

A

Transformed follicular lymphoma

MKSAP 20

110
Q

Surgical breast cancer staging with clinically negative axillary nodes

A

Sentinel node biopsy

MKSAP 20

111
Q

Stage III colorectal cancer adjuvant treatment

A

Chemotherapy (e.g., FOLFOX)

MKSAP 20

112
Q

Chemotherapeutic agents causing hand-foot syndrome

A

5-FU and capecitabine (fluoropyrimidines)

MKSAP 20

113
Q

Likely primary of poorly differentiated carcinoma presenting as midline lymphadenopathy

A

Germ cell cancer

MKSAP 20

114
Q

Common CLL-related autoimmune diseases

A

Hemolytic anemia and ITP

MKSAP 20

115
Q

Age range of average-risk women with clear benefit from screening mammography

A

Age 50-74 years

MKSAP 20

116
Q

USPSTF cervical cancer screening strategy for women aged 21-29 years

A

Cytology every 3 years

MKSAP 20

117
Q

Risks of erythropoietin in treating cancer-related anemia

A

Cancer progression, VTE

MKSAP 20

118
Q

Treatment of premenopausal hormone receptor–positive, high-risk early breast cancer

A

Ovarian suppression (leuprolide) plus antiestrogen therapy (exemestane)

MKSAP 20

119
Q

Standard antiemetic regimen for moderate-to-severe emetogenic chemotherapy

A

High-dose glucocorticoids and either ondansetron or palonosetron

MKSAP 20

120
Q

B-cell disorder, cytopenia, splenomegaly, characteristic lymphocyte morphology

A

Hairy cell leukemia

MKSAP 20

121
Q

Role of surgery for anal cancer

A

Local recurrence or incomplete response to radiation therapy and chemotherapy

MKSAP 20

122
Q

Most common ovarian cancer susceptibility genes

A

BRCA and mismatch repair genes

MKSAP 20

123
Q

Panitumumab and cetuximab common skin adverse effect

A

Acneiform rash (painful, pruritic, and socially debilitating)

MKSAP 20

124
Q

Treatment of widely metastatic melanoma

A

Checkpoint immunotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab)

MKSAP 20

125
Q

Genetic marker in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

A

Overexpression of KIT gene

MKSAP 20

126
Q

Criteria for genetic testing in women with ovarian cancer

A

Offer to all women with ovarian cancer

MKSAP 20

Genetic testing can help identify hereditary cancer syndromes.

127
Q

Recommended frequency of screening colonoscopy in average-risk adults

A

Every 10 years

MKSAP 20

This recommendation is for adults starting at age 45.

128
Q

Prophylaxis for patients at high risk for tumor lysis syndrome

A

Rasburicase, IV hydration

MKSAP 20

This helps manage and prevent complications associated with rapid cell lysis.

129
Q

Treatment of oligometastatic colorectal cancer

A

Surgical resection

MKSAP 20

This approach aims to remove isolated metastatic lesions.

Fosforilados (16 decks)

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