Infectious Disease Flashcards
Conditions warranting empiric antibiotics in vertebral osteomyelitis
Severe sepsis, progressive neurologic deficit, spinal instability, epidural abscess
MKSAP 20
These conditions indicate a potentially serious infection requiring immediate antibiotic treatment.
Most common cause of recurrent viral meningitis
HSV-2
MKSAP 20
Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 is frequently associated with recurrent episodes of viral meningitis.
Intra-erythrocyte ring or tetrad inclusions
Babesia infection
MKSAP 20
Babesia is a protozoan parasite that infects red blood cells and can cause malaria-like symptoms.
Treatment for spinal epidural abscess with neurologic symptoms
Drainage and antibiotics
MKSAP 20
Immediate intervention is crucial to prevent permanent neurological damage.
Antibiotic treatment of early localized Lyme disease
Doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime axetil
MKSAP 20
These antibiotics are effective for early-stage Lyme disease treatment.
Testing beyond urinalysis for women with uncomplicated UTI
None
MKSAP 20
Urinalysis is typically sufficient for diagnosing uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Preferred test to assess for TB infection in patients with previous BCG vaccination
IGRA
MKSAP 20
Interferon-gamma release assays are more reliable in BCG-vaccinated individuals.
GI infection that can mimic appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
MKSAP 20
This bacterium can cause abdominal pain and symptoms similar to appendicitis.
Treatment of esophageal candidiasis
Oral fluconazole
MKSAP 20
Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat candidiasis in the esophagus.
Initial treatment of M. tuberculosis infection
INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
MKSAP 20
This combination therapy is the standard initial treatment regimen for tuberculosis.
Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Management of the underlying immunocompromised state
MKSAP 20
Addressing the immunocompromised condition is critical for managing this viral infection.
Recommended therapy for MSSA endocarditis
Nafcillin, oxacillin, or cefazolin
MKSAP 20
These antibiotics are effective against Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).
Management of prosthetic joint infection
Two-stage procedure with device removal and antibiotic course followed by new device implantation
MKSAP 20
This approach helps ensure complete eradication of infection.
Treatment for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
Penicillin and clindamycin
MKSAP 20
This combination targets the bacteria and reduces toxin production.
Treatment for MSSA bacteremia
Penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillin or first-generation cephalosporin
MKSAP 20
These antibiotics are chosen for their efficacy against MSSA.
Treatment for outpatient CAP in otherwise healthy patients
Amoxicillin, doxycycline, or a macrolide (if regional pneumococcal resistance <25%)
MKSAP 20
These antibiotics are recommended for community-acquired pneumonia in healthy individuals.
Characteristics of varicella rash
Centripetal distribution of macules, papules, vesicles at various stages of development
MKSAP 20
The varicella (chickenpox) rash has a distinctive progression and distribution.
Therapeutic drug class for invasive candidiasis without CNS or eye involvement
Echinocandins
MKSAP 20
This class of antifungals is preferred for treating serious candidiasis infections.
Best imaging test for evaluation of possible vertebral osteomyelitis
MRI with and without contrast
MKSAP 20
MRI is the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting vertebral infections.
Management for uncomplicated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus CLABSI
Remove catheter and repeat blood cultures
MKSAP 20
This approach is essential for diagnosing and treating central line-associated bloodstream infections.
Meningitis, cranial neuropathies, mental status changes, SIADH
TB meningitis
MKSAP 20
These symptoms are indicative of tuberculosis infection affecting the central nervous system.
Treatment of anaplasmosis
Doxycycline
MKSAP 20
Doxycycline is the first-line treatment for infections caused by Anaplasma species.
Prophylaxis for CMV infection
Valganciclovir
MKSAP 20
This antiviral medication is used for preventing cytomegalovirus infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease
Meningitis, facial palsy, radiculopathy
MKSAP 20
Lyme disease can lead to various neurological complications if untreated.