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Fosforilados > Common Symptoms > Flashcards

Common Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

Initial tests in patients with back pain if malignancy is suspected

A

Plain radiography and ESR measurement

MKSAP 20

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2
Q

Treatment of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness

A

Vestibular and balance rehabilitation, SSRI/SNRI therapy

MKSAP 20

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3
Q

Physical examination maneuver to evaluate for cervical radiculopathy

A

The Spurling test

MKSAP 20

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4
Q

Suspected causes of neck pain for which MRI is indicated

A

Cancer, infection, myelopathy, or progressive neurologic symptoms

MKSAP 20

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5
Q

Medication class most associated with acute cough

A

ACE inhibitors

MKSAP 20

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6
Q

Common causes of hindgut pain with symptoms usually located in the lower quadrants or suprapubic area

A

Diverticulitis, IBD/colitis, urinary tract obstruction, severe constipation

MKSAP 20

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7
Q

Diagnosis for pain at base of thumb elicited with Finkelstein test

A

De Quervain tendinopathy

MKSAP 20

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8
Q

First-line drug treatment of chronic neuropathic pain

A

Gabapentinoids and duloxetine

MKSAP 20

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9
Q

Worsening pain with opioid dosage escalation

A

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia

MKSAP 20

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10
Q

Initial therapy for musculoskeletal or inflammatory nociceptive pain

A

NSAIDs, acetaminophen

MKSAP 20

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11
Q

Common causes of drug-induced edema

A

Vasodilators, NSAIDs, gabapentinoids, hormones, antiestrogens, thiazolidinediones, CCBs

MKSAP 20

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12
Q

Back pain “red flags” on exam

A

Fever, abnormal neurologic findings

MKSAP 20

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13
Q

Required diagnostic test for prepatellar bursitis

A

Fluid aspiration and analysis

MKSAP 20

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14
Q

Management goals in patients with medically unexplained symptoms

A

Maintaining an effective relationship with the patient, restoration of function, decreased focus on symptoms, acquisition of coping mechanisms

MKSAP 20

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15
Q

Diagnosis for poorly localized pain on the superior shoulder and lateral clavicle, pain on crossed-arm shoulder adduction, pain on shoulder abduction beyond 120 degrees

A

Acromioclavicular joint degeneration

MKSAP 20

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16
Q

Diagnosis for neck pain with decreased range of motion, normal neurologic findings

A

Cervical strain

MKSAP 20

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17
Q

Best drug choices for short-term relief of refractory insomnia

A

Zolpidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon

MKSAP 20

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18
Q

Nonpharmacologic treatments for musculoskeletal neck pain

A

Multimodal approach (range-of-motion exercise, physical therapy, ice/heat applications, analgesics)

MKSAP 20

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19
Q

Rotator cuff disease surgical indication

A

Acute full-thickness tear

MKSAP 20

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20
Q

Role of brain imaging to confirm BPPV

A

Not indicated

MKSAP 20

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21
Q

Imaging test for suspected cauda equina syndrome

A

MRI

MKSAP 20

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22
Q

Adhesive capsulitis treatment

A

Intra-articular glucocorticoids, physical therapy

MKSAP 20

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23
Q

Diagnosis for severe subacute cough paroxysms and posttussive emesis

A

Bordetella pertussis infection

MKSAP 20

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24
Q

Essential physical exam component in syncope evaluation

A

Orthostatic BP measurement, along with thorough cardiac and neurologic exams

MKSAP 20

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25
Q

Treatment of medically unresponsive, unexplained chronic cough

A

Multimodal speech therapy, antitussives, gabapentin

MKSAP 20

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26
Q

Diagnosis of pain between metatarsal heads and sensation of walking on a pebble

A

Morton neuroma

MKSAP 20

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27
Q

Constipation prophylaxis for patients taking scheduled opioids

A

Senna or bisacodyl

MKSAP 20

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28
Q

Imaging test for suspected cervical myelopathy

A

MRI

MKSAP 20

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29
Q

Therapy for all patients with chronic noncancer pain

A

Physical therapy

MKSAP 20

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30
Q

Clinical features requiring chest radiography for pneumonia in patient with cough

A

Abnormal vital signs or lung exam; altered mental status

MKSAP 20

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31
Q

Features that favor seizure in patient with syncope

A

Abnormal posturing, involuntary head turning, tongue laceration, auras, incontinence, prolonged post-episode confusion

MKSAP 20

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32
Q

Most common causes of chronic cough

A

Smoking, ACE inhibitor use, UACS, GERD, asthma

MKSAP 20

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33
Q

Findings that rule out need for ankle imaging

A

Ability to walk 4 steps; no tenderness at posterior malleolus, navicular bone, 5th metatarsal

MKSAP 20

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34
Q

Initial medication for chronic low back pain unresponsive to nondrug treatment

A

NSAIDs

MKSAP 20

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35
Q

When to offer opioid overdose prevention education and naloxone kits

A

Opioid dosage ≥50 MME/d, concurrent benzodiazepines, substance use disorder

MKSAP 20

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36
Q

Diagnosis for posterior elbow swelling with normal range of motion

A

Olecranon bursitis

MKSAP 20

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37
Q

Recommended imaging for acute nonspecific low back pain

A

None

MKSAP 20

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38
Q

Diagnosis in a patient with positive painful arc and drop arm tests and weakness in shoulder external rotation

A

Rotator cuff tear

MKSAP 20

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39
Q

Role of brain imaging and carotid ultrasonography in routine syncope evaluation

A

None

MKSAP 20

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40
Q

Nonpharmacologic therapies for acute low back pain

A

Physical therapy, local heat, massage, acupuncture, spinal manipulation

MKSAP 20

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41
Q

Treatment of acute opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

MKSAP 20

42
Q

Diagnostic imaging necessary to confirm lateral or medial epicondylitis when clinical history and physical exam are consistent

A

None

MKSAP 20

43
Q

Most common cause of lower extremity ulcers

A

Venous stasis

MKSAP 20

44
Q

Initial therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Activity modification and wrist splinting

MKSAP 20

45
Q

Most important components in the diagnostic evaluation of dyspnea

A

Detailed history and physical exam

MKSAP 20

46
Q

Person who makes the final decision regarding aircraft diversion during an in-flight medical emergency

A

Captain

MKSAP 20

47
Q

Drug cause of spontaneous Achilles tendon rupture

A

Fluoroquinolone use

MKSAP 20

48
Q

Best initial test in a patient with high pretest probability of PE

A

CT angiography

MKSAP 20

49
Q

Clue from history suggesting cardiac syncope because of an arrhythmia

A

Sudden onset without prodrome

MKSAP 20

50
Q

Diagnosis of recurrent vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

MKSAP 20

51
Q

Effects of long-term opioids for chronic noncancer pain

A

Worsened functional status, quality of life, and pain

MKSAP 20

52
Q

Diagnosis in a patient with chronic shoulder pain, loss of passive and active shoulder movement

A

Adhesive capsulitis

MKSAP 20

53
Q

Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis–related cough

A

Intranasal glucocorticoid; combination intranasal glucocorticoid and intranasal antihistamine for more significant or refractory symptoms

MKSAP 20

54
Q

Medial-inferior heel pain after prolonged rest (e.g., first morning steps), improved with walking

A

Plantar fasciitis

MKSAP 20

55
Q

Common causes of foregut pain with symptoms usually presenting in the upper abdominal area

A

Gastritis, PUD, pancreatitis, complications of cholelithiasis

MKSAP 20

56
Q

Diagnosis for tenderness over the lateral epicondyle that increases with resisted wrist extension

A

Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

MKSAP 20

57
Q

Physical exam assessment to perform on all patients with suspected central vertigo and early stroke

A

HINTS assessment

MKSAP 20

58
Q

Initial drug therapy for acute low back pain

A

NSAIDs

MKSAP 20

59
Q

Diagnosis of shoulder pain near deltoid insertion, worse with repetitive overhead activities

A

Rotator cuff disease

MKSAP 20

60
Q

Indications for polysomnography in insomnia

A

Presentation suggesting sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or sleep movement disorder

MKSAP 20

61
Q

Diagnosis for anterior hip pain associated with glucocorticoid use, SLE, sickle cell anemia, or alcohol use disorder

A

Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)

MKSAP 20

62
Q

Therapy for BPPV

A

Epley maneuver

MKSAP 20

63
Q

Initial drug therapy for allergic rhinitis–associated UACS

A

Intranasal glucocorticoids

MKSAP 20

64
Q

Risk mitigation strategies for opioid use in chronic noncancer pain

A

Urine drug testing, surveillance of state prescription drug monitoring programs

MKSAP 20

65
Q

Drugs used as adjuvant to NSAIDs for chronic low back pain

A

Nonbenzodiazepine muscle relaxants, duloxetine

MKSAP 20

66
Q

Diagnostic test for all patients with syncope

A

ECG

MKSAP 20

67
Q

Initial steps in evaluating medically unexplained symptoms

A

Thorough history and physical exam; review of previous diagnostic evaluations

MKSAP 20

68
Q

Nondrug interventions for dyspnea in chronic lung disease

A

Pulmonary rehabilitation, pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing, fans

MKSAP 20

69
Q

Common causes of midgut pain with symptoms usually presenting in the periumbilical area

A

Small bowel obstruction, early appendicitis, mesenteric ischemia, gastroenteritis

MKSAP 20

70
Q

Initial management of acute and chronic meniscal tears

A

Rest, ice, strengthening of quadriceps and hamstring muscles

MKSAP 20

71
Q

Recurrent brief vertigo worsened by positional changes

A

BPPV

MKSAP 20

72
Q

Diagnosis for nonspecific dizziness despite adequate evaluation

A

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness

MKSAP 20

73
Q

Most common cause of acute bronchitis

A

Viral respiratory pathogens

MKSAP 20

74
Q

Diagnosis for anterior knee pain after prolonged sitting, running, climbing

A

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

MKSAP 20

75
Q

Cause of arm paresthesia/pain worsened with activity and arm elevation

A

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

MKSAP 20

76
Q

Indications for imaging in acute back pain

A

Severe/progressive neurologic deficits; suspected infection, malignancy

MKSAP 20

Imaging is recommended when there are serious underlying conditions suspected.

77
Q

Diagnosis for fatigue ≥6 months with reduction in activities, postexertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and orthostatic intolerance or cognitive impairment

A

Systemic exertion intolerance disease

MKSAP 20

This condition is often characterized by significant fatigue and cognitive difficulties.

78
Q

Most common cause of syncope preceded by nausea and diaphoresis in healthy persons

A

Neurally mediated (vasovagal) syncope

MKSAP 20

This type of syncope is often triggered by stress or pain.

79
Q

Symptoms that cannot be attributed to a specific medical cause

A

Medically unexplained symptoms

MKSAP 20

These symptoms often lead to frustration for both patients and healthcare providers.

80
Q

Diagnosis for pain over the medial elbow and ventral forearm that worsens with resisted wrist flexion

A

Medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)

MKSAP 20

This condition is commonly seen in athletes and repetitive motion workers.

81
Q

Diagnosis for twisting injury, popping sound, rapid accumulation of knee effusion

A

ACL tear

MKSAP 20

ACL tears are frequent in sports involving sudden stops or changes in direction.

82
Q

Cause of neck pain, presenting with gait and coordination abnormalities

A

Cervical myelopathy

MKSAP 20

This condition can result from spinal cord compression in the cervical region.

83
Q

Initial management of GTPS

A

Activity modification, analgesia with acetaminophen or NSAIDs

MKSAP 20

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) often requires conservative management.

84
Q

Symptoms associated with cauda equina syndrome

A

Back pain, saddle anesthesia, bowel/bladder dysfunction

MKSAP 20

Cauda equina syndrome is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.

85
Q

Diagnosis for lateral knee pain proximal to lateral femoral condyle after exercise

A

Iliotibial band syndrome

MKSAP 20

This syndrome is common among runners and cyclists.

86
Q

Diagnosis for elbow pain with flexion, paresthesia/numbness in 4th to 5th digits

A

Ulnar nerve entrapment

MKSAP 20

This condition is often referred to as cubital tunnel syndrome.

87
Q

Initial imaging test to evaluate scoliosis

A

Full-length posteroanterior and lateral radiography of the spine and measurement of the Cobb angle

MKSAP 20

Accurate measurement of the Cobb angle is essential for diagnosis.

88
Q

Treatment of asymptomatic popliteal cysts

A

None

MKSAP 20

Asymptomatic cysts typically do not require treatment.

89
Q

Therapy for chronic venous insufficiency

A

Leg elevation, exercise, static compression, weight loss

MKSAP 20

Management focuses on improving venous return.

90
Q

Initial pharmacologic treatment for musculoskeletal neck pain

A

Topical and/or oral NSAIDs

MKSAP 20

NSAIDs help reduce inflammation and pain.

91
Q

Indication for exercise stress testing for evaluation of syncope

A

Exertional syncope

MKSAP 20

This testing helps determine the underlying cause of syncope during physical activity.

92
Q

Diagnostic test for BPPV

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

MKSAP 20

This test is used to diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

93
Q

Best initial test in a patient with low pretest probability for PE

A

D-dimer

MKSAP 20

A negative D-dimer can effectively rule out pulmonary embolism.

94
Q

Pharmacologic palliation of medically unresponsive dyspnea

A

Opioids

MKSAP 20

Opioids can provide relief in patients with severe dyspnea.

95
Q

Diagnosis of fluid-filled swelling caused by herniated synovial tissue surrounding tendon sheaths or joints

A

Ganglion cyst

MKSAP 20

These cysts are often benign and may resolve on their own.

96
Q

Causes of peripheral vertigo

A

BPPV, vestibular neuronitis, labyrinthitis, Meniere disease, medications, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)

MKSAP 20

Peripheral vertigo is often associated with inner ear disorders.

97
Q

First-line therapy for insomnia

A

CBT-I

MKSAP 20

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is effective for long-term management.

98
Q

Back pain “red flags” from the history

A

Recent infection or injection drug use, immunosuppression, chronic glucocorticoid use, pain unrelieved in the supine position, history of cancer or weight loss, recent trauma

MKSAP 20

These red flags indicate potential serious underlying conditions.

99
Q

Concomitant neurologic findings in patients with central vertigo secondary to vertebrobasilar stroke

A

Nystagmus, dysphagia, dysarthria, diplopia, ataxia, postural instability, hemiparesis, mental status changes

MKSAP 20

These findings help differentiate central from peripheral causes of vertigo.

100
Q

Diagnosis for localized pain over proximal medial tibia 2-3 cm below knee

A

Pes anserine bursitis

MKSAP 20

This condition involves inflammation of the bursa located at the knee.

Fosforilados (16 decks)

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