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Interdisciplinary Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Submandibular swelling and edema of the mouth floor, drooling, neck pain, dysphagia, or dysphonia

A

Ludwig angina

MKSAP 20

Ludwig angina is a serious, potentially life-threatening cellulitis of the submandibular space.

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2
Q

First test for premenopausal AUB

A

Pregnancy test

MKSAP 20

AUB stands for abnormal uterine bleeding.

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3
Q

Most effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapy

A

Varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy

MKSAP 20

Varenicline is a non-nicotine medication that helps reduce cravings.

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4
Q

Test result that should prompt evaluation for hereditary or clonal mast cell diseases

A

Tryptase level >8 ng/mL

MKSAP 20

Elevated tryptase levels can indicate mast cell activation disorders.

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5
Q

Pharmacologic treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Topical trimethoprim-polymyxin B or erythromycin

MKSAP 20

These are commonly prescribed antibiotics for treating bacterial conjunctivitis.

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6
Q

Difficulty managing oral secretions, severe odynophagia/dysphagia, tachypnea, and stridor

A

Epiglottitis

MKSAP 20

Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis that can obstruct the airway.

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7
Q

USPSTF recommendation for peripartum depression prevention in at-risk patients

A

CBT or interpersonal therapy

MKSAP 20

CBT stands for cognitive behavioral therapy.

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8
Q

Purpose of cerumen

A

Protect, clean, and lubricate the external auditory canal

MKSAP 20

Cerumen is commonly known as earwax.

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9
Q

First-line therapy when antibiotic treatment is indicated for acute rhinosinusitis

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate or amoxicillin

MKSAP 20

These antibiotics are effective for treating acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

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10
Q

Most common cause of tinnitus

A

Hearing loss

MKSAP 20

Tinnitus is often associated with age-related hearing loss.

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11
Q

First-line treatment for premature ejaculation

A

Daily SSRI, on-demand clomipramine, or topical penile anesthetic

MKSAP 20

SSRIs are often used off-label for treating premature ejaculation.

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12
Q

Oral antibiotic treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, or levofloxacin

MKSAP 20

These antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial prostatitis.

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13
Q

Early-adult onset of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or catatonic behavior

A

Schizophrenia

MKSAP 20

Schizophrenia typically manifests in late adolescence to early adulthood.

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14
Q

Criteria for diagnosis of any female sexual disorder

A

Persistent symptoms and distress >75% of time for ≥6 months

MKSAP 20

This criterion helps in diagnosing various female sexual dysfunctions.

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15
Q

Acute painful vision loss, afferent pupillary defect, central scotoma

A

Optic neuritis

MKSAP 20

Optic neuritis is often associated with multiple sclerosis.

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16
Q

Evaluation of recurrent unilateral epistaxis

A

Nasal endoscopy

MKSAP 20

This procedure helps visualize the nasal cavity and identify bleeding sources.

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17
Q

Testicular pain and absent cremasteric reflex

A

Testicular torsion

MKSAP 20

Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that requires immediate intervention.

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18
Q

Fever, rash (including urticaria), headache, and polyarthritis 1-2 weeks after starting rituximab

A

Serum sickness

MKSAP 20

Serum sickness is an immune complex-mediated condition that can occur after certain medications.

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19
Q

Early complement deficiency infection risk

A

Encapsulated organisms

MKSAP 20

Patients with complement deficiencies are at increased risk for infections by encapsulated bacteria.

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20
Q

Antidepressants capable of causing the serotonin syndrome

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, MAO inhibitors

MKSAP 20

Serotonin syndrome can occur with excessive serotonergic activity.

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21
Q

Duration of postpartum period

A

Begins after birth and extends up to 1 year thereafter

MKSAP 20

The postpartum period is crucial for maternal recovery and bonding.

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22
Q

Approach to sudden-onset hearing loss (within 72 hours)

A

Urgent audiology referral, MRI, consideration of glucocorticoids

MKSAP 20

Early intervention can be critical for recovery of hearing.

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23
Q

Food allergy often occurring 2-6 hours after ingesting mammalian meat

A

α-Gal syndrome

MKSAP 20

α-Gal syndrome is associated with tick bites and leads to delayed allergic reactions.

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24
Q

Microbial origin for acute bacterial sialadenitis

A

Commonly polymicrobial, often with Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes

MKSAP 20

This condition involves inflammation of the salivary glands.

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25
Nonhormonal drugs for vasomotor symptoms of menopause
SSRIs, SNRIs, gabapentin, fezolinetant | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote These options provide alternatives for women who cannot use hormone therapy.
26
Sudden, painless, severe monocular vision loss
Central retinal artery occlusion | MKSAP 20
27
Most common cause of vaginitis
Bacterial vaginosis | MKSAP 20
28
Management of somatic symptom disorder
Acknowledgment of symptoms, therapeutic relationship, CBT | MKSAP 20
29
Most effective nicotine replacement strategy
Combination of short- and long-acting forms | MKSAP 20
30
Most common cause of acute urinary retention in men
BPH | MKSAP 20
31
Treatment of anovulatory AUB when fertility is desired
Medroxyprogesterone acetate | MKSAP 20
32
Acute eye pain, halos around lights, nausea/vomiting
Acute angle-closure glaucoma | MKSAP 20
33
Laboratory test indicated in patients with recurrent Neisseria infections
Total hemolytic complement (CH50) level | MKSAP 20
34
Over-the-counter medication used as adjunctive therapy for opioid use disorder
Intranasal naloxone | MKSAP 20
35
Premenstrual breast pain resolving with menstrual cycle onset
Cyclic mastalgia | MKSAP 20
36
Recommended strategy for benzodiazepine treatment of alcohol withdrawal
Symptom-triggered approach (CIWA-Ar) | MKSAP 20
37
Medications for postcoital contraception
Levonorgestrel (3-day window), ulipristal (5-day window) | MKSAP 20
38
Immunizations avoided during pregnancy
Live vaccines (e.g. varicella, HPV, MMR, live attenuated influenza, live attenuated zoster) | MKSAP 20
39
Smoking cessation drug contraindicated in seizure disorder
Bupropion | MKSAP 20
40
Severe cough paroxysms persisting for >2 weeks, often with posttussive emesis
Pertussis (whooping cough) | MKSAP 20
41
Hormonal contraception options when estrogen is contraindicated
Progestin-containing injection, implant, or pill; IUD | MKSAP 20
42
Major withdrawal symptoms within 48 hours of last alcoholic drink
Alcoholic hallucinosis and seizures | MKSAP 20
43
Vaginitis that requires partner treatment
Trichomoniasis | MKSAP 20
44
Urine leakage with coughing, sneezing, laughing
Stress urinary incontinence | MKSAP 20
45
Treatment of asymptomatic vaginal candidiasis
None | MKSAP 20
46
Contraindication to PDE-5 inhibitors for ED
Nitrate therapy | MKSAP 20
47
Treatment of anorexia nervosa
Psychotherapy, family therapy, and monitored dietary intake | MKSAP 20
48
Initial imaging test for breast mass in women <30 years
Ultrasonography | MKSAP 20
49
Impulsive overeating with compensatory behaviors, normal BMI
Bulimia nervosa | MKSAP 20
50
Breast imaging test of choice for pregnant women
Ultrasonography | MKSAP 20
51
Contraindicated vaccines in CVID
Any live vaccine | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote CVID stands for Common Variable Immunodeficiency, a disorder affecting the immune system.
52
Treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Moisturizers, lubricants, topical estrogen | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as vaginal dryness and discomfort.
53
Clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis requires any three of the following:
* Vaginal pH >4.5 * Thin, homogenous discharge * Positive whiff test result * 20% clue cells | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria.
54
First-line treatment of ADHD
Methylphenidate, amphetamine | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
55
Laboratory tests when there is high suspicion for hereditary angioedema
C1 esterase inhibitor and C4 complement levels | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Hereditary angioedema is a genetic condition that causes severe swelling.
56
Common sexual adverse effects of SSRIs
* Reduced libido * Anorgasmia * Delayed orgasm | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote SSRIs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used primarily as antidepressants.
57
Tenderness with pushing on the tragus, pulling on the pinna suggests:
Acute otitis externa | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Also known as swimmer's ear, this condition is an infection of the outer ear canal.
58
FDA-approved pharmacologic treatments for female sexual dysfunction include:
* Flibanserin * Bremelanotide | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote These medications target hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women.
59
Management of suspicious breast mass with negative imaging findings
Biopsy | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote A biopsy helps determine if the mass is benign or malignant.
60
Initial evaluation for overflow urinary incontinence involves:
Ultrasonography for postvoid residual urine volume measurement | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This evaluation helps assess the bladder's ability to empty completely.
61
Initial treatment of urge urinary incontinence
Bladder training and timed voiding | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This approach helps patients regain control over urination.
62
Preferred diagnostic test for trichomoniasis
Nucleic acid amplification testing | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite.
63
Severe eye pain, photophobia, scleral edema/redness indicates:
Scleritis | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Scleritis is an inflammation of the sclera, the outer layer of the eye.
64
Noninfectious disease risk in early complement deficiency includes:
SLE | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote SLE stands for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, an autoimmune disease.
65
Initial treatment of primary dysmenorrhea involves:
* NSAIDs * Contraception (e.g., estrogen-progesterone and progesterone-only methods) | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps without an underlying condition.
66
Earliest symptom of primary open-angle glaucoma
Peripheral visual field loss | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This condition is a leading cause of blindness, often without symptoms until advanced stages.
67
Recurrent nausea and vomiting relieved by prolonged hot showers suggests:
Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This syndrome is associated with chronic cannabis use.
68
Necessary test for women of reproductive age presenting with acute pelvic pain
Pregnancy test | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This test is crucial to rule out ectopic pregnancy or other pregnancy-related complications.
69
Autonomic activation and altered mental status ≥48 hours after last alcoholic drink indicates:
Delirium tremens | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This condition is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal.
70
Conditions for which patients with CVID are at increased risk include:
* Autoimmune disease * Inflammatory bowel disease * Noncaseating granulomas * Bronchiectasis * Malignancy | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote CVID can lead to various complications due to immune system deficiencies.
71
Vulvar dryness and pale, dry vaginal walls with decreased rugae suggest:
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (vaginal atrophy) | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This condition occurs due to decreased estrogen levels during menopause.
72
Impulsive overeating with compensatory behaviors and low BMI indicates:
Anorexia nervosa, binging subtype | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This subtype is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory actions.
73
First-line treatment of allergic rhinitis is:
Intranasal glucocorticoid monotherapy | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction that causes sneezing, congestion, and other symptoms.
74
Most common location for endometriosis is:
Ovaries | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
75
Management of cyclic mastalgia includes:
* Reassurance * Appropriate breast support * Topical NSAID | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Cyclic mastalgia refers to breast pain that occurs in sync with the menstrual cycle.
76
Initial drug therapy for LUTS
α-Blocker | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote LUTS stands for lower urinary tract symptoms.
77
Most effective postcoital contraception
Copper IUD within 5 days of intercourse | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote IUD stands for intrauterine device.
78
Treatment of functional urinary incontinence
Prompted voiding | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Functional urinary incontinence is often related to cognitive impairment.
79
Risk for VTE with progestin-only contraception
None | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote VTE stands for venous thromboembolism.
80
Recommended treatment for urticaria
Nonsedating, long-acting antihistamines (e.g., fexofenadine) | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Urticaria is commonly known as hives.
81
Impulsive overeating and loss of control over eating
Binge eating disorder | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food.
82
Chaotic interpersonal relationships, emotional lability, self-destructive behaviors
Borderline personality disorder | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This disorder often includes intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety.
83
Most common cause of galactorrhea
Pregnancy | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Galactorrhea is the inappropriate lactation not associated with childbirth.
84
“Bag of worms” scrotal mass that becomes smaller with elevation and supine positioning
Varicocele | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Varicocele is caused by enlarged veins within the scrotum.
85
Risk of prescribing antidepressant monotherapy in bipolar disorder
Precipitation of a manic episode | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Antidepressant monotherapy can destabilize mood in bipolar patients.
86
# MKSAP 20 First-line therapy for stress urinary incontinence
Pelvic floor muscle training | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This training helps strengthen the pelvic muscles.
87
First-line pharmacotherapy for ED
PDE-5 inhibitors | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote PDE-5 stands for phosphodiesterase type 5.
88
Symptom that must be present to diagnose major depression
Either depressed mood or anhedonia | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Anhedonia refers to the loss of interest or pleasure in most activities.
89
Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
CBT, SSRIs, SNRIs | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote CBT stands for cognitive-behavioral therapy, SSRIs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and SNRIs are serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
90
Intrusive thoughts/impulses and repetitive behaviors
OCD | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote OCD stands for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
91
Treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa
Cessation of topical decongestant and addition of intranasal glucocorticoids | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition caused by overuse of decongestant nasal sprays.
92
Most effective treatment of bulimia nervosa
CBT | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in addressing the underlying issues of bulimia.
93
Repetitive behaviors and difficulties in social interaction
Autism spectrum disorder | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Autism spectrum disorder encompasses a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, and communication.
94
Indicators of complicated otitis media
Fever, posterior ear pain, facial nerve paralysis | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Complicated otitis media may require surgical intervention.
95
Treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage
None; usually resolves spontaneously within several weeks | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Subconjunctival hemorrhage is often harmless.
96
Most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss
Presbycusis | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss.
97
Irritative voiding accompanied by new onset of perineal pain and fever
Acute prostatitis | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Acute prostatitis is an infection of the prostate gland.
98
Ultrasound finding that warrants endometrial biopsy in postmenopausal AUB
Endometrial stripe >4 mm | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote AUB stands for abnormal uterine bleeding.
99
Drusen and neovascularization
Wet AMD | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote AMD stands for age-related macular degeneration.
100
Treatment of panic disorder
SSRIs/SNRIs, CBT, or both | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Panic disorder often requires a combination of medication and therapy.
101
Excessive anxiety for ≥6 months causing functional impairment
Generalized anxiety disorder | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by chronic anxiety and worry.
102
Tool for assessing response to therapy in depression
PHQ-9 | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote PHQ-9 stands for Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
103
Testicular pain relieved with scrotal elevation
Epididymitis | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis.
104
Treatment of corneal abrasion in the setting of contact lens use
Topical antibiotics with antipseudomonal activity | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This is to prevent infections associated with contact lens wear.
105
Antibiotics for epididymitis in men at risk for STIs
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote This combination covers common sexually transmitted infections.
106
Initial imaging test for breast mass in women ≥30 years
Mammography | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Mammography is the standard screening technique for breast cancer.
107
Recurrence criteria for long-term depression drug therapy
≥3 episodes of major depressive disorder | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Recurrence indicates a need for ongoing treatment.
108
Eye pain, photophobia, decreased vision, ciliary flush
Anterior uveitis (iritis) | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Anterior uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea.
109
Intrusive memories of a traumatic event
PTSD | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote PTSD stands for post-traumatic stress disorder.
110
Indications for antibiotics in acute rhinosinusitis
Symptoms >10 days; severe symptoms/high fever ≥3 days; worsening symptoms after initial improvement | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote Acute rhinosinusitis typically resolves without antibiotics.
111
Recommended test for all patients first presenting with ED
Morning total testosterone level | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote ED stands for erectile dysfunction.
112
Number of Centor criteria suggesting testing for bacterial pharyngitis
Three (consider with two) | MKSAP 20 ## Footnote The Centor criteria help determine the likelihood of streptococcal infection.

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