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Fosforilados > Interdisciplinary Medicine > Flashcards

Interdisciplinary Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Submandibular swelling and edema of the mouth floor, drooling, neck pain, dysphagia, or dysphonia

A

Ludwig angina

MKSAP 20

Ludwig angina is a serious, potentially life-threatening cellulitis of the submandibular space.

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2
Q

First test for premenopausal AUB

A

Pregnancy test

MKSAP 20

AUB stands for abnormal uterine bleeding.

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3
Q

Most effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapy

A

Varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy

MKSAP 20

Varenicline is a non-nicotine medication that helps reduce cravings.

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4
Q

Test result that should prompt evaluation for hereditary or clonal mast cell diseases

A

Tryptase level >8 ng/mL

MKSAP 20

Elevated tryptase levels can indicate mast cell activation disorders.

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5
Q

Pharmacologic treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Topical trimethoprim-polymyxin B or erythromycin

MKSAP 20

These are commonly prescribed antibiotics for treating bacterial conjunctivitis.

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6
Q

Difficulty managing oral secretions, severe odynophagia/dysphagia, tachypnea, and stridor

A

Epiglottitis

MKSAP 20

Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis that can obstruct the airway.

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7
Q

USPSTF recommendation for peripartum depression prevention in at-risk patients

A

CBT or interpersonal therapy

MKSAP 20

CBT stands for cognitive behavioral therapy.

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8
Q

Purpose of cerumen

A

Protect, clean, and lubricate the external auditory canal

MKSAP 20

Cerumen is commonly known as earwax.

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9
Q

First-line therapy when antibiotic treatment is indicated for acute rhinosinusitis

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate or amoxicillin

MKSAP 20

These antibiotics are effective for treating acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

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10
Q

Most common cause of tinnitus

A

Hearing loss

MKSAP 20

Tinnitus is often associated with age-related hearing loss.

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11
Q

First-line treatment for premature ejaculation

A

Daily SSRI, on-demand clomipramine, or topical penile anesthetic

MKSAP 20

SSRIs are often used off-label for treating premature ejaculation.

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12
Q

Oral antibiotic treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, or levofloxacin

MKSAP 20

These antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial prostatitis.

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13
Q

Early-adult onset of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or catatonic behavior

A

Schizophrenia

MKSAP 20

Schizophrenia typically manifests in late adolescence to early adulthood.

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14
Q

Criteria for diagnosis of any female sexual disorder

A

Persistent symptoms and distress >75% of time for ≥6 months

MKSAP 20

This criterion helps in diagnosing various female sexual dysfunctions.

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15
Q

Acute painful vision loss, afferent pupillary defect, central scotoma

A

Optic neuritis

MKSAP 20

Optic neuritis is often associated with multiple sclerosis.

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16
Q

Evaluation of recurrent unilateral epistaxis

A

Nasal endoscopy

MKSAP 20

This procedure helps visualize the nasal cavity and identify bleeding sources.

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17
Q

Testicular pain and absent cremasteric reflex

A

Testicular torsion

MKSAP 20

Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that requires immediate intervention.

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18
Q

Fever, rash (including urticaria), headache, and polyarthritis 1-2 weeks after starting rituximab

A

Serum sickness

MKSAP 20

Serum sickness is an immune complex-mediated condition that can occur after certain medications.

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19
Q

Early complement deficiency infection risk

A

Encapsulated organisms

MKSAP 20

Patients with complement deficiencies are at increased risk for infections by encapsulated bacteria.

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20
Q

Antidepressants capable of causing the serotonin syndrome

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, MAO inhibitors

MKSAP 20

Serotonin syndrome can occur with excessive serotonergic activity.

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21
Q

Duration of postpartum period

A

Begins after birth and extends up to 1 year thereafter

MKSAP 20

The postpartum period is crucial for maternal recovery and bonding.

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22
Q

Approach to sudden-onset hearing loss (within 72 hours)

A

Urgent audiology referral, MRI, consideration of glucocorticoids

MKSAP 20

Early intervention can be critical for recovery of hearing.

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23
Q

Food allergy often occurring 2-6 hours after ingesting mammalian meat

A

α-Gal syndrome

MKSAP 20

α-Gal syndrome is associated with tick bites and leads to delayed allergic reactions.

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24
Q

Microbial origin for acute bacterial sialadenitis

A

Commonly polymicrobial, often with Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes

MKSAP 20

This condition involves inflammation of the salivary glands.

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25
Q

Nonhormonal drugs for vasomotor symptoms of menopause

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, gabapentin, fezolinetant

MKSAP 20

These options provide alternatives for women who cannot use hormone therapy.

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26
Q

Sudden, painless, severe monocular vision loss

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

MKSAP 20

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27
Q

Most common cause of vaginitis

A

Bacterial vaginosis

MKSAP 20

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28
Q

Management of somatic symptom disorder

A

Acknowledgment of symptoms, therapeutic relationship, CBT

MKSAP 20

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29
Q

Most effective nicotine replacement strategy

A

Combination of short- and long-acting forms

MKSAP 20

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30
Q

Most common cause of acute urinary retention in men

A

BPH

MKSAP 20

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31
Q

Treatment of anovulatory AUB when fertility is desired

A

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

MKSAP 20

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32
Q

Acute eye pain, halos around lights, nausea/vomiting

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

MKSAP 20

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33
Q

Laboratory test indicated in patients with recurrent Neisseria infections

A

Total hemolytic complement (CH50) level

MKSAP 20

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34
Q

Over-the-counter medication used as adjunctive therapy for opioid use disorder

A

Intranasal naloxone

MKSAP 20

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35
Q

Premenstrual breast pain resolving with menstrual cycle onset

A

Cyclic mastalgia

MKSAP 20

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36
Q

Recommended strategy for benzodiazepine treatment of alcohol withdrawal

A

Symptom-triggered approach (CIWA-Ar)

MKSAP 20

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37
Q

Medications for postcoital contraception

A

Levonorgestrel (3-day window), ulipristal (5-day window)

MKSAP 20

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38
Q

Immunizations avoided during pregnancy

A

Live vaccines (e.g. varicella, HPV, MMR, live attenuated influenza, live attenuated zoster)

MKSAP 20

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39
Q

Smoking cessation drug contraindicated in seizure disorder

A

Bupropion

MKSAP 20

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40
Q

Severe cough paroxysms persisting for >2 weeks, often with posttussive emesis

A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

MKSAP 20

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41
Q

Hormonal contraception options when estrogen is contraindicated

A

Progestin-containing injection, implant, or pill; IUD

MKSAP 20

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42
Q

Major withdrawal symptoms within 48 hours of last alcoholic drink

A

Alcoholic hallucinosis and seizures

MKSAP 20

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43
Q

Vaginitis that requires partner treatment

A

Trichomoniasis

MKSAP 20

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44
Q

Urine leakage with coughing, sneezing, laughing

A

Stress urinary incontinence

MKSAP 20

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45
Q

Treatment of asymptomatic vaginal candidiasis

A

None

MKSAP 20

46
Q

Contraindication to PDE-5 inhibitors for ED

A

Nitrate therapy

MKSAP 20

47
Q

Treatment of anorexia nervosa

A

Psychotherapy, family therapy, and monitored dietary intake

MKSAP 20

48
Q

Initial imaging test for breast mass in women <30 years

A

Ultrasonography

MKSAP 20

49
Q

Impulsive overeating with compensatory behaviors, normal BMI

A

Bulimia nervosa

MKSAP 20

50
Q

Breast imaging test of choice for pregnant women

A

Ultrasonography

MKSAP 20

51
Q

Contraindicated vaccines in CVID

A

Any live vaccine

MKSAP 20

CVID stands for Common Variable Immunodeficiency, a disorder affecting the immune system.

52
Q

Treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause

A

Moisturizers, lubricants, topical estrogen

MKSAP 20

This syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as vaginal dryness and discomfort.

53
Q

Clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis requires any three of the following:

A
  • Vaginal pH >4.5
  • Thin, homogenous discharge
  • Positive whiff test result
  • 20% clue cells

MKSAP 20

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria.

54
Q

First-line treatment of ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamine

MKSAP 20

ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

55
Q

Laboratory tests when there is high suspicion for hereditary angioedema

A

C1 esterase inhibitor and C4 complement levels

MKSAP 20

Hereditary angioedema is a genetic condition that causes severe swelling.

56
Q

Common sexual adverse effects of SSRIs

A
  • Reduced libido
  • Anorgasmia
  • Delayed orgasm

MKSAP 20

SSRIs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used primarily as antidepressants.

57
Q

Tenderness with pushing on the tragus, pulling on the pinna suggests:

A

Acute otitis externa

MKSAP 20

Also known as swimmer’s ear, this condition is an infection of the outer ear canal.

58
Q

FDA-approved pharmacologic treatments for female sexual dysfunction include:

A
  • Flibanserin
  • Bremelanotide

MKSAP 20

These medications target hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women.

59
Q

Management of suspicious breast mass with negative imaging findings

A

Biopsy

MKSAP 20

A biopsy helps determine if the mass is benign or malignant.

60
Q

Initial evaluation for overflow urinary incontinence involves:

A

Ultrasonography for postvoid residual urine volume measurement

MKSAP 20

This evaluation helps assess the bladder’s ability to empty completely.

61
Q

Initial treatment of urge urinary incontinence

A

Bladder training and timed voiding

MKSAP 20

This approach helps patients regain control over urination.

62
Q

Preferred diagnostic test for trichomoniasis

A

Nucleic acid amplification testing

MKSAP 20

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite.

63
Q

Severe eye pain, photophobia, scleral edema/redness indicates:

A

Scleritis

MKSAP 20

Scleritis is an inflammation of the sclera, the outer layer of the eye.

64
Q

Noninfectious disease risk in early complement deficiency includes:

A

SLE

MKSAP 20

SLE stands for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, an autoimmune disease.

65
Q

Initial treatment of primary dysmenorrhea involves:

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Contraception (e.g., estrogen-progesterone and progesterone-only methods)

MKSAP 20

Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps without an underlying condition.

66
Q

Earliest symptom of primary open-angle glaucoma

A

Peripheral visual field loss

MKSAP 20

This condition is a leading cause of blindness, often without symptoms until advanced stages.

67
Q

Recurrent nausea and vomiting relieved by prolonged hot showers suggests:

A

Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome

MKSAP 20

This syndrome is associated with chronic cannabis use.

68
Q

Necessary test for women of reproductive age presenting with acute pelvic pain

A

Pregnancy test

MKSAP 20

This test is crucial to rule out ectopic pregnancy or other pregnancy-related complications.

69
Q

Autonomic activation and altered mental status ≥48 hours after last alcoholic drink indicates:

A

Delirium tremens

MKSAP 20

This condition is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal.

70
Q

Conditions for which patients with CVID are at increased risk include:

A
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Noncaseating granulomas
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Malignancy

MKSAP 20

CVID can lead to various complications due to immune system deficiencies.

71
Q

Vulvar dryness and pale, dry vaginal walls with decreased rugae suggest:

A

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (vaginal atrophy)

MKSAP 20

This condition occurs due to decreased estrogen levels during menopause.

72
Q

Impulsive overeating with compensatory behaviors and low BMI indicates:

A

Anorexia nervosa, binging subtype

MKSAP 20

This subtype is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory actions.

73
Q

First-line treatment of allergic rhinitis is:

A

Intranasal glucocorticoid monotherapy

MKSAP 20

Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction that causes sneezing, congestion, and other symptoms.

74
Q

Most common location for endometriosis is:

A

Ovaries

MKSAP 20

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.

75
Q

Management of cyclic mastalgia includes:

A
  • Reassurance
  • Appropriate breast support
  • Topical NSAID

MKSAP 20

Cyclic mastalgia refers to breast pain that occurs in sync with the menstrual cycle.

76
Q

Initial drug therapy for LUTS

A

α-Blocker

MKSAP 20

LUTS stands for lower urinary tract symptoms.

77
Q

Most effective postcoital contraception

A

Copper IUD within 5 days of intercourse

MKSAP 20

IUD stands for intrauterine device.

78
Q

Treatment of functional urinary incontinence

A

Prompted voiding

MKSAP 20

Functional urinary incontinence is often related to cognitive impairment.

79
Q

Risk for VTE with progestin-only contraception

A

None

MKSAP 20

VTE stands for venous thromboembolism.

80
Q

Recommended treatment for urticaria

A

Nonsedating, long-acting antihistamines (e.g., fexofenadine)

MKSAP 20

Urticaria is commonly known as hives.

81
Q

Impulsive overeating and loss of control over eating

A

Binge eating disorder

MKSAP 20

Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food.

82
Q

Chaotic interpersonal relationships, emotional lability, self-destructive behaviors

A

Borderline personality disorder

MKSAP 20

This disorder often includes intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety.

83
Q

Most common cause of galactorrhea

A

Pregnancy

MKSAP 20

Galactorrhea is the inappropriate lactation not associated with childbirth.

84
Q

“Bag of worms” scrotal mass that becomes smaller with elevation and supine positioning

A

Varicocele

MKSAP 20

Varicocele is caused by enlarged veins within the scrotum.

85
Q

Risk of prescribing antidepressant monotherapy in bipolar disorder

A

Precipitation of a manic episode

MKSAP 20

Antidepressant monotherapy can destabilize mood in bipolar patients.

86
Q

MKSAP 20

First-line therapy for stress urinary incontinence

A

Pelvic floor muscle training

MKSAP 20

This training helps strengthen the pelvic muscles.

87
Q

First-line pharmacotherapy for ED

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

MKSAP 20

PDE-5 stands for phosphodiesterase type 5.

88
Q

Symptom that must be present to diagnose major depression

A

Either depressed mood or anhedonia

MKSAP 20

Anhedonia refers to the loss of interest or pleasure in most activities.

89
Q

Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

A

CBT, SSRIs, SNRIs

MKSAP 20

CBT stands for cognitive-behavioral therapy, SSRIs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and SNRIs are serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

90
Q

Intrusive thoughts/impulses and repetitive behaviors

A

OCD

MKSAP 20

OCD stands for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

91
Q

Treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Cessation of topical decongestant and addition of intranasal glucocorticoids

MKSAP 20

Rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition caused by overuse of decongestant nasal sprays.

92
Q

Most effective treatment of bulimia nervosa

A

CBT

MKSAP 20

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in addressing the underlying issues of bulimia.

93
Q

Repetitive behaviors and difficulties in social interaction

A

Autism spectrum disorder

MKSAP 20

Autism spectrum disorder encompasses a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, and communication.

94
Q

Indicators of complicated otitis media

A

Fever, posterior ear pain, facial nerve paralysis

MKSAP 20

Complicated otitis media may require surgical intervention.

95
Q

Treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

None; usually resolves spontaneously within several weeks

MKSAP 20

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is often harmless.

96
Q

Most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

MKSAP 20

Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss.

97
Q

Irritative voiding accompanied by new onset of perineal pain and fever

A

Acute prostatitis

MKSAP 20

Acute prostatitis is an infection of the prostate gland.

98
Q

Ultrasound finding that warrants endometrial biopsy in postmenopausal AUB

A

Endometrial stripe >4 mm

MKSAP 20

AUB stands for abnormal uterine bleeding.

99
Q

Drusen and neovascularization

A

Wet AMD

MKSAP 20

AMD stands for age-related macular degeneration.

100
Q

Treatment of panic disorder

A

SSRIs/SNRIs, CBT, or both

MKSAP 20

Panic disorder often requires a combination of medication and therapy.

101
Q

Excessive anxiety for ≥6 months causing functional impairment

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

MKSAP 20

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by chronic anxiety and worry.

102
Q

Tool for assessing response to therapy in depression

A

PHQ-9

MKSAP 20

PHQ-9 stands for Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

103
Q

Testicular pain relieved with scrotal elevation

A

Epididymitis

MKSAP 20

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis.

104
Q

Treatment of corneal abrasion in the setting of contact lens use

A

Topical antibiotics with antipseudomonal activity

MKSAP 20

This is to prevent infections associated with contact lens wear.

105
Q

Antibiotics for epididymitis in men at risk for STIs

A

Ceftriaxone and doxycycline

MKSAP 20

This combination covers common sexually transmitted infections.

106
Q

Initial imaging test for breast mass in women ≥30 years

A

Mammography

MKSAP 20

Mammography is the standard screening technique for breast cancer.

107
Q

Recurrence criteria for long-term depression drug therapy

A

≥3 episodes of major depressive disorder

MKSAP 20

Recurrence indicates a need for ongoing treatment.

108
Q

Eye pain, photophobia, decreased vision, ciliary flush

A

Anterior uveitis (iritis)

MKSAP 20

Anterior uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea.

109
Q

Intrusive memories of a traumatic event

A

PTSD

MKSAP 20

PTSD stands for post-traumatic stress disorder.

110
Q

Indications for antibiotics in acute rhinosinusitis

A

Symptoms >10 days; severe symptoms/high fever ≥3 days; worsening symptoms after initial improvement

MKSAP 20

Acute rhinosinusitis typically resolves without antibiotics.

111
Q

Recommended test for all patients first presenting with ED

A

Morning total testosterone level

MKSAP 20

ED stands for erectile dysfunction.

112
Q

Number of Centor criteria suggesting testing for bacterial pharyngitis

A

Three (consider with two)

MKSAP 20

The Centor criteria help determine the likelihood of streptococcal infection.

Fosforilados (16 decks)

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