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Fosforilados > Hepatology and Biliary Tract Diseases > Flashcards

Hepatology and Biliary Tract Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis suggested by elevated alkaline phosphatase and positive antimitochondrial antibody

A

PBC

MKSAP 20

PBC stands for Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

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2
Q

Mandatory test in patients with cirrhosis with new-onset ascites

A

Diagnostic paracentesis

MKSAP 20

This procedure helps to evaluate the cause of ascites.

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3
Q

HCV-associated extrahepatic diseases

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, mixed cryoglobulinemia, porphyria cutanea tarda

MKSAP 20

These are conditions that can occur outside the liver due to hepatitis C.

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4
Q

Recommended hepatitis C pretreatment assessment

A

Cirrhosis assessment with serologic biomarkers and/or elastography

MKSAP 20

This assessment is critical to determine the extent of liver disease before starting treatment.

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5
Q

Ascites leukocyte count diagnostic for SBP

A

≥250/µL

MKSAP 20

SBP stands for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

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6
Q

Most common causes of drug-induced liver injury

A

Acetaminophen, amoxicillin-clavulanate, phenytoin, valproate

MKSAP 20

These medications are frequently associated with liver toxicity.

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7
Q

Treatment for liver disease and iron overload secondary to hereditary hemochromatosis

A

Phlebotomy

MKSAP 20

This treatment helps to reduce iron levels in the body.

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8
Q

HCC screening in at-risk patients with hepatitis B and no cirrhosis

A

Ultrasonography and AFP measurement every 6 months

MKSAP 20

HCC stands for hepatocellular carcinoma, and AFP is alpha-fetoprotein.

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9
Q

Most common cause of abnormal liver test results

A

MASLD

MKSAP 20

MASLD stands for Metabolic Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

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10
Q

Amebic liver abscess diagnostic tests

A

Liver imaging, E. histolytica serologic testing

MKSAP 20

E. histolytica is the causative agent of amebic liver abscess.

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11
Q

Diagnosis characterized by cirrhosis-related orthodeoxia and platypnea

A

Hepatopulmonary syndrome

MKSAP 20

This syndrome involves respiratory complications due to liver disease.

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12
Q

Alcoholic hepatitis indications for prednisolone

A

MELD score >20

MKSAP 20

MELD stands for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease.

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13
Q

PSC cancer associations

A

Cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, gallbladder cancer

MKSAP 20

PSC stands for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

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14
Q

Hepatitis C–related vasculitis

A

Mixed cryoglobulinemia

MKSAP 20

This condition is associated with the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood.

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15
Q

MASLD treatment

A

Weight loss, diet modification, and moderate exercise

MKSAP 20

These lifestyle changes are essential for managing MASLD.

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16
Q

Diagnosis suggested by first-trimester pregnancy, prolonged vomiting, elevated AST/ALT

A

Hyperemesis gravidarum

MKSAP 20

This condition involves severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

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17
Q

USPSTF hepatitis C screening indication

A

All patients age 18-79 years

MKSAP 20

USPSTF stands for United States Preventive Services Task Force.

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18
Q

Diagnosis suggested by fever, jaundice, tender hepatomegaly, alcohol use disorder, abdominal distention from ascites

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

MKSAP 20

This condition results from excessive alcohol consumption leading to liver inflammation.

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19
Q

Most common antibiotic causing cholestatic liver damage

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

MKSAP 20

This antibiotic combination is known for its potential liver toxicity.

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20
Q

Test for acute cholecystitis if high clinical likelihood but negative ultrasound

A

HIDA scan

MKSAP 20

HIDA stands for hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan.

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21
Q

Diagnosis suggested by second- or third-trimester pregnancy, pruritus, mild AST/ALT elevations

A

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

MKSAP 20

This condition causes itching and is related to liver function during pregnancy.

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22
Q

Cirrhosis-related bone disease and screening test

A

Osteoporosis, DXA

MKSAP 20

DXA stands for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, a test for bone density.

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23
Q

Diagnosis suggested by fever, RUQ abdominal pain, jaundice

A

Cholangitis

MKSAP 20

This condition involves infection of the bile duct.

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24
Q

Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis

A

Prednisone, usually with azathioprine

MKSAP 20

This treatment regimen helps to manage autoimmune inflammation in the liver.

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25
Q

Diagnosis suggested by hepatomegaly, caudate lobe hypertrophy, ascites, RUQ pain

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

MKSAP 20

This syndrome is caused by hepatic vein obstruction.

26
Q

Most common cause of ALF

A

Acetaminophen overdose

MKSAP 20

27
Q

Hepatitis B treatment indications

A

ALF, immune-active or reactivation phase, immunosuppression, cirrhosis, pregnant patients with viral load >200,000 U/mL in third trimester

MKSAP 20

28
Q

Differential diagnosis for Gilbert syndrome

A

Hemolysis, drug-induced hyperbilirubinemia

MKSAP 20

29
Q

Treatment for SBP

A

Third-generation cephalosporin plus albumin

MKSAP 20

30
Q

Diagnostic testing for chronic hepatitis C

A

HCV antibody followed by HCV RNA

MKSAP 20

31
Q

PBC treatment

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

MKSAP 20

32
Q

HCC screening test in patients with cirrhosis

A

Ultrasonography and AFP measurement every 6 months

MKSAP 20

33
Q

Hepatitis B first-line treatments

A

Entecavir or tenofovir

MKSAP 20

34
Q

Causes of high elastography scores

A

ALT >100 U/L, hepatic congestion or severe steatosis, infiltrative disorders, bile duct obstruction

MKSAP 20

35
Q

Diagnosis suggested by normal ALT/AST, positive HBsAg, positive HBeAg, high HBV DNA

A

Hepatitis B infection immune-tolerant phase

MKSAP 20

36
Q

Recommended tests for suspected liver fibrosis and cirrhosis

A

AST-to-platelet ratio index, Fibrosis-4 score, and elastography

MKSAP 20

37
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia treatment

A

None

MKSAP 20

38
Q

Cholecystectomy indications for asymptomatic gallstones

A

Gallstones >3 cm, porcelain gallbladder, gallbladder polyp >1 cm

MKSAP 20

39
Q

Liver transplantation indications

A

Acute liver failure, MELD 3.0 score ≥15, decompensated cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma

MKSAP 20

40
Q

Diagnostic criterion for acute hepatitis A

A

HAV IgM antibodies

MKSAP 20

41
Q

Bowel disease associated with PSC

A

IBD

MKSAP 20

42
Q

Diagnosis suggested by ALF, neuropsychiatric symptoms, Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia in patient <40 years

A

Wilson disease

MKSAP 20

43
Q

Diagnosis suggested by RUQ pain without gallstones on ultrasound in critically ill patient

A

Acalculous cholecystitis

MKSAP 20

44
Q

Medical treatment for ascites

A

Sodium restriction, spironolactone, furosemide

MKSAP 20

45
Q

Common autoimmune hepatitis antibodies

A

ANA and smooth-muscle antibody

MKSAP 20

46
Q

Hepatic tumor associated with oral contraceptive agent in women

A

Hepatic adenoma

MKSAP 20

47
Q

Treatment for HELLP syndrome and fatty liver of pregnancy

A

Delivery

MKSAP 20

48
Q

PSC ERCP indications

A

Dominant stricture, bile duct mass

MKSAP 20

49
Q

Hepatitis B–associated vasculitides

A

Polyarteritis nodosa, cryoglobulinemia

MKSAP 20

50
Q

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy treatment

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

MKSAP 20

51
Q

Hepatitis B vertical transmission prevention drugs

A

Lamivudine, tenofovir

MKSAP 20

52
Q

Common hepatic encephalopathy precipitants

A

Infection, GI bleeding, medications, volume depletion

MKSAP 20

53
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy drug treatments

A

Lactulose (initial), rifaximin (second)

MKSAP 20

54
Q

Diagnosis suggested by acute hepatitis and hemolytic anemia in a young adult

A

Wilson disease

MKSAP 20

55
Q

Obstructive cholangitis treatment

A

Antibiotics and ERCP

MKSAP 20

56
Q

PSC gold standard treatment

A

Liver transplantation

MKSAP 20

57
Q

Test for all patients with cirrhosis not receiving nonselective β-blocker

A

Upper endoscopy to assess for varices

MKSAP 20

58
Q

SBP prophylaxis after an episode of SBP

A

Long-term antibiotics

MKSAP 20

59
Q

Hepatitis C treatment indication

A

All patients with infection (unless short life expectancy)

MKSAP 20

60
Q

Hepatopulmonary syndrome test

A

Echocardiography with administration of agitated saline

MKSAP 20

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