Critical Care Medicine Flashcards
(50 cards)
Diagnosis suggested by hyperthermia, mental status changes, dysautonomia, muscle rigidity, neuroleptic drug use
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
MKSAP 20
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening condition associated with the use of antipsychotic medications.
First-line vasopressor for septic shock
Norepinephrine
MKSAP 20
Norepinephrine is preferred due to its effectiveness in increasing blood pressure.
Most common cause of cardiogenic shock
Myocardial infarction
MKSAP 20
Myocardial infarction leads to decreased cardiac output, causing cardiogenic shock.
Role of procalcitonin in initiation of antibiotics
None
MKSAP 20
Procalcitonin levels do not influence the initiation of antibiotic therapy.
Target MAP in septic shock
60-65 mm Hg
MKSAP 20
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a critical parameter to monitor in septic shock management.
Strategies to decrease delirium during mechanical ventilation
Daily interruptions of sedation and analgesia; protocolized light sedation
MKSAP 20
These strategies help minimize the risk of delirium in critically ill patients.
Carboxyhemoglobin level indication for hyperbaric therapy
≥25%
MKSAP 20
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is indicated for severe carbon monoxide poisoning.
Preferred agents for continuous sedation during mechanical ventilation
Propofol, dexmedetomidine
MKSAP 20
These agents are favored for their rapid onset and short duration of action.
Only indications for benzodiazepines in delirium treatment
Alcohol withdrawal, seizures
MKSAP 20
Benzodiazepines are primarily used for specific indications rather than general delirium.
Treatment for shock refractory to fluids and vasopressors
Hydrocortisone
MKSAP 20
Hydrocortisone may be used in cases of adrenal insufficiency contributing to shock.
Treatment for isopropyl alcohol ingestion
Supportive care
MKSAP 20
Isopropyl alcohol poisoning typically requires supportive measures rather than specific antidotes.
Type of IV catheter with highest flow rate
Peripheral wide-bore catheter
MKSAP 20
These catheters allow for rapid fluid administration.
Initial fluid resuscitation bolus for sepsis
30 mL/kg of crystalloid solution
MKSAP 20
This volume is recommended to restore perfusion in septic patients.
Drug treatment for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Fomepizole
MKSAP 20
Fomepizole acts as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor.
Basic strategies to minimize ICU-acquired weakness
Early mobilization, avoidance of early parenteral nutrition, glucose control
MKSAP 20
These strategies aim to maintain muscle strength and function in ICU patients.
Timing of initiation of enteral nutrition in ICU
24-48 hours after admission
MKSAP 20
Early enteral nutrition is associated with better outcomes in critically ill patients.
Common bacterial causes of pneumonia after smoke inhalation
Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species
MKSAP 20
These organisms are often implicated due to the inhalation injury.
Measures in ventilatory assessment of neuromuscular weakness
Maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, positional changes in FVC
MKSAP 20
These assessments help evaluate respiratory muscle function.
Diagnosis suggested by hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, dysautonomia, mental status changes
Serotonin syndrome
MKSAP 20
Serotonin syndrome can occur due to excess serotonergic activity.
Clinical features of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure with CO2 narcosis
Somnolence, myoclonic jerks
MKSAP 20
These symptoms indicate significant respiratory compromise.
Treatment for cardiac arrest with hypothermia
Prolonged CPR and active rewarming
MKSAP 20
Active rewarming is crucial to improve outcomes in hypothermic cardiac arrest.
Assessment test before liberation from mechanical ventilation
Spontaneous breathing trial
MKSAP 20
This trial assesses the ability to breathe independently.
Common causes of systemic toxicity in smoke inhalation
Carbon monoxide, cyanide
MKSAP 20
These toxins can cause significant morbidity and mortality.
Evidence-supported ventilation type in neuromuscular disease
NPPV
MKSAP 20
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is effective for respiratory support.
