Onco Midterm Flashcards
What syndrome is characterized by concurrent IMHA and thrombocytopenia?
evan’s syndrome
What is the signalment of IMHA?
middle aged, female
breeds: cockers, springers, old english sheepdogs, lhasa apsos, shih tzus
What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide in treating IMHA?
cross link DNA in rapidly dividing cells (T and B lymphos)
What is the MOA of azathioprine in treating IMHA?
antimetabolite, defective DNA synthesis, cell death
What is the MOA of danazol in treating IMHA?
attenuated androgen that blocks Fc receptors on macrophages
What drug results in a more physiological available corticosteroid in IMHA?
danazol (releases from binding protein)
What therapy for IMHA is an antibody that blocks Fc receptors?
IV human immunoglobulin
What drug binds to tubulin and causes megakaryocytic fragmentation with release of immature platelets?
vincristine
What functional test is used for cellular immunity in horses?
intradermal phytohemagglutinin (also response to vax)
What is the quantitative test for antibody mediated immunity in horses?
radioimmunoassay
What is the quantitative test for cellular immunity in horses?
CBC
What part of the immune system is absent in SCID foals?
T-cell and B-cell function absent
What is the mean age of diagnosis of lymphoma in horses?
5-10 years
What is the most common cell lineage type of equine lymphoma?
T cell rich, large B cell most common
What is the most common organ of metastasis of lymphoma in horses?
spleen
What are the 3 types of leukemia in horses?
Leukemic - profound leukocytosis
Subleukemic - blast cells, low/normal WBC
Aleukemic - abnormal bone marrow only
What is the normal amount of reticulocytes in circulation in equine blood?
NONE
Which sedative should be avoided in acute blood loss in horses?
alpha 2 agonists
How much blood can be taken for transfusion from an equine blood donor?
5-10 L
What are the differences in CS for primary hemostasis disfunction and secondary hemostasis dysfunction?
primary - petechia, melena
secondary - hemorrhage, hematomas
What is the most common inherited coagulation factor deficiency in a horse?
VIII deficiency (hemophilia A)
What will be seen on a coag panel with a horse that has factor VIII deficiency?
abnormal APTT, normal PT
How is vasculitis in a horse diagnosed?
punch biopsy
What causes equine purpura hemorrhagica?
strep equi equi
What are the CS of vasculitis in a horse?
dermal/subq edema, petechiae
What is the vector for anaplasma?
ixodes scapularis
How is Equine infectious anemia tested for?
coggins test
What clotting factors are synthesized from vit K?
2, 7, 9, 10
What are the common causes of vit k deficiency in a horse?
warfarin, moldy sweet clover
What kind of vit k is given in warfarin toxicity in horses?
SQ vit K1
How is babesia treated in a horse?
imidocarb
What are the most common RBC factors involved in neonatal isoerythrolysis?
Qa and Aa
What is the most common cause of heinz body anemia in horses?
red maple toxicity
What is the most common type of pituitary tumor in a dog?
corticotroph adenoma
What may be seen on a radiograph with a multiple myeloma patient?
osteolytic (punched out) lesions
What kind of pituatary tumors do cats get?
functional somatotroph adenoma - secretes GH
What are bisphosphanates used to treat in multiple myeloma patients?
managing hypercalcemia and decreasing osteoclastic bone resorption
What gene is associated with increased susceptibility to BLV in cows?
Gene DRB3.2 on chromosome 23
susceptible animals have higher milk production
What is the prevelance of + BLV herds in the whole cattle industry?
dairy - 70%
beef - 50%
What is the prevelance of positive cows in BLV+ herds?
30% dairy
10% beef
What are the 2 most common places for cattle to get SCC?
frontal sinus and eye
Where do sheep and goats get SCC?
sheep - ear
goats - perineum
What are the 4 R’s of factors that affect radiation therapy?
Repair
repopulation
redistribution - phase of mitosis cycle
reoxygenation - hypoxic cells resistant
What mitosis phases is radiation therapy best at killing?
cells in M and G2 phases
What are acute side effects from radiation therapy and when do they occur?
moist desquamation, oral mucositis, KCS, alopecia
arise at end of RT and get worse for another week or two
What are chronic side effects from radiation therapy and when do they occur?
permanant hair loss, KCS, cataracts, bone or CNS necrosis
6 months to years after RT
What types of microscopic disease is radiation best at treating in dogs?
soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors
also carcinomas in perianal, anal sac, ear canal, salivary, and cutaneous
What is the most common tumor that is treated with palliative radiation therapy in dogs?
appendicular osteosarcoma
What oral tumor responds well to radiation therapy?
melanoma
What group of chemotherapy drugs has an MOA of creating DNA adducts that interfere with replication of DNA?
alkylating agents
What phase of the mitosis cycle do microtubule spindle poisons affect?
M phase (cell cycle specific)
